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Search for passenger subjective letter native Bering Strait Alaska 20th century in Full Text gives 375 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

  • Samuel Gelman,
  • Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
  • Nir Kampf,
  • Marek Patočka,
  • Maricarmen Rios,
  • Marcos Penedo,
  • Georg Fantner,
  • Amir Beker,
  • Sidney R. Cohen and
  • Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

Graphical Abstract
  • in their reference images. Specifically, we calculated here the perceptual index (PI) [20], which combines no-reference image quality measures of Ma et al. [21], which relate to human subjective scoring of super-resolution (SR) images, and the Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) [22], a blind no
  • assessments, a blind and subjective evaluation was conducted, polling AFM experts for their opinions on both image fidelity and image quality. Reference metrics The first comparison of the SR images to the GT references was to take the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). This is done by taking the logarithm of
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Published 16 Jul 2025

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

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  • [120], fulfils this role. Similarly as Richard Feynman established the foundations of nanotechnology in the mid-20th century [121][122], Masakazu Aono proposed the concept of nanoarchitectonics [123][124] at the threshold between the 20th and 21st centuries. Nanoarchitectonics can be defined as the
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Published 04 Jul 2025

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

  • Eric Lieberwirth,
  • Anja Schaeper,
  • Regina Lange,
  • Ingo Barke,
  • Simone Baltrusch and
  • Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

Graphical Abstract
  • study of metabolically active organelles [26]. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) enables three-dimensional visualisation of living cells in their native state [27]. Pioneered by Hansma et al. [28], the method has been continuously refined since the 1990s [27][29][30]. SICM utilises a
  • topography is acquired. SICM is particularly well suited for biological applications, as it is a non-contact method with minimal interaction forces, preserving the native state of the sample [27]. To date, SICM investigations of mitochondria have been limited to subsarcolemmal mitochondria, specifically in
  • significant advance in imaging metabolically active organelles in their native environment with nanometer-scale resolution. The outer mitochondrial membrane appears largely “featureless” and smooth in these measurements. No detectable signatures of porins or other integral membrane proteins, which are present
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Published 30 Jun 2025

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

  • Bob Kyeyune,
  • Philipp Rahe and
  • Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

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  • . This particularly concerns the transfer of surface species to the tip when the tip is subject to intentional or unintentional contact with the surface. Furthermore, ambient species like native oxides, hydrogen ions, or residual water can adsorb on the tip apex during scanning. Additionally, the
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Published 26 Jun 2025

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite

  • Sumanta Sahoo,
  • Ankur Sood and
  • Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. The presence of magnetic behavior in GVF further promotes the occurrence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, the low magnetic moment of GVF compared to that of native α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (mostly synthesized through the Fe-based aqueous salt) could account for the low levels of α-Fe2O3 formed
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Published 20 Jun 2025

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

  • Thomas Henning Loeber,
  • Bert Laegel,
  • Meltem Sezen,
  • Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
  • Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
  • Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

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  • density of 6 pA·μm−2 . Before deposition, a small part of the Si substrate was gently milled with the Cs+ FIB at 16 kV, such that any native oxide and other contaminations were completely removed at this location. With that, the influence of oxygen molecules on the deposited layer can be excluded. The
  • layers, which have a length of 40 μm and a width 1 μm, were deposited across the boundary between the bare Si and the Si with its native oxide intact. A visual inspection with the SEM reveals surface bubbles on layers deposited at 2 and 5 kV (as shown in Figure 1a). No significant differences can be seen
  • in the size or density of the bubbles when comparing depositions on Si (upper part) and Si with the native oxide layer (lower part). Similar to Rb+ FIBID-Pt discussed in [11], these bubbles appear after exposure of the samples to air (during the short transfer from the Cs+ FIB to the Ga+ FIB) and are
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Published 16 Jun 2025

Ar+ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

  • Manu Bura,
  • Divya Gupta,
  • Arun Kumar and
  • Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

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  • fluences, the density of electronic excitation increases, and covalent bonds in the lattice are weakened. This leads to relaxation, which causes surface smoothening. The stoichiometry of pristine and implanted samples evaluated using EDS analysis are shown in Table 6. Because of the native oxide layer on
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Published 11 Jun 2025

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl3: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

  • Shafaq Kazim,
  • Rahul Parmar,
  • Maryam Azizinia,
  • Matteo Amati,
  • Muhammad Rauf,
  • Andrea Di Cicco,
  • Seyed Javid Rezvani,
  • Dario Mastrippolito,
  • Luca Ottaviano,
  • Tomasz Klimczuk,
  • Luca Gregoratti and
  • Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

Graphical Abstract
  • substrates for SPEM investigations. In contrast, 285 nm SiO2/Si and ITO (190 nm) on glass substrates were used for surface potential studies. On native Si substrates, the optical contrast was insufficient to visualize thin flakes. We were unable to observe flakes with thicknesses smaller than 10 nm using the
  • all three aforementioned modes on thin CrCl3 flakes at RT on a native Si oxide substrate. The survey spectra indicate beam damage resulting from the focused beam, as evidenced by the high intensity of the Si 2p core level photoemission, which was not observed in the other cases involving defocused
  • silicon oxide substrate would help the determination of flakes thickness, we used also a more conductive substrate to measure photoemission under X-ray irradiation, that is, 1 nm thick native oxide Si substrates. Another convenient substrate for SPEM was 190 nm thick indium-doped tin oxide on glass
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Published 02 Jun 2025

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

  • Matteo Amati,
  • Alexey S. Shkvarin,
  • Alexander I. Merentsov,
  • Alexander N. Titov,
  • María Taeño,
  • David Maestre,
  • Sarah R. McKibbin,
  • Zygmunt Milosz,
  • Ana Cremades,
  • Rainer Timm and
  • Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

Graphical Abstract
  • promising, their performance is often limited by surface properties of the III–V semiconductor material, which furthermore can vary for individual nanowires. This includes native oxides on semiconductor surfaces and their possible removal, surface passivation, and interface defects [27]. Therefore, in-depth
  • a weaker in-built potential at the surface. This effect can be expected from surface band bending due to defects or native oxides at the surface. This demonstrates the necessity for both bulk- and surface-sensitive measurements in order to fully understand the local potential distribution in such
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Published 23 May 2025

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

  • Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
  • Lukas D. Cavar,
  • Franjo Weber,
  • Peter G. Reichel,
  • Mara Niebling and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

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  • locations on the microcapacitor sample. The first spectrum was recorded on one of the microcapacitors (C3, see Figure 2). Then, we measured in one of the FIB-etched trenches around the capacitors. Here, we assume that the bare silicon surface is covered by a thin native oxide layer (Si). Last, we measured
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Published 08 May 2025

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

  • Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
  • Krzysztof Maćkosz,
  • Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
  • Iwona B. Szymańska,
  • Patrik Hoffmann and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

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  • following the method outlined by Butrymowicz and colleagues [42]. FEBID was performed using a Hitachi S3600 scanning electron microscope (SEM), which features a high-vacuum chamber and a tungsten filament electron source. Native-oxide Si(100) was employed as a substrate, which was thoroughly cleaned with
  • duration. A 20 keV electron beam was used with a probe current of 0.7 nA, as measured on a Faraday cup using a Keithley picoamperemeter. This corresponds to a current of 0.5 nA on the native-oxide Si(100) substrate, with the remaining 0.2 nA attributed to BSEs and SEs emitted from the substrate. The
  • of the thin focused electron beam (FEB) deposit containing Pd, C, and O without substrate interference (native silicon oxide and silicon), the SAMx Stratagem thin film correction software, based on the work by Pouchou and Pichoir [43] was employed. Stratagem needs k-ratios (i.e., the ratio of X-ray
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Published 15 Apr 2025

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

  • Joy Mukherjee,
  • Safiul Alam Mollick,
  • Tanmoy Basu and
  • Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

Graphical Abstract
  • no reaction between the inert Ar ions and the Si atoms, ensuring the absence of a chemical aspect of pattern formation. However, the native silicon oxide layer is partially sputtered. This is also a key factor in generating surface instabilities. The surface morphology largely varies due to different
  • -ion bombardment is a consequence of ion-induced instabilities on the surface by the interplay between sputtering and mass redistribution of surface atoms [52][53]. During ion bombardment, the sputtering of the native silicon oxide layer along with that of bulk silicon takes place. The rate of
  • oxide on the nanopatterned silicon surface. Additionally, the post-bombardment growth of silicon oxide on nanopatterned silicon leads to site-dependent growth of native oxide, which is useful for producing hysteresis in surface current–voltage characteristic measurements [50][51]. The preferential
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Published 31 Mar 2025

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

  • Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
  • Dylan Maguire and
  • Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

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Published 27 Mar 2025

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

  • Ravinder Lamba,
  • Gaurav Bhanjana,
  • Neeraj Dilbaghi,
  • Vivek Gupta and
  • Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

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  • . (2025) https://BioRender.com/g83x775. Afterwards it was adapted with PowerPoint. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Funding The authors thank the MoE, Government of India, for a research grant vide letter No. SPARC/2019-2020/P2065/SL, dated 28-07-2023. Mr. Ravinder Lamba is thankful to UGC, Govt
  • . of India for providing SRF vide letter number 1399/(CSIR-UGC NET JUNE 2019) dated 16 December 2019. Dr. Gaurav Bhanjana is thankful to CSIR, Govt. of India for providing CSIR-SRA (No. B-12998 dated 31 March 2023). Sandeep Kumar thanks the Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University) for
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Published 26 Mar 2025

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

  • Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
  • Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
  • Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
  • Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

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  • nanofibers provide topographic guidance to cells, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Most importantly, aligned fibers are a prominent type of nanofiber that closely mimics the fibers in the ECM of native tissue [194]. Radially aligned nanofiber patches of chitosan/PVA with thyme essential
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Published 26 Feb 2025

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

  • Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
  • Aishwarya Banakar,
  • Shriram Narayan Puranik,
  • Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
  • C. R. Ravikumar and
  • Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

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  • producing ZnO NPs using indigenous LAB isolated from native breed cow curd from very remote regions of North Karnataka (India), which displayed notable antibacterial activity. Here, people consume curd regularly in their diet. The curd is prepared by traditional methods, and, for several decades, the same
  • , suggesting their potential utility in environmental contexts and as biomedical coatings. Conclusion This work effectively proved the use of native lactic acid bacteria as capping and reducing agents in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. The NPs exhibited potential structural, optical, and biological qualities
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Published 30 Jan 2025

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

  • Norma Salvadores Farran,
  • Limin Wang,
  • Primoz Pirih and
  • Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

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  • by modeling is consistent with the measured peak reflectance in original and templated scales (original: <10, template: >10, referred to a diffuse white standard (Figure 1 and Figure 4c). The measured spectra, both of the native templates and the replica, are broader than those produced by the
  • the replica, and the increase of the fill fraction. The measured reflectance spectra, both of the native templates and the replicas, are broader than those produced by the idealized model. This difference is partially attributed to the measurement geometry: While the model assumes a plane wave, in the
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Published 02 Jan 2025

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

  • Julia E. Poletaeva,
  • Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
  • Alina E. Grigor’eva,
  • Ilya S. Dovydenko and
  • Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

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  • ) in fetal bovine serum and newborn bovine serum; native sera served as a control. To isolate photomodified bio-NPs, we used ultracentrifugation (UC), sucrose gradient (12%, 30%, and 50%), and sucrose cushion (30%) methods. Isolated bio-NPs were visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The
  • (photomodification) could result in the fixation of serum proteins originally bound to the bio-NPs’ surface, that is, the fixation of the “natural” protein corona. We did not isolate bio-NPs beforehand, instead we worked with solutions of native sera. Figure 2 shows the workflow of our experiments for obtaining bio
  • in the ultrastructure of bio-NPs comparing with native sera were detected (Figure 3 and Figure 4). Incubation of FBS and NBS with PACL and subsequent UV irradiation resulted in the appearance of an electron-dense material adsorbed directly onto the bio-NPs’ surface (Figure 4a–o). The material
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Published 30 Dec 2024

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

  • Hugo Felix Perini,
  • Beatriz Sodré Matos,
  • Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
  • Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

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  • Biomimetic nanocarriers, engineered to mimic the characteristics of native cells, offer a revolutionary approach in the treatment of various complex human diseases. This strategy enhances drug delivery by leveraging the innate properties of cellular components, thereby improving biocompatibility and
  • replicating the characteristics or functions of native cells [19]. Nanoparticle coating involves obtaining nanoparticles (Figure 1-2A), which can be organic or inorganic in structure (Figure 2A), and conjugating them with functional ligands (Figure 1-2B) or biological structures, such as cell membranes
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Published 16 Dec 2024

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

  • Fabio Le Piane,
  • Mario Vozza,
  • Matteo Baldoni and
  • Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

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Published 27 Nov 2024

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

  • Iqra Rahat,
  • Pooja Yadav,
  • Aditi Singhal,
  • Mohammad Fareed,
  • Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
  • Mohammed Aslam,
  • Raju Balaji,
  • Sonali Patil-Shinde and
  • Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

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  • . fabricated RGD ligand-directed PLHNPs for site-specific delivery of CUR to treat melanoma [83]. The CUR-RGD-PLHNPs showed small PS, low polydispersity index (PDI), high ZP, and high EE. The CUR-RGD-PLHNPs showed 4.3 times higher cellular internalization in HUVECs cells than the native counterpart. Apoptotic
  • controlled drug release characteristics for up to 48 h. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was determined in MCF-7 tumor-bearing BALB/c female mice. The developed PLHNPs revealed much better tumor inhibition potential than the native compound. Altogether, developing psoralen-encapsulated PLHNPs significantly
  • bioavailability after oral ingestion in male Albino rats compared to native baicalin suspension. These findings highlight the potential of PLHNPs systems in improving the therapeutic potential of poorly soluble compounds like baicalin. Silymarin Silymarin is a flavonoid complex extracted from the seeds of Silybum
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Published 22 Nov 2024

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

  • Silvana Piersanti,
  • Gianandrea Salerno,
  • Wencke Krings,
  • Stanislav Gorb and
  • Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

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  • role in maintaining olfactory acuity. Böröczky et al. [19] demonstrated that antennal grooming removes not only foreign chemicals but also excess native cuticular lipids that may interfere with olfaction, thereby maintaining the olfactory sensitivity of the antennae. In insects, body cleaning devices
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Published 16 Oct 2024

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C60 fullerene derivatives

  • Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
  • Dora Iliana Medina,
  • Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
  • Marlene Bosquez,
  • Roberto Salcedo and
  • Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

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  • isolated drugs, as well as of those modified with fullerenes C60 and C60–COOH, interacting with the protein CXCR7. Docking score, number of established H-bonds, and protein–ligand interacting residue in three-letter symbol, up to 3 Å distance. Drugs marked with an asterisk were used as external validation
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Published 19 Sep 2024

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

  • Katja Höflich,
  • Krzysztof Maćkosz,
  • Chinmai S. Jureddy,
  • Aleksei Tsarapkin and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

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  • precursors were cleaned after each use. The cleaning involved mechanical wiping using acetone-wetted tissues, followed by a sequence of sonification in acetone and ethanol, and dry-blowing with nitrogen. Depositions were carried out on silicon with native oxide. The silicon substrates were cleaned using a
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Published 26 Aug 2024

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

  • Mattia Bartoli,
  • Francesca Cardano,
  • Erik Piatti,
  • Stefania Lettieri,
  • Andrea Fin and
  • Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

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  • they still remain far below those of graphene. Last, GO and rGO show good interactions with polymeric matrices thanks to specific surface functionalizations [51]. Carbon nanotubes CNTs are an allotropic state of carbon discovered in the middle of the 20th century [52][53][54][55], which became famous
  • and bacteria targeting is crucial for engineering coating solutions. Similarly, Al-Saadi et al. [113] used CVD for coating a nickel–copper alloy with multilayered graphene, showing the effectiveness of carbon coatings in replacing the native protective oxide layer of the alloy and in reducing the
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Published 16 Aug 2024
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