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Search for "pyrrolidinone" in Full Text gives 28 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Multivalent display of the antimicrobial peptides BP100 and BP143
- Imma Güell,
- Rafael Ferre,
- Kasper K. Sørensen,
- Esther Badosa,
- Iteng Ng-Choi,
- Emilio Montesinos,
- Eduard Bardají,
- Lidia Feliu,
- Knud J. Jensen and
- Marta Planas
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2106–2117, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.237
- solvent for all the couplings except for Fmoc-Phe-OH and Fmoc-D-Phe-OH, which were coupled in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Each coupling step was repeated twice. The Fmoc group was removed by treating the resin with piperidine/DMF (2:3, 3 min) followed by two treatments of piperidine/DMF (1:4, 12 + 15
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structure of the carbopeptides 1–3.
Scheme 1: Solid-phase synthesis of the peptide aldehydes 4 and 5.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of the carbopeptides 1–3.
Figure 2: Kinetics of bactericidal activity on E. amylovora and S. enterica in the presence of peptides and c...
Figure 3: CD spectra of (a) carbopeptide 1 and of (b) carbopeptide 3 in: (i) 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at...
Mitomycins syntheses: a recent update
- Jean-Christophe Andrez
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 33, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.33
- ) [114]. 5.4. Parson. Radical cyclization The development of novel cascade (or domino) radical reactions is an active area of current research, and one approach to the mitomycin ring system focused on the application of 1-6-hydrogen atom transfer to create a pyrrolidinone radical, which could then
- isolated. This route allowed a convergent approach to the mitomycins via a tandem radical cyclisation process. It also provided an elegant approach to an intermediate pyrrolidinone radical, which proved impossible to access from a classical halogen-atom transfer route because of the difficulty in preparing
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Aziridine containing natural products.
Scheme 2: Mitomycin structures and nomenclature.
Scheme 3: Base catalysed epimerization of mitomycin B.
Scheme 4: Biosynthesis of mitomycin C (MMC) 7.
Scheme 5: Mode of action of mitomycin C.
Scheme 6: The N–C3–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 7: Danishefsky’s Retrosynthesis of mitomycin K.
Scheme 8: Hetero Diels–Alder reaction en route to mitomycins.
Scheme 9: Nitroso Diels–Alder cycloaddition.
Scheme 10: Frank azide cycloadddition.
Scheme 11: Final steps of mitomycin K synthesis. aPDC, DCM; bPhSCH2N3, PhH, 80 °C; cL-selectride, THF, −78 °C; ...
Scheme 12: Naruta–Maruyama retrosynthesis.
Scheme 13: Synthesis of a leucoaziridinomitosane by nitrene cycloaddition. aAlCl3-Et2O; bNaH, ClCH2OMe; cn-BuL...
Scheme 14: Thermal decomposition of azidoquinone 51.
Scheme 15: Diastereoselectivity during the cycloaddition.
Scheme 16: Oxidation with iodo-azide.
Scheme 17: Williams’ approach towards mitomycins.aDEIPSCl, Imidazole, DCM; bPd/C, HCO2NH4, MeOH; cAllocCl, NaH...
Scheme 18: Synthesis of pyrrolidones by homoconjugate addition.
Scheme 19: Homoconjugate addition on the fully functionalized substrate.
Scheme 20: Introduction of the olefin.
Scheme 21: Retrosynthesis of N–C9a, N–C3 bond formation.
Scheme 22: Synthesis of the pyrrolo[1,2]indole 82 using N-PSP activation.aAc2O, Py; bAc2O, Hg(OAc)2, AcOH, 90%...
Scheme 23: Synthesis of an aziridinomitosane. am-CPBA, DCM then iPr2NH, CCl4 reflux; bK2CO3, MeOH; cBnBr, KH; d...
Scheme 24: Oxidation products of a leucoaziridinomitosane obtained from a Polonovski oxidation.
Scheme 25: Polonovski oxidation of an aziridinomitosane. am-CPBA; bPd/C, H2; cDimethoxypropane, PPTS.
Scheme 26: The C1–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 27: Ziegler synthesis of desmethoxymitomycin A.aIm2C=O, THF; bNH3; cTMSOTf, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine, ...
Scheme 28: Transformation of sodium erythorbate.aTBDMSCl; bNaN3; cPPh3; d(Boc)2O, DMAP; eTBAF; fTf2O, Pyr.
Scheme 29: Formation of C9,C10-unsaturation in the mitomycins. am-CPBA, DCM; bO3, MeOH; cMe2S; dKHMDS, (EtO)3P...
Scheme 30: Fragmentation mechanism.
Scheme 31: Michael addition-cyclisation.
Scheme 32: SmI2 8-endo-dig cyclisation.
Scheme 33: Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole by 5-exo-dig radical cyclization.
Scheme 34: The C9–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 35: Intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition.
Scheme 36: Regioselectivity of the INOC.
Scheme 37: Fukuyama’s INOC strategy.
Scheme 38: Synthesis of a mitosane core by rearrangement of a 1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3-butadiene.
Scheme 39: Sulikowski synthesis of an aziridinomitosene. aPd(Tol3P)2Cl2, Bu3SnF, 140; bH2, Pd/C; cTFAA, Et3N; d...
Scheme 40: Enantioselective carbene insertion.
Scheme 41: Parson’s radical cyclization.
Scheme 42: Cha’s mitomycin B core synthesis.
Scheme 43: The N-aromatic disconnection.
Scheme 44: Kishi retrosynthesis.
Scheme 45: Kishi synthesis of a starting material. aallyl bromide, K2CO3, acetone, reflux; bN,N-Dimethylanilin...
Scheme 46: Kishi synthesis of MMC 7. aLDA, THF, −78 °C then PhSeBr, THF, −78 °C; bH2O2, THF-EtOAc; cDIBAL, DCM...
Scheme 47: Acid catalyzed degradation of MMC 7.
Scheme 48: In vivo formation of apomitomycin B.
Scheme 49: Advanced intermediate for apomitomycin B synthesis.
Scheme 50: Remers synthesis of a functionalized mitosene. aTMSCl, Et3N, ZnCl2 then NBS; bAcOK; cNH2OH; dPd/C, H...
Scheme 51: Coleman synthesis of desmethoxymitomycin A. aSnCl2, PhSH, Et3N, CH3CN; bClCO2Bn, Et3N; cPPh3, DIAD,...
Scheme 52: Transition state and pyrrolidine synthesis.
Scheme 53: Air oxidation of mitosanes and aziridinomitosanes.
Scheme 54: The C9-aromatic disconnection.
Scheme 55: Synthesis of the aziridine precursor. aLHMDS, THF; bNaOH; c(s)-α-Me-BnNH2, DCC, HOBT; dDIBAL; eK2CO3...
Scheme 56: Synthesis of 206 via enamine conjugate addition.
Scheme 57: Rapoport synthesis of an aziridinomitosene.
Scheme 58: One pot synthesis of a mitomycin analog.
Scheme 59: Synthesis of compound 218 via intramolecular Heck coupling. aEtMgCl, THF, then 220; bMsCl, Et3N; cN...
Scheme 60: Elaboration of indole 223. aEt3N, Ac2O; bAcOH; cSOCl2, Et3N; dNaN3, DMF; eH2SO4, THF; fK2CO3, MeOH; ...
Scheme 61: C9-C9a functionalization from indole.
Scheme 62: Synthesis of mitomycin K. a2 equiv. MoO5.HMPA, MeOH; bPPh3, Et3N, THF-H2O; cMeOTf, Py, DCM; dMe3SiCH...
Scheme 63: Configurational stability of mitomycin K derivatives.
Scheme 64: Epimerization of carbon C9a in compound 227b.
Scheme 65: Corey–Chaykovsky synthesis of indol 235.
Scheme 66: Cory intramolecular aza-Darzens reaction for the formation of aziridinomitosene 239.
Scheme 67: Jimenez synthesis of aziridinomitosene 242.
Scheme 68: Von Braun opening of indoline 244.
Scheme 69: C9a oxidation of an aziridinomitosane with DDQ/OsO4.
Scheme 70: Synthesis of epi-mitomycin K. aNaH, Me2SO4; bH2, Pd/C; cMitscher reagent [165]; d[(trimethylsilyl)methyl...
Scheme 71: Mitomycins rearrangement.
Scheme 72: Fukuyama’s retrosynthesis.
Scheme 73: [2+3] Cycloaddition en route to isomitomycin A. aToluene, 110 °C; bDIBAL, THF, −78 °C; cAc2O, Py.; d...
Scheme 74: Final steps of Fukuyama’s synthesis.
Scheme 75: “Crisscross annulation”.
Scheme 76: Synthesis of 274; the 8-membered ring 274 was made using a crisscross annulation. a20% Pd(OH)2/C, H2...
Scheme 77: Conformational analysis of compound 273 and 275.
Scheme 78: Synthesis of a mitomycin analog. aNa2S2O4, H2O, DCM; bBnBr (10 equiv), K2CO3, 18-crown-6 (cat.), TH...
Scheme 79: Vedejs retrosynthesis.
Scheme 80: Formation of the azomethine ylide.
Scheme 81: Vedejs second synthesis of an aziridinomitosene. aDIBAL; bTPAP, NMO; c287; dTBSCl, imidazole.
Scheme 82: Trityl deprotection and new aziridine protecting group 300.
Scheme 83: Ene reaction towards benzazocinones.
Scheme 84: Benzazocenols via homo-Brook rearrangement.
Scheme 85: Pt-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition.
Scheme 86: Carbonylative lactamization entry to benzazocenols. aZn(OTf)2, (+)-N-methylephedrine, Et3N, TMS-ace...
Scheme 87: 8 membered ring formation by RCM. aBOC2O, NaHCO3; bTBSCl, Imidazole, DMF; callyl bromide, NaH, DMF; ...
Scheme 88: Aziridinomitosene synthesis. aTMSN3; bTFA; cPOCl3, DMF; dNaClO2, NaH2PO4, 2-methyl-2-butene; eMeI, ...
Scheme 89: Metathesis from an indole.
Scheme 90: Synthesis of early biosynthetic intermediates of mitomycins.
Reactions of glycidyl derivatives with ambident nucleophiles; part 2: amino acid derivatives
- Gerald Dyker,
- Andreas Thöne and
- Gerald Henkel
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 28, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-28
- substrates will be sufficiently understood. Structure of oxidation product 10a in the crystal. Planned construction for morpholinones 3 from amino acid and glycidyl derivatives 1 and 2. R1, R3 = H, Alkyl, Aryl; R2 = H, Acyl; X = leaving group: Cl, Br, I, p-OTs. Synthesis of pyrrolidinone-fused heterocycles
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Planned construction for morpholinones 3 from amino acid and glycidyl derivatives 1 and 2. R1, R3 =...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of pyrrolidinone-fused heterocycles from a glycidyl substituted pyroglutamic acid ester 5...
Figure 1: Structure of oxidation product 10a in the crystal.
Scheme 3: Special product conformers, by-products and intermediates of the transformation of 7.
