Recent advances in amidyl radical-mediated photocatalytic direct intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer

• Hao-Sen Wang,
• Lin Li,
• Xin Chen,
• Jian-Li Wu,
• Kai Sun,
• Xiao-Lan Chen,
• Ling-Bo Qu and
• Bing Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1306–1323, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.100

• demonstrated the homolytic cleavage of the N–O bond using N-(tert-butyl)-O-(1-phenylvinyl)-phenylhydroxyamide as a HAT reagent [78][79]. This compound was capable of initiating the formation of amidyl radicals through visible light activation. Although their controlled experiments showed that this method was

Synthetic approach to borrelidin fragments: focus on key intermediates

• Yudhi Dwi Kurniawan,
• Zetryana Puteri Tachrim,
• Teni Ernawati,
• Faris Hermawan,
• Ima Nurasiyah and
• Muhammad Alfin Sulmantara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1135–1160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.91

• % yield over three steps. This compound was isolated in its pure form as a white solid after recrystallization from ethanol, confirmed by HPLC and NMR. In parallel, the primary alcohol group of ent-38 was protected as a TBDMS ether, and the acetate group was converted to a tosyl ester by hydrolyzing the

• acetate functionality using potassium carbonate in methanol, followed by reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine and DMAP. The product, ent-43, was obtained in 79.5% yield over three steps. This compound was reduced using LiAlH4 and treated with TBAF to remove the TBDMS group, yielding alcohol ent-40 in

• the late stage coupling with 137 was prepared from the known lactone 138 (Scheme 21). Following a literature procedure, compound 139 was obtained from lactone 138 and subsequently treated with CrO3 to yield ketone 140 in 90% yield [55]. The ketone moiety of this compound was then reacted with a Wittig

On the photoluminescence in triarylmethyl-centered mono-, di-, and multiradicals

• Daniel Straub,
• Markus Gross,
• Mona E. Arnold,
• Julia Zolg and
• Alexander J. C. Kuehne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 964–998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.80

Studies on the syntheses of β-carboline alkaloids brevicarine and brevicolline

• Benedek Batizi,
• Patrik Pollák,
• András Dancsó,
• Péter Keglevich,
• Gyula Simig,
• Balázs Volk and
• Mátyás Milen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 955–963, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.79

• ) were also ineffective. Based on literature data [42][43], we attempted the selective reduction of the pyrrole ring of compound 30 with NaCNBH3 in TFA as well. Surprisingly, trifluoroethylated product 32 was isolated. The formation of this compound can also be explained on the basis of analogies

Study of tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine as donor in D–A photocatalysts

• Katy Medrano-Uribe,
• Jorge Humbrías-Martín and
• Luca Dell’Amico

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 935–944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.76

• electron-withdrawing group [31]. Additionally, it is possible that the mobility of core 4 contributes to this behavior, as evidenced by the observation that the DE is not present in the more rigid structures 5a and 6a. In this compound, we did not observe changes in the absorption profile during the

Recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of organophosphorus compounds

• Babak Kaboudin,
• Milad Behroozi,
• Sepideh Sadighi and
• Fatemeh Asgharzadeh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 770–797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.61

Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of aromatic and γ-branched amino acids via a chiral Ni(II) complex

• Maurizio Iannuzzi,
• Thomas Hohmann,
• Michael Dyrks,
• Kilian Haoues,
• Katarzyna Salamon-Krokosz and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 659–669, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.52

• configuration was determined by analyzing the 1H NMR spectrum in the δ = 2.8–1.7 ppm region, which displayed the characteristic diastereotopic hydrogen atoms of this compound, as previously reported by Biava et al. [15]. Unfortunately, the corresponding (2S,4S)-isomer 12b was intractable for isolation (yield

Semisynthetic derivatives of massarilactone D with cytotoxic and nematicidal activities

• Rémy B. Teponno,
• Sara R. Noumeur and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 607–615, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.48

• -carbonyl group was linked through an ester bond and the only hydroxy group available for this esterification was the one at C-7. This compound was finally elucidated as massarilactone D 3,4-di-O-methacryloyl-7-O-(6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbonyl). For the formation of compound 2, an

Formaldehyde surrogates in multicomponent reactions

• Cecilia I. Attorresi,
• Javier A. Ramírez and
• Bernhard Westermann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 564–595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.45

• which, after MMS formation, this reactive species is subsequently captured by the stabilized Cu(II) enolate of the ketone, to provide an α,β-unsaturated ketone intermediate F. This compound condenses with the aniline component to give an imine G that follows a cyclization and aromatization cascade

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides

• Ayesha Saeed,
• Shahana Ehsan,
• Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,
• Erin M. Marshall,
• Sandra Loesgen,
• Abdus Saleem,
• Simone Giovannuzzi and
• Claudiu T. Supuran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.25

• types of CAs (CA II, CA IX and CA XII). Among these low active compounds, the highest inhibition (Ki = 72.9 μM) was shown by compound 7b for the CA IX type. This compound also exhibited low to negligible inhibition with Ki values of 77.4 and 90.9 μM for CA XII and CA II, respectively. The compounds with

Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions

• Henrich Szabados and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6

Synthesis, structure and π-expansion of tris(4,5-dehydro-2,3:6,7-dibenzotropone)

• Yongming Xiong,
• Xue Lin Ma,
• Shilong Su and
• Qian Miao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1–7, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.1

• Abstract The polycyclic skeleton of tris(4,5-dehydro-2,3:6,7-dibenzotropone) is a key structural fragment in carbon schwarzites, a theoretical form of negatively curved carbon allotrope. This report presents a new synthesis of this compound using a Ni-mediated Yamamoto coupling reaction and structural

• HOMO level (−5.47 eV). Conclusion In conclusion, we developed a new synthesis of tris(4,5-dehydro-2,3:6,7-dibenzotropone) (1) through a Ni-mediated Yamamoto coupling reaction. Upon crystallization from the same solution in hexane, this compound yielded colorless and yellow crystal polymorphs, adopting

Synthesis of acenaphthylene-fused heteroarenes and polyoxygenated benzo[j]fluoranthenes via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura/C–H arylation cascade

• Merve Yence,
• Dilgam Ahmadli,
• Damla Surmeli,
• Umut Mert Karacaoğlu,
• Sujit Pal and
• Yunus Emre Türkmen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3290–3298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.273

• synthesis of highly electron-rich benzo[j]fluoranthenes. However, before moving to this compound class, we wanted to confirm the success of our methodology on a model electron-rich substrate. For this purpose, we checked the reaction between 1,8-diiodonaphthalene (12) and 2,3-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid

• this purpose, we first concentrated our efforts on the synthesis of highly electron-rich benzo[j]fluoranthene 18 possessing four methoxy groups (Scheme 2). This compound was previously synthesized by Swieca and Spiteller in six steps (longest linear sequence, LLS) starting from 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene

• -dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN, 19) [48][55], by N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in 87% yield (Scheme 2). Afterwards, naphthylboronic ester 22 was obtained via the Miyaura borylation [44] of iodonaphthalene 21 in 62% yield. Whereas this compound acts as the boronic ester coupling partner of our fluoranthene synthesis

Synthesis of 2H-azirine-2,2-dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives

• Anastasiya V. Agafonova,
• Mikhail S. Novikov and
• Alexander F. Khlebnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3191–3197, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.264

• -azirine-2,2-dicarboxylic acid derivative, dimethyl 3-phenyl-2H-azirine-2,2-dicarboxylate, has been reported to date. This compound was prepared by a Rh2(Piv)4-catalyzed isomerization of methyl 5-methoxy-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxylate [19]. The described linear synthesis, unfortunately, allows obtaining

N-Glycosides of indigo, indirubin, and isoindigo: blue, red, and yellow sugars and their cancerostatic activity

• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2840–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.240

• of non-glycosylated carboindirubin E-43f in 86% yield by reaction of indan-1-one (42a) with isatin using sodium carbonate in methanol (Scheme 28) [40]. For this compound, only moderate or no antiproliferative activities were observed against various cancer cell lines. 3-Alkylideneoxindole-N

• viability and in induction of apoptosis [50]. The presence of this compound results in downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP via caspase-8 and caspase-3 in the (extrinsic) apoptosis cascade. Similarly as discussed above for the activity of 3-alkylideneoxindole-N-glycosides

• activity was observed against HCEC. The activities were higher as compared to those observed for selenoindirubin-N-glycosides β-38a–h employed in the same assay. Kornienko et al. reported the reaction of isatin with thiohydantoin (47a) to give condensation product 48e (Scheme 31) [40]. This compound only

Synthesis of spiroindolenines through a one-pot multistep process mediated by visible light

• Francesco Gambuti,
• Jacopo Pizzorno,
• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Renata Riva and
• Lisa Moni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2722–2731, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.230

• reacts with an isocyanide and an electron-rich aniline in a three-component Ugi-type reaction to give an α-aminoamidine. This compound might undergo an additional visible light-mediated oxidation to furnish a second iminium intermediate, which acts as electrophile in an intramolecular electrophilic

• -THIQ is transformed into iminium ion 1a, this compound instantly takes part in the Ugi-type reaction with 3,5-dimethoxyaniline and t-BuNC giving the α-aminoamidine 2d. After 4 h, 2d starts to be converted slowly into the final product 3d, thanks to a second oxidation and a final cyclization. This study

Base-promoted cascade recyclization of allomaltol derivatives containing an amide fragment into substituted 3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)tetronic acids

• Andrey N. Komogortsev,
• Constantine V. Milyutin and
• Boris V. Lichitsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2585–2591, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.217

• [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. For example, 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxypyran-4-one (kojic acid) is a well-known skin whitening agent extensively used in the cosmetic, medicine and food industries. The action of this compound is based on inhibition of tyrosinase activity, which helps to protect

Anion-dependent ion-pairing assemblies of triazatriangulenium cation that interferes with stacking structures

• Yohei Haketa,
• Takuma Matsuda and
• Hiromitsu Maeda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2567–2576, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.215

• (100), 595.3 (40), 596.3 (10), [M − BF4]+ calcd for C43H36N3, 594.29; (negative) 86.0 (20), 87.0 (100); [M – C43H36N3]− calcd for BF4, 87.00. This compound was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 4,8,12-Tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,8,12-triazatriangulenium as a PF6− ion

• (0.21); MALDI–TOF MS (m/z) (% intensity): (positive) 594.3 (100), 595.3 (40), 596.3 (10), [M − F6P]+ calcd for C43H36N3, 594.29; (negative) 145.1 (100), [M − C49H30N3]− calcd for F6P, 144.96. This compound was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 4,8,12-Tris(2,6

• –TOF MS (m/z) (% intensity): (positive) 594.3 (100), 595.3 (40), 596.3 (10), [M − C24BF20]+ calcd for C43H36N3, 594.29; (negative) 678.0 (20), 679.0 (100), 680.0 (20), [M – C43H36N3]– calcd for C24BF20, 678.98. This compound was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 4,8,12

Phenylseleno trifluoromethoxylation of alkenes

• Clément Delobel,
• Armen Panossian,
• Gilles Hanquet,
• Frédéric R. Leroux,
• Fabien Toulgoat and
• Thierry Billard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2434–2441, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.207

• not improve the results (Table 1, entry 4). A better yield was obtained by adding first the phenylselenyl chloride and stirring the mixture for 15 min at 0 °C before adding 1a (Table 1, entry 5). During all these reactions the formation of compound 3a was observed as by-product. This compound results

Evaluating the halogen bonding strength of a iodoloisoxazolium(III) salt

• Dominik L. Reinhard,
• Anna Schmidt,
• Marc Sons,
• Julian Wolf,
• Elric Engelage and
• Stefan M. Huber

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2401–2407, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.204

• donors in recent years. Herein, a new structural motif for this compound class was developed: iodoloisoxazolium salts, bearing a cyclic five-membered iodolium core fused with an isoxazole ring. A derivative of this class was synthesized and investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography

Synthesis, electrochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of sterically hindered catechols with 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, thiazole or pyridine fragments

• Daria A. Burmistrova,
• Andrey Galustyan,
• Nadezhda P. Pomortseva,
• Kristina D. Pashaeva,
• Maxim V. Arsenyev,
• Oleg P. Demidov,
• Mikhail A. Kiskin,
• Andrey I. Poddel’sky,
• Nadezhda T. Berberova and
• Ivan V. Smolyaninov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2378–2391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.202

• participation of the catechol group in the first redox transition, the microelectrolysis of 3 was carried out at a controlled potential of 1.35 V in MeCN (2 h, 0.8 F/mol). After electrolysis, a decrease in the current intensity of the first oxidation peak is observed on the CVs of this compound (conversion

Hydrogen-bond activation enables aziridination of unactivated olefins with simple iminoiodinanes

• Phong Thai,
• Lauv Patel,
• Diyasha Manna and
• David C. Powers

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2305–2312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.197

• and PIDA [30][33]. During this experiment, a small amount of hydrolysis product 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide was also observed (1.2 mM, signals at 8.0, 7.9, and 5.86 ppm), but this compound did not greatly contribute to the broadening of O–H proton signal of HFIP as a separate 4.0 mM sample

Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol

• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2171–2207, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.187

• than 500 entries to this compound. It was first isolated together with alternariol from Alternaria tenuis (synonymous to A. alternata) [33][54]. Its correct structure was proposed, based on chemical methods, shortly after [42] and was later unambiguously confirmed by total synthesis [62] and finally by

• NMR spectroscopy; no biological activity could be elucidated. Sabilactone (35) was isolated from the plant Sabina vulgaris Antoine [195][196], but no further information could be revealed for this compound. The strong resemblance of autumnariol (36) and autumnariniol (37) with alternariol and 4

• Pleosporales sp. [246]. The structure of decarboxyaltenusin was elucidated by chemical [37] and NMR-spectroscopic methods [210] and was later unambiguously confirmed by total synthesis [247]. This compound turned out to be cytotoxic against the human colorectal HCT116 cell line (IC50: 73 µM) [232], showed

From perfluoroalkyl aryl sulfoxides to ortho thioethers

• Yang Li,
• Guillaume Dagousset,
• Emmanuel Magnier and
• Bruce Pégot

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2108–2113, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.181

• difunctionalization led to lower yields (2e,f). The product of rearrangement 2a was oxidized into the sulfoxide and re-engaged under the optimized conditions to afford the compound of bis-rearrangement 2g in a good yield of 49%. This compound is then the result of an iterative rearrangement. Difluorinated sulfoxides

Multicomponent syntheses of pyrazoles via (3 + 2)-cyclocondensation and (3 + 2)-cycloaddition key steps

• Ignaz Betcke,
• Alissa C. Götzinger,
• Maryna M. Kornet and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2024–2077, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.178