Lateral ordering of PTCDA on the clean and the oxygen pre-covered Cu(100) surface investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction

• Stefan Gärtner,
• Benjamin Fiedler,
• Oliver Bauer,
• Antonela Marele and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2055–2064, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.213

• in view of the surface reactivity of Cu(100). However, the two experiments came to slightly different conclusions concerning the dissociation: Schmidt et al. interpret their X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal programed desorption (TPD) data by a loss of the two anhydride O atoms of

• ordered structure. Data reported in the literature does not give a firm proof of a dissociative adsorption of PTCDA on Cu(100). The XPS measurements by Schmidt et al. were carried out with PTCDA on a polycrystalline copper foil [8]. Therefore the result that the ratio C:O is about 6:1 instead of 4:1 for a

Molecular recognition of surface-immobilized carbohydrates by a synthetic lectin

• Melanie Rauschenberg,
• Eva-Corrina Fritz,
• Christian Schulz,
• Tobias Kaufmann and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1354–1364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.138

• verified by contact angle and XPS measurements (see Supporting Information File 1) which are in accordance with literature data [42]. The µCP protocol to fabricate carbohydrate microarrays was optimized to provide a highly effective combination of stamp, ink and substrate. In view of the fact that the

• Supporting Information File 1. Further information on the printing process was obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Si-wafers functionalized with an epoxide-terminated SAM and printed with NANA ink using a PEG coated flat stamp (see Figure S3 and Figure S4 in Supporting Information File 1

• software Drop Shape Analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded on a Kratos Axis Ultra system (Kratos Analytical, Manchester/UK). Monochromatized Al Ka radiation (1486.6 eV) as the excitation source and a pass energy of 20 meV for narrow scans were used. The

Silver and gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

• Giorgio Abbiati and
• Elisabetta Rossi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 481–513, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.46

• aryl and alkylaldehydes, cyclic secondary amines, and electron-rich arylacetylenes, affording the corresponding tertiary propargylamines in very good yields. On the basis of experiments with a reduced catalytic system and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the authors suggested that Au(III) is the

Gallium-containing polymer brush film as efficient supported Lewis acid catalyst in a glass microreactor

• Rajesh Munirathinam,
• Roberto Ricciardi,
• Richard J. M. Egberink,
• Jurriaan Huskens,
• Michael Holtkamp,
• Herbert Wormeester,
• Uwe Karst and
• Willem Verboom

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1698–1704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.194

• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS revealed the presence of one gallium per 2–3 styrene sulfonate groups of the polymer brushes. The catalytic activity of the Lewis acid-functionalized brushes in a microreactor was demonstrated for the dehydration of oximes, using cinnamaldehyde oxime as a

• , respectively [21]. The intensity of these peaks remained the same, after activation with HCl and upon treatment with GaCl3, indicating that the sulfonic acid moieties are still intact. Proof for the functionalization with gallium, however, was obtained by XPS spectroscopy. The atomic composition of the polymer

• nitriles and the ring closure of ortho-hydroxy oximes to the corresponding oxazoles. In general, our catalytic system showed faster conversions for most substrates than using lab scale conditions. XPS data, obtained on a flat silicon oxide surface, showed that on average one gallium per 2–3 styrene

A³-Coupling catalyzed by robust Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline films

• Jian-Lin Huang,
• Derek G. Gray and
• Chao-Jun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1388–1396, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.155

• novel nanocomposite catalyst AuNPs@HS-CNC. The uniform, fine AuNPs were made by the reduction of HAuCl4 solution with thiol (HS-) group-functionalized CNC films. The AuNPs@HS-CNC nanocomposites were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), TEM, ATR-IR and solid-state NMR. Characterizations

• synthesized by using a modified procedure reported by Tingaut et al. Only the method of thiol functionalized CNC support (HS-CNC) is different from that reported by MacLachlan et al. (see Methods for the details about the catalyst preparation). Structure characterizations The XPS spectra (Figure 1

• diminish the environmental impact of such reactions. Other immobilized metallic nanoparticle catalysts could also be designed based on the present method, which offered more opportunities for greener organic synthesis. Au4f and S2p XPS spectra of the Au@HS-CNC (4.4 mol %) catalyst. TEM pictures of the HS

Simple and rapid hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with aqueous formic acid in catalytic flow reactors

• Rahat Javaid,
• Shin-ichiro Kawasaki,
• Akira Suzuki and
• Toshishige M. Suzuki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1156–1163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.129

• XPS analysis confirmed complete oxidation of the Pd surface to PdO, as presented in our previous study [13]. Hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol in the catalytic flow reactors The experimental setup of our flow reaction system is simple, as depicted in Figure 2, where a reactor tube loop was immersed in a

Towards a biocompatible artificial lung: Covalent functionalization of poly(4-methylpent-1-ene) (TPX) with cRGD pentapeptide

• Lena Möller,
• Christian Hess,
• Jiří Paleček,
• Yi Su,
• Axel Haverich,
• Andreas Kirschning and
• Gerald Dräger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 270–277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.33

• 2 with a methanolic solution of nitrene precursor 3, and then drying followed by UV irradiation (Hg lamp, 254 nm) initially did not lead to surface modification. The presence of F and N on the TPX membrane was not detectable by XPS analysis. The photoinduced reaction of azide 3 with cyclohexane

• insertion of the nitrene moiety. Irradiation with UV light at 312 nm clearly showed absorption generated from the π-system of the fluorinated phenyl ring (Figure 2). In contrast to this, nonfunctionalized foils did not show any absorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of functionalized

• be ascribed to the oxidative pretreatment with the forming-gas plasma. Fluorine and nitrogen were also detected on TPX derivative 4 (Figure 3b and 3c) by XPS measurements. The fluorine peak (F 1s at Ekin.= 562 eV) was undoubtedly related to the inserted linker because unmodified TPX membranes did not

Au(I)/Au(III)-catalyzed Sonogashira-type reactions of functionalized terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids under mild conditions

• Deyun Qian and
• Junliang Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 808–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.92

• step of this mechanism is the generation of cationic gold species B by Selectfluor®. In the absence of Selectfluor®, no coupling is possible (Table 1, entry 6). In a current study, Xu and co-workers have provided strong evidence for the oxidation of Au(I) to Au(III) by Selectfluor® in their XPS

Hoveyda–Grubbs type metathesis catalyst immobilized on mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15

• Hynek Balcar,
• Tushar Shinde,
• Naděžda Žilková and
• Zdeněk Bastl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 22–28, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.4

• found for ring-closing metathesis of 1,7-octadiene in cyclohexane – 0.04% of catalyst Ru content). Results of XPS, UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy showed that at least 76% of the Ru content was bound to the support surface non-covalently and could be removed from the catalyst by washing with THF. Keywords

• groups of the surface, instead of a weak physisorption. In order to shed light on the mode of complex attachment to the sieve surface, UV–vis and XPS spectra were measured. In Figure 6, the UV–vis spectra of 3/SBA-15 and 3 in CH2Cl2 are compared. The bands at λ = 375 nm and at λ = 600 nm (2 orders of

• solvent used. The lowest leaching was found for the RCM of 1,7-octadiene in cyclohexane – 0.04% of catalyst Ru content. On the other hand, for the RCM of diethyl diallylmalonate in dichloromethane, leaching reached 14% of initial Ru content in the catalysts. Results from UV–vis and XPS studies suggested

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• droplets [46]. XPS measurements on dialyzed samples confirmed the grafting of the polymerizable surfactant onto the surface of the particles. Matahwa et al. synthesized one cationic and one anionic polymerizable surfactant and copolymerized these with styrene and methyl methacrylate by RAFT in miniemulsion

Chromo- and fluorophoric water-soluble polymers and silica particles by nucleophilic substitution reaction of poly(vinyl amine)

• Katja Hofmann,
• Ingolf Kahle,
• Frank Simon and
• Stefan Spange

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 79, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.79

• particles was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements. Fluorescent silica particles were obtained as shown by fluorescence spectroscopy with a diffuse reflectance technique. Keywords: carbonitrile; cyclodextrin; fluorescence; hybridmaterials

• consecutive adsorption of PVAm and 1 onto silica particles. The adsorbed substances were reacted directly on the silica particle surface. The reaction products (yield on the surface of silica particles) were analyzed using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS method is very surface

• stretching vibrations at 2207 cm−1, 1651 cm−1 and 1372 cm−1 (νC≡N, νC=C and δCH) which are evidence for the adsorption of carbonitrile-functionalized PVAm. XPS spectra were taken from the unmodified silica, PVAm adsorbed onto silica and the fluorophore PVAm-modified silica particles 1-Si (Figure 2). Figure