Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances

• Zixiao Wang,
• Feichen Cui,
• Yang Sui and
• Jiajun Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1580–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.116

• of surfactants, which are also called emulsifiers within the first few minutes [26]. Emulsifiers such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids (soaps), salts of alkylbenzene sulfonates, and O-polyoxyethyleneated long-chain alcohols are used to change the two incompatible

• water phase and oil phase into an emulsion phase. The simultaneous presence of a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail on emulsifiers provides the ability to combine water and oil phase into an emulsion. In emulsion polymerization, high molecular weights can be achieved at fast polymerization rates

Nostochopcerol, a new antibacterial monoacylglycerol from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus

• Naoya Oku,
• Saki Hayashi,
• Yuji Yamaguchi,
• Hiroyuki Takenaka and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 133–138, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.13

• , phylum Pteridophyta) [29]. Monoacylglycerols are non-ionic surfactants derivable by hydrolysis of fat, and exhibit antibacterial [30], antifungal [30], antiviral [31], and antiprotozoal [32] activities. Due to these useful properties, they have found a wide range of industrial applications as emulsifiers

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/polysaccharide foams using saponin

• Max Petitjean and
• José Ramón Isasi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 78–88, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.7

• ]. Saponins, because of their amphiphilic nature, are known as natural surfactants [9]. They have been used as natural detergents, foaming agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers and wetting agents, for example [10]. The micelles produced will be different in size and shape as a function of the type of saponin

Constrained thermoresponsive polymers – new insights into fundamentals and applications

• Patricia Flemming,
• Alexander S. Münch,
• Andreas Fery and
• Petra Uhlmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2123–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.138

Easy access to a carbohydrate-based template for stimuli-responsive surfactants

• Thomas Holmstrøm,
• Daniel Raydan and
• Christian Marcus Pedersen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2788–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.229

• anomeric mixture of the building block was used for the synthesis of a molecule that could act as an emulsifier only in the presence of Zn2+ ions. Keywords: carbohydrates; emulsifiers; stimuli-responsive; surfactants; synthesis; Introduction Surfactants (surface-active agents) are molecules with both a

• hydrophilic and a lipophilic domain, thereby rendering them amphiphilic. This dual functionality gives surfactants unique properties such as being able to stabilize emulsions (emulsifiers) or forming large self-assembled aggregates that can take the shape of, for example, micelles or liposomes [1]. The latter

Olefin metathesis in multiblock copolymer synthesis

• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 218–235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.21

• –fragmentation chain transfer polymerization [33][34], and intermacromolecular reactions [35][36][37]. Though the properties of multiblock copolymers are far from being fully explored and understood, their applications already include adhesives, barrier materials, emulsifiers, impact modifiers, and materials for

Heterogeneous Pd catalysts as emulsifiers in Pickering emulsions for integrated multistep synthesis in flow chemistry

• Katharina Hiebler,
• Georg J. Lichtenegger,
• Manuel C. Maier,
• Eun Sung Park,
• Renie Gonzales-Groom,
• Bernard P. Binks and
• Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 648–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.52

• shown that the two sets of Pd-containing particles act as sole emulsifiers of various oils in stabilising oil-in-water emulsions. Emulsions stable to coalescence for at least six months can be prepared at low particle concentrations (<0.1 wt %). Future approaches will concentrate on the applicability of

Diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside: synthesis, derivatives and antimicrobial activity

• Henryk Myszka,
• Patrycja Sokołowska,
• Agnieszka Cieślińska,
• Andrzej Nowacki,
• Maciej Jaśkiewicz,
• Wojciech Kamysz and
• Beata Liberek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2310–2315, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.227

• ]. They produce a soap-like foam when shaken in aqueous solutions, which makes them useful as detergents, foaming agents and emulsifiers. Saponins are known for their structural diversity and a wide range of biological properties [2]. Among others, they display different pharmacological activities

Preparation of Pickering emulsions through interfacial adsorption by soft cyclodextrin nanogels

• Shintaro Kawano,
• Toshiyuki Kida,
• Mitsuru Akashi,
• Hirofumi Sato,
• Motohiro Shizuma and
• Daisuke Ono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2355–2364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.257

• Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.11.257 Abstract Background: Emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles are known as Pickering emulsions. To date, soft microgel particles as well as inorganic and organic particles have been utilized as Pickering emulsifiers. Although

• depends on the wettability of the particles against the two fluids, is related to the contact angle at the oil–water interface [2]. Although many reports have used inorganic [3][4] or organic particles [5][6] as Pickering emulsifiers, soft microgels, which are colloidal particles composed of swollen

• crosslinked polymers, have recently been demonstrated as Pickering emulsifiers with pH or thermo-responsive properties [7][8][9]. Such emulsions have potential in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic products. Moreover, emulsions stabilized by stimuli-responsive soft microgels should be applicable as templates

N-Alkyl derivatives of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside; synthesis and antimicrobial activity

• Agata Walczewska,
• Daria Grzywacz,
• Dorota Bednarczyk,
• Małgorzata Dawgul,
• Andrzej Nowacki,
• Wojciech Kamysz,
• Beata Liberek and
• Henryk Myszka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 869–874, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.97

• used as detergents, surfactants and emulsifiers. Moreover, they display a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antifungal, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities [2][3][4][5]. No wonder, saponins have been evaluated as vaccine adjuvants [6]. Despite the

Influence of cyclodextrin on the solubility of a classically prepared 2-vinylcyclopropane macromonomer in aqueous solution

• Helmut Ritter,
• Jia Cheng and
• Monir Tabatabai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1528–1535, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.173

• chains. Graft copolymers have found many applications, for example in the field of coatings, adhesives, compatibilizers, emulsifiers or biomaterials [1]. For the synthesis of graft copolymers, free radical copolymerization of macromonomers with suitable low molecular weight vinylmonomers is a widely

N-acylation of ethanolamine using lipase: a chemoselective catalyst

• Mazaahir Kidwai,
• Roona Poddar and
• Poonam Mothsra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 10, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.10

• microwave not only affects the selectivity but also the purity of the product [16]. Biosurfactants, an important class of compounds containing amide bonds, are potential substitutes of emulsifiers, which may be toxic [17][18]. Surfactants enter the environment in significant amounts through wastewater