Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

• Luke O. Jones,
• Leah Williams,
• Tasmin Boam,
• Martin Kalmet,
• Chidubem Oguike and
• Fiona L. Hatton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171

• . Common cryogel compositions include natural polymers such as gelatin and chitosan, and synthetic acrylamide-based polymers and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [12][13][14]. The reader is directed to a recent review by Thakor and co-workers which discusses cryogel synthesis in greater depth [15]. 2. Cryogel

• (see section 5.2). It has therefore been suggested that the ideal porosity for injectable cryogels is 91%. This figure was the suggested value for cryogels composed of methacrylated gelatin, therefore the value will change slightly with different chemical constituents [18]. For various applications of

• [11][33][39]. Thermoresponsive cryogels comprising oligoethylene glycol have also been reported with dual shape memory behaviour [40]. Natural polymers such as cellulose derivatives, chitosan, gelatin, and dextran exhibit temperature-responsive properties and have been used in cryogels. 3.2. pH

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides

• Giulio Fittolani,
• Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas,
• Denisa Vargová,
• Manishkumar A. Chaube and
• Martina Delbianco

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129

• (between 5 and 14) could be obtained tuning the concentration of glucose (2a) or cellobiose (2b) primer acceptor [65]. Polymerization conducted under macromolecular crowding conditions using water-soluble polymers produced hydrogels consisting of cellulose and gelatin networks [54][66][67][68][69]. A study

Chemical tuning of photoswitchable azobenzenes: a photopharmacological case study using nicotinic transmission

• Lorenzo Sansalone,
• Jun Zhao,
• Matthew T. Richers and
• Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2812–2821, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.274

• column (4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) monitored at 443 nm. Elution was isocratic (Figure S2 and Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1), or used a linear gradient (Figure 3), as specified. Both solvents contained 0.1% TFA. Cell culture and electrophysiology HEK293 cells were split and maintained in 0.1% gelatin

Fabrication of supramolecular cyclodextrin–fullerene nonwovens by electrospinning

• Hiroaki Yoshida,
• Ken Kikuta and
• Toshiyuki Kida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 89–95, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.10

• extend applications (Figure 4c and Figure S11 in Supporting Information File 1). Herein a biocompatible polymer (gelatin) was chosen as the polymer matrix because the polymer has good solubility in HFIP [34]. The solution was simply prepared by mixing gelatin/HFIP and γ-CD–C60/HFIP. The obtained solution

• of the complex into the polymer matrix does not affect the chemical structure of the inclusion complex or the electrospinning parameters of gelatin. Conclusion In conclusion, functionalized CD fiber materials are successfully prepared by direct electrospinning of CD–fullerene (γ-CD–C60, β-CD–C60 and

• electrospinning. Experimental β-CD (98%, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Japan), γ-CD (98%, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan), HFIP (99%, Fluorochem Ltd., UK), C60 (99.5%, Filgen Inc.), C70 (99%, Filgen Inc.), gelatin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Japan) were used in this study. Fullerenes were

Inclusion complexes of 2-methoxyestradiol with dimethylated and permethylated β-cyclodextrins: models for cyclodextrin–steroid interaction

• Mino R. Caira,
• Susan A. Bourne,
• Halima Samsodien and
• Vincent J. Smith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2616–2630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.281

• applications requiring elevated concentrations of 2ME. Comparative dissolution rate studies at 37 °C using the rotating basket method with samples in gelatin capsules were also carried out for pure 2ME and various preparations containing β-CD and 2ME (Figure 8), namely the hydrated 2:1 inclusion complex

• gelatin capsules and employing the procedures and instruments we described previously [9]. Recording of dissolution profiles was performed in triplicate. UV spectrophotometric anaysis of 2ME followed the procedure already described above. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to discriminate

Chemoselective O-acylation of hydroxyamino acids and amino alcohols under acidic reaction conditions: History, scope and applications

• Tor E. Kristensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 446–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.51

• proteins [25]. Combining these two characteristics of CF3CO2H, Bello and Vinograd then disclosed a method in 1956 for selective acetylation of hydroxy groups in gelatin [26]. In addition to this novel acetylation using acetic anhydride in CF3CO2H, the older method of Sakami and Toennies (HClO4-acetic

C–C Bond formation catalyzed by natural gelatin and collagen proteins

• Dennis Kühbeck,
• Basab Bijayi Dhar,
• Eva-Maria Schön,
• Carlos Cativiela,
• Vicente Gotor-Fernández and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1111–1118, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.123

• 33071, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.9.123 Abstract The activity of gelatin and collagen proteins towards C–C bond formation via Henry (nitroaldol) reaction between aldehydes and nitroalkanes is demonstrated for the first time. Among other variables, protein source, physical state and chemical modification

• other biocatalysts shows an increase of the first-order rate constant in the order chitosan < gelatin < bovine serum albumin (BSA) < collagen. The results of this study indicate that simple edible gelatin can promote C–C bond forming reactions under physiological conditions, which may have important

• implications from a metabolic perspective. Keywords: biocatalysis; carbon–carbon bond formation; gelatin; Henry reaction; protein; Introduction Gelatin is a mixture of hot-water-soluble proteins of high average molecular weights (50–100 kDa) derived primarily from collagen, which is the main naturally

An easily accessible sulfated saccharide mimetic inhibits in vitro human tumor cell adhesion and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells

• Grazia Marano,
• Claas Gronewold,
• Martin Frank,
• Anette Merling,
• Christian Kliem,
• Sandra Sauer,
• Manfred Wiessler,
• Eva Frei and
• Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 787–803, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.89

• cells were grown for several days, i.e., serum-free conditioned medium (SFCM). After separation of proteins by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel containing gelatin, the gelatinolytic activity can be determined after renaturation of the enzymes and visualized by staining the gel with Coomassie blue

• by Lowry’s method) were separated under nonreducing conditions in a 7.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) polymerized together with 0.1% gelatin. After electrophoresis, gels were washed twice in 2.5% Triton X-100 and four times in H2O before overnight incubation in gelatinase

Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Acanthophyllum gypsophiloides Regel

• Elena A. Khatuntseva,
• Vladimir M. Men’shov,
• Alexander S. Shashkov,
• Yury E. Tsvetkov,
• Rodion N. Stepanenko,
• Raymonda Ya. Vlasenko,
• Elvira E. Shults,
• Genrikh A. Tolstikov,
• Tatjana G. Tolstikova,
• Dimitri S. Baev,
• Vasiliy A. Kaledin,
• Nelli A. Popova,
• Valeriy P. Nikolin,
• Pavel P. Laktionov,
• Anna V. Cherepanova,
• Tatiana V. Kulakovskaya,
• Ekaterina V. Kulakovskaya and
• Nikolay E. Nifantiev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 763–775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.87

• % gelatin precoated (Sigma, USA, G-2500) culture dishes or microplate wells and were detached with 0.1% collagenase solution (Gibco, USA, 17104-019). To examine the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of saponins, primary endotheliocytes were seeded at a density of 7 × 103 cells per well of a 48-well

Volatile organic compounds produced by the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10

• Teresa Weise,
• Marco Kai,
• Anja Gummesson,
• Armin Troeger,
• Stephan von Reuß,
• Silvia Piepenborn,
• Francine Kosterka,
• Martin Sklorz,
• Ralf Zimmermann,
• Wittko Francke and
• Birgit Piechulla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 579–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.65

• at 20 °C in the dark. Cocultivation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10 with fungi Bacteria were grown on nutrient agar (NB II; peptone from casein 3.5 g·L−1, peptone from meat 2.5 g·L−1, peptone from gelatin 2.5 g·L−1, yeast extract 1.5 g·L−1, NaCl 5 g·L−1, agar-agar 15 g·L−1, pH 7.2