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Search for "photochemistry" in Full Text gives 138 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

  • Periklis X. Kolagkis,
  • Eirini M. Galathri and
  • Christoforos G. Kokotos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36

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Published 22 Feb 2024

Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters

  • Carlos R. Azpilcueta-Nicolas and
  • Jean-Philip Lumb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 346–378, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.35

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  • advancements in photochemistry, TM catalysis, NHC catalysis, and electrochemistry to show the generality of these RAEs in diverse mechanistic paradigms. Their application as radical progenitors continues to broaden the scope of radical-mediated reactions, especially in complex molecular settings, where issues
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Published 21 Feb 2024

Photochromic derivatives of indigo: historical overview of development, challenges and applications

  • Gökhan Kaplan,
  • Zeynel Seferoğlu and
  • Daria V. Berdnikova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 228–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.23

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  • of prospective applications of indigo photoswitches. Keywords: indigoid dyes; photochemistry; photophysics; photoswitching; E–Z isomerization; Review Historical milestones in the development of photochromic indigo derivatives 1954: first reported photochromic indigo derivative – N,N'-diacetylindigo
  • the electron density on the N atom in the ground state due to the electronic effects of substituents facilitates charge transfer during excitation, which leads to a decrease in the energy of the transition and a bathochromic shift of the absorption band, and vice versa. Photochemistry of indigo
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Published 07 Feb 2024

Radical ligand transfer: a general strategy for radical functionalization

  • David T. Nemoto Jr,
  • Kang-Jie Bian,
  • Shih-Chieh Kao and
  • Julian G. West

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1225–1233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.90

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  • utilized to perform both HAT and RLT. While many challenges remain for achieving general asymmetric induction in RLT catalysis, this advance represents an important step toward this aspirational goal with many lessons to build upon. Our group has recently leveraged iron photochemistry to build on these
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Published 15 Aug 2023
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  • solubility for RFBs [59]. Meanwhile, methyl viologen has been used as a sacrificial electron acceptor in photochemistry [27]. Therefore, viologen species could be used as redox mediators for linking water oxidation to carbon dioxide reduction by accepting electrons during water oxidation and donating them
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Published 08 Aug 2023

Exploring the role of halogen bonding in iodonium ylides: insights into unexpected reactivity and reaction control

  • Carlee A. Montgomery and
  • Graham K. Murphy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1171–1190, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.86

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  • , their scope has recently expanded to include X–H insertions based on single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms, cycloadditions based on blue LED photochemistry and radiofluorinations of unactivated arene motifs. In these reports, mechanistic proposals commonly treat the hypervalent iodine atom as being
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Published 07 Aug 2023

Selective and scalable oxygenation of heteroatoms using the elements of nature: air, water, and light

  • Damiano Diprima,
  • Hannes Gemoets,
  • Stefano Bonciolini and
  • Koen Van Aken

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1146–1154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.82

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  • flow using the HANU flow reactor, indicating scalability and improving safety. Keywords: catalyst-free; flow chemistry; oxygen; photochemistry; sustainable oxidation; Introduction Oxidation reactions are widely used in the chemical industry, but are often problematic due to challenges with
  • [23][24] and methods for oxidation such as photochemistry, or electrochemistry have been developed [2][25]. However, low selectivity and the need for appropriate catalysts that are stable, cost-effective, and easy to remove remain problematic. Recently, catalyst-free procedures using O2 or air have
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Published 31 Jul 2023

Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies

  • Mattia Lepori,
  • Simon Schmid and
  • Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1055–1145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.81

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  • , or it is trapped with pyrrole derivatives 3 in a C–C bond formation to afford arylated products 4. Based on the ultrashort lifetime of *PDI•− (τ = 145 ps), the notion of its photochemistry has attracted skepticism and it has been suggested decomposition products of *PDI•− may instead serve as
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Published 28 Jul 2023

Synthesis of substituted 8H-benzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolin-8-ones via photochemical 6π-electrocyclization of pyrimidines containing an allomaltol fragment

  • Constantine V. Milyutin,
  • Andrey N. Komogortsev,
  • Boris V. Lichitsky,
  • Mikhail E. Minyaev and
  • Valeriya G. Melekhina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.58

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  • important role in modern chemistry allowing to create novel original synthetic methods. UV-initiated reactions of heterocyclic systems are a significant part of organic photochemistry and there are numerous such transformations for various classes of heterocycles known in the literature [11][12][13][14][15
  • results, we started the photochemistry study of the considered pyrimidines from the corresponding methylated derivatives of 9. The products 10 were obtained by alkylation of compounds 9 with methyl iodide in DMF in the presence of K2CO3 (Scheme 4). At first, the photochemical behavior was investigated for
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Published 07 Jun 2023

Direct C2–H alkylation of indoles driven by the photochemical activity of halogen-bonded complexes

  • Martina Mamone,
  • Giuseppe Gentile,
  • Jacopo Dosso,
  • Maurizio Prato and
  • Giacomo Filippini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 575–581, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.42

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  • ). Mechanistic investigations are reported. These studies provide convincing evidences for the photochemical formation of reactive open-shell species. Keywords: alkylation; EDA complex; halogens; indoles; photochemistry; Findings Direct replacement of carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds with new carbon–carbon (C–C
  • on noble metal complexes has been constantly declined over recent years due to cost, availability, and toxicity, therefore discouraged by the modern guidelines towards implementation of sustainable chemical production schemes [6]. In the last decades, organic photochemistry has become a prominent
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Published 27 Apr 2023

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

  • Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

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  • ; Introduction Porphyrins are an aromatic, immensely conjugated, and colorful macrocyclic array with remarkable optical, electrochemical, and biological features. It is one of the most fascinating heterocyclic molecules which have various applications in catalysis, materials sciences, photochemistry and
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Published 22 Mar 2023

Germacrene B – a central intermediate in sesquiterpene biosynthesis

  • Houchao Xu and
  • Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 186–203, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.18

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  • acetone and water to a hemiacetal that can decompose to 11 (Scheme 4B) [43]. Furthermore, 1 shows an interesting photochemistry (Scheme 4C). A [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the endocyclic double bonds yields 12 whose formation is understandable from conformers 1c and 1d. The all-cis stereoisomer 14 requires a
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Published 20 Feb 2023

Mechanochemical bottom-up synthesis of phosphorus-linked, heptazine-based carbon nitrides using sodium phosphide

  • Blaine G. Fiss,
  • Georgia Douglas,
  • Michael Ferguson,
  • Jorge Becerra,
  • Jesus Valdez,
  • Trong-On Do,
  • Tomislav Friščić and
  • Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.125

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  • -PCN300) show a reduction in photoluminescent recombination, as well as a nearly two-time increase in photocurrent under broad spectrum irradiation, which are appealing properties for photocatalysis. Keywords: carbon nitride; density functional theory; mechanochemistry; phosphorus; photochemistry
  • explored herein the use of solvent-free, room temperature mechanochemistry to access phosphorus-linked carbon nitride with repeating heptazine units, which were found to show improved photochemistry over pristine graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). Additionally, the effect of a 1-hour annealing period at 300
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Published 12 Sep 2022

Heterogeneous metallaphotoredox catalysis in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor

  • Wei-Hsin Hsu,
  • Susanne Reischauer,
  • Peter H. Seeberger,
  • Bartholomäus Pieber and
  • Dario Cambié

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1123–1130, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.115

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  • ; heterogeneous catalysis; metallaphotoredox catalysis; packed bed; photochemistry; Introduction The amount and impact of visible-light-mediated protocols in organic synthesis have increased dramatically since the late 2000s [1]. The main driving force of this phenomenon is the novel reactivity afforded by
  • . Overall, the lack of catalyst separation and the possibility of combining the reactor with in-line analytical feedback enables the flow synthesis of C–S and C–O coupled products in a simple, versatile and amenable to automation way. Different approaches to heterogeneous photochemistry in flow. a) Serial
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Published 29 Aug 2022

Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties of (D–π)2-type and (D–π)2Ph-type fluorescent dyes

  • Kosuke Takemura,
  • Kazuki Ohira,
  • Taiki Higashino,
  • Keiichi Imato and
  • Yousuke Ooyama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1047–1054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.106

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  • practical concern with the objective of not only fundamental studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in synthetic chemistry, electrochemistry and photochemistry, but also their potential applications to emitters for optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [14][15
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Published 18 Aug 2022

A study of the photochemical behavior of terarylenes containing allomaltol and pyrazole fragments

  • Constantine V. Milyutin,
  • Andrey N. Komogortsev,
  • Boris V. Lichitsky and
  • Valeriya G. Melekhina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 588–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.61

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  • established by X-ray diffraction. Keywords: allomaltol; ESIPT process; photochemistry; pyrazoles; terarylenes; Introduction The investigation of the photochemical behavior of organic products is a significant part of modern materials science and technology. The UV-induced processes are extensively employed
  • bifunctional objects provides access to novel UV irradiation-based synthetic methods. Continuing our studies devoted to the photochemistry of terarylenes [27][28][29][30][31][32], in this communication we studied the UV-promoted reaction of pyrazole derivatives 12 containing a 3-hydroxypyran-4-one fragment
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Published 27 May 2022

Borylated norbornadiene derivatives: Synthesis and application in Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions

  • Robin Schulte and
  • Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 368–373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.41

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  • quadricyclane upon irradiation, whereas the back reaction can be accomplished by thermal treatment. Keywords: molecular solar thermal system; Pd-mediated catalysis; photochemistry; photoswitches; quadricyclanes; Introduction Norbornadiene (1a, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene) is a photochromic compound that has
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Published 01 Apr 2022

Earth-abundant 3d transition metals on the rise in catalysis

  • Nikolaos Kaplaneris and
  • Lutz Ackermann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 86–88, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.8

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  • functionalization enabled the de novo assembly of bioactive molecules [9]. The full potential of the mild nature of C–H functionalization is unlocked by the merger with modern photochemistry and electrocatalysis manifolds. In this context, recent advances were realized by the combination of photoredox catalysis and
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Published 07 Jan 2022

A photochemical C=C cleavage process: toward access to backbone N-formyl peptides

  • Haopei Wang and
  • Zachary T. Ball

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2932–2938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.202

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  • -formyl amide products have unique properties and reactivity, but are difficult or impossible to access by traditional synthetic approaches. Keywords: formyl peptide; nitroaryl compound; nitroso compound; olefin cleavage; photocleavage; Findings The photochemistry of nitroaromatic functional groups has
  • concept described here might be useful for the synthetic unmasking of relatively sensitive imido structures. For chemical biology applications, the results point to a far more diverse photochemistry than previously assumed for vinylogous photocleavage systems. Although formyl hydrolysis to the “expected
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Published 15 Dec 2021

Polymer chemistry: fundamentals and applications

  • Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2922–2923, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.200

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  • materials [6]. This thematic issue covers a broad range of current topics in polymer chemistry, from synthesis to materials and applications. In the area of synthetic methods, the use of click photochemistry in polymer and organic molecule synthesis is presented, as well as the combination of polymers with
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Published 14 Dec 2021

Towards new NIR dyes for free radical photopolymerization processes

  • Haifaa Mokbel,
  • Guillaume Noirbent,
  • Didier Gigmes,
  • Frédéric Dumur and
  • Jacques Lalevée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2067–2076, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.133

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  • polymerization of acrylate/epoxy monomer blends) can also be carried out upon NIR light with the proposed systems. Keywords: cyanine; NIR light; photochemistry; Introduction Photopolymerization processes are well established due to the specific features and advantages. Indeed, the reaction is carried out at
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Published 16 Aug 2021

Icilio Guareschi and his amazing “1897 reaction”

  • Gian Cesare Tron,
  • Alberto Minassi,
  • Giovanni Sorba,
  • Mara Fausone and
  • Giovanni Appendino

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1335–1351, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.93

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  • Pharmacopoeia [60]. The last two decades of the Turin years (1900–1918) The first decade of the past century was a magic moment for science in general and for the Italian organic chemistry community in particular, with Ciamician and Paternò setting the foundation of organic photochemistry in what has been
  • cogently named “the Bell’Epoque of photochemistry” [61]. Guareschi was, however, alien to the exciting developments of those years. The research on pyridines and, in general, his organic chemistry studies were gradually phased out due to a growing involvement in issues of national relevance that, in turn
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Published 25 May 2021

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

  • Guido Gambacorta,
  • James S. Sharley and
  • Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

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Published 18 May 2021

Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes

  • Zhonglie Yang,
  • Yutong Liu,
  • Kun Cao,
  • Xiaobin Zhang,
  • Hezhong Jiang and
  • Jiahong Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 771–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.67

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  • majority cases. Moreover, in line with the theme of green chemistry, light is the sole external energy source in EDA complex pathways. Except for the pioneering research on EDA complexes in the 20th century, there was not much progress in the follow-up. Until the past few years, EDA-complex photochemistry
  • photochemistry, two kinds of EDA complexes were involved in this approach, explaining the reason why the yield increased significantly when morpholine was employed as an organic base additive, which was exploited in the screening stage of the reaction conditions. In 2019, Xia and colleagues [46] reported that
  • yield of this reaction can reach 7.6 g ⋅ h−1 on a gram scale, indicating that the flow step is promising in photochemistry. In 2019, Aggarwal and colleagues [38] employed Katritzky salt 119 as electron acceptor and HE 79 as electron donor to form an EDA complex, providing the corresponding alkyl radical
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Published 06 Apr 2021

Mesoionic tetrazolium-5-aminides: Synthesis, molecular and crystal structures, UV–vis spectra, and DFT calculations

  • Vladislav A. Budevich,
  • Sergei V. Voitekhovich,
  • Alexander V. Zuraev,
  • Vadim E. Matulis,
  • Vitaly E. Matulis,
  • Alexander S. Lyakhov,
  • Ludmila S. Ivashkevich and
  • Oleg A. Ivashkevich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.34

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  • tetrazoles [11][12]. The first representatives of tetrazole-5-aminides were reported in the 1950s [13][14], whereas next publications were appeared only five decades later, being devoted to the synthesis and photochemistry of 1,3-diaryltetrazolium-5-aminides [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. NMR studies of a few
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Published 08 Feb 2021
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