Synthesis of 7-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane ring systems from tricarbonyl(tropone)iron via intramolecular Heck reactions

• Aaron H. Shoemaker,
• Elizabeth A. Foker,
• Elena P. Uttaro,
• Sarah K. Beitel and
• Daniel R. Griffith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1615–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.118

• accessed from tropone (via its η4-diene complex with Fe(CO)3) in a short sequence of steps: 1) nucleophilic amine addition and subsequent Boc-protection, 2) photochemical demetallation of the iron complex, and 3) an intramolecular Heck reaction. Minor modifications to the protocol enabled access to the

• related 2-azabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane system, albeit in lower yield. Keywords: alkaloids; azabicycles; Heck reaction; iron complex; tropone; Introduction Azapolycycles are embedded within numerous biologically active alkaloids [1] and pharmaceuticals [2]. As such, novel approaches to the synthesis of

• these scaffolds, even though they are found within a number of biologically active alkaloids. We recently demonstrated that the readily available, bench-stable tricarbonyl(tropone)iron complex [4] (1, Scheme 1) could serve as a precursor to the previously unreported 2-azatricyclo[4.3.2.04,9]undecane

Construction of hexabenzocoronene-based chiral nanographenes

• Ranran Li,
• Di Wang,
• Shengtao Li and
• Peng An

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.54

• the P,P, and M,M enantiomers. The isomerization barrier was determined as 44.7 kcal/mol at 260 °C by HPLC analysis. Meanwhile, Campaña and co-workers reported a similar chiral, tropone-containing HBC-dimer 53 [47]. Ketone 47 was transformed to compound 48 by reacting with 1-iodo-4-(phenylethynyl

• racemization barrier for [7]helicene, neither racemization nor decomposition was observed for optical pure 86 at 180 or 200 °C for 24 or 4 hours. Recently, they reported another HBC-trimer 91 consisting of only one tropone [55]. Dibromo 87 was converted into its corresponding distorted hept-HBC 88 by oxidative

• via preparative thin-layer chromatography. The P- and M-isomers of the helical conformation of 115 were separated by chiral HPLC, and the thermal racemization barrier was determined as 44.7 kcal/mol at 260 °C. Campaña and co-workers also reported tropone-containing, four HBC-fused NG 117 [59]. The

Identification of volatiles from six marine Celeribacter strains

• Anuj Kumar Chhalodia,
• Jan Rinkel,
• Dorota Konvalinkova,
• Jörn Petersen and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 420–430, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.38

• required for a significant antibiotic activity [34]. The biosynthesis of tropone [35] and of the algicidal sulfur-containing roseobacticides [36] are most likely connected to the TDA pathway. Interestingly, in the interaction with marine algae P. inhibens can change its lifestyle from a symbiotic

Recent applications of porphyrins as photocatalysts in organic synthesis: batch and continuous flow approaches

• Rodrigo Costa e Silva,
• Luely Oliveira da Silva,
• Aloisio de Andrade Bartolomeu,
• Timothy John Brocksom and
• Kleber Thiago de Oliveira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 917–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.83

• conditions, a porphyrin-based protocol for endoperoxidation of the diene, followed by the Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement and further telescoped transformations. This protocol yields different classes of products such as furans, tropone, diketones and hydroxyenones, all of them starting from the

An overview of the cycloaddition chemistry of fulvenes and emerging applications

• Ellen Swan,
• Kirsten Platts and
• Anton Blencowe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2113–2132, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.209

• , and the ability to act as multiple cycloaddition components, leading to multiple mechanistic pathways. For example, the cycloaddition of tropone and fulvenes was initially proposed by Houk to proceed via a peri-, regio- and stereoselective [6 + 4] cycloaddition of tropone [4π] to fulvene [6π] [106

• ]. However, an alternate mechanism was proposed by Paddon-Row and Warraner [74], whereby an initial [6 + 4] cycloaddition of tropone [6π] to fulvene [4π] and subsequent Cope rearrangement produced the formal [6 + 4] adduct. More recently, Yu et al. demonstrated through computations that the initial

• component in a [6 + 3] cycloaddition with p-benzoquinone to afford cycloadduct 9 [32]. Proposed mechanism for the [6 + 4] cycloaddition of tropone with dimethylfulvene via an ambimodal [6 + 4]/[4 + 6] transition state. Triafulvene dimerization through the proposed 'head-to-tail' mechanism. The dipolar

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

• ; dibenzotropone; halobenzotropolone; halobenzotropone; tribenzotropone; tropone; Review 1. Introduction Tropone (1) and tropolone (2) have fascinated organic chemists for well over one hundred years. The carbocycles 1 and 2 are a special variety of organic compounds and represent a nonbenzenoid type of aromatic

• system (Scheme 1). Their dipolar resonance structures such as tropylium oxide form 1B and 2B have been reported to provide a Hückel sextet of electrons that is necessary for aromaticity (Scheme 1) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The tropone core is the ubiquitous structural motif in the alkaloid colchicine

• active natural tropone fused to indole rings (Figure 1). Benzo-annulated cycloheptanones (as colchicine [8], allocolchicine), benzo[7]annulenones, or benzotropones (as purpurogallin) and their analogues are present in a great variety of pharmacologically relevant natural products [27][28][29]. Colchicine

Recent highlights in biosynthesis research using stable isotopes

• Jan Rinkel and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2493–2508, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.271

• study the sulfur source in tropodithietic acid (TDA, 74, Scheme 13) biosynthesis [78]. TDA is a marine antibiotic which was originally isolated from Pseudomonas species [79] showing no observable resistance in important pathogens up to now [80]. The biosynthesis of the tropone core proceeds via the

2-Hetaryl-1,3-tropolones based on five-membered nitrogen heterocycles: synthesis, structure and properties

• Yury A. Sayapin,
• Inna O. Tupaeva,
• Alexandra A. Kolodina,
• Eugeny A. Gusakov,
• Vitaly N. Komissarov,
• Igor V. Dorogan,
• Nadezhda I. Makarova,
• Anatoly V. Metelitsa,
• Valery V. Tkachev,
• Sergey M. Aldoshin and
• Vladimir I. Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2179–2188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.236

• (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro)-1,3-tropolones with alcohols leads to the contraction of the seven-membered tropone ring with the formation of 2-(2-benzoxa(thia)zolyl)-6-alkoxycarbonylphenols. The molecular structure of 2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxy-3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzoxazole has been determined by X-ray

• -position of the tropone ring. We have recently shown that coupling of 2-methylquinolines and 2-methylquinoxalines with o-chloranil gives rise to the formation of 2-(2-quinolyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-1,3-tropolones 4 (X = CH) [23] and 2-(2-quinoxalyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-1,3-tropolones [24], respectively

• observed that long-term (6–8 h) heating under reflux of solutions of 2-hetaryl-1,3-tropolones 5, 6а and 5е in methanol, ethanol or isopropanol leads to the contraction of the tropolone ring with the formation of 2-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-6-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxa(thia)zoles 11a–g. Contraction of the tropone ring

Synthesis and bioactivity of analogues of the marine antibiotic tropodithietic acid

• Patrick Rabe,
• Tim A. Klapschinski,
• Nelson L. Brock,
• Christian A. Citron,
• Paul D’Alvise,
• Lone Gram and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1796–1801, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.188

• several structural analogues of TDA and used them in bioactivity tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum for a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study, revealing that the sulfur-free analogue of TDA, tropone-2-carboxylic acid, has an antibiotic activity that is even stronger than

• the bioactivity of the natural product. The synthesis of this compound and of several analogues is presented and the bioactivity of the synthetic compounds is discussed. Keywords: antibiotics; natural products; Roseobacter; SAR study; tropodithietic acid; tropone; Introduction Tropodithietic acid

• (TDA, 1a) is an antibiotic produced by the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens. It has an unusual structure that is made up by a dithiet moiety fused to tropone-2-carboxylic acid (Figure 1) [1]. In Phaeobacter the compound is accompanied by hydroxy-TDA 2, while its tautomer thiotropocin (1b) was

Isotopically labeled sulfur compounds and synthetic selenium and tellurium analogues to study sulfur metabolism in marine bacteria

• Nelson L. Brock,
• Christian A. Citron,
• Claudia Zell,
• Martine Berger,
• Irene Wagner-Döbler,
• Jörn Petersen,
• Thorsten Brinkhoff,
• Meinhard Simon and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 942–950, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.108

• ]. This is reflected by their volatile bouquets that are dominated by sulfur compounds such as polysulfides 1 and 2 (Figure 1), thiosulfonates 3, thioesters 4, or sulfones 5, and phenylacetate-derived volatiles such as the moderately antibacterial compounds tropone (6) and tropone hydrate 7 [3][4][5][6

Algicidal lactones from the marine Roseobacter clade bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi

• Ramona Riclea,
• Julia Gleitzmann,
• Hilke Bruns,
• Corina Junker,
• Barbara Schulz and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 941–950, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.106

• switch in P. gallaeciensis from exhibiting mutualistic to pathogenic properties mediated by the algicidal roseobacticides, which are only produced upon induction by 5 [21][22]. Roseobacticide A (4) was suggested to arise from tropone (3), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, which is potentially formed from 5