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Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

Andrea Vanossi,
Dirk Dietzel,
Andre Schirmeisen,
Ernst Meyer,
Rémy Pawlak,
Thilo Glatzel,
Marcin Kisiel,
Shigeki Kawai and
Nicola Manini

Review
Published 16 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: a) Scheme of a MoO₃ nanocrystal on MoS₂. The AFM tip is firmly positioned on top on the nanocrystal...
  
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2. Figure 2: a) Example of a nanomanipulation during which half of a nanoparticle is scan-imaged, before the tip...
  
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3. Figure 3: Dependence of nanoparticle shear stress on the contact area. a) Relative shear stress obtained from...
  
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4. Figure 4: Front perspective: a snapshot of a MD-simulated frictional interface between a colloidal monolayer ...
  
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5. Figure 5: a) A graphene nanoribbon manipulated along a Au(111) surface. A probing tip lifts the GNR verticall...
  
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6. Figure 6: Single-molecule tribology. a) Schematic drawing of the experiment: A single porphyrin molecule is a...
  
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7. Figure 7: Non-contact friction experiments of NbSe₂. At certain voltages and distances, one finds dramaticall...
  
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8. Figure 8: The “Swiss Nanodragster” (SND), a 4’-(p-tolyl)-2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine molecule, was moved across an...
  
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9. Figure 9: Example of a change of conformation potentially triggered at surfaces. a) Trans (1) and cis (2) iso...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

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Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
Varvara Karagkiozaki,
Veroniki Bakola,
Foteini Pappa,
Panagiota Gkertsiou,
Eleni Pavlidou and
Stergios Logothetidis

Full Research Paper
Published 13 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: (a) Representative SEM micrographs of electrospun CA fibers, (b) AFM topography image of CA scaffol...
  
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2. Figure 2: In vitro degradation of CA scaffolds as a function of the time.
  
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3. Figure 3: Representative SEM micrographs of CA scaffolds (a) before degradation on the 1st day, (b) after deg...
  
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4. Figure 4: (a) Representative SEM micrograph of electrospun CA:dexam fibers, (b) AFM topography image of CA:de...
  
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5. Figure 5: In vitro degradation of CA scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone as function of the time.
  
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6. Figure 6: Representative SEM micrographs of CA scaffolds (a) before degradation on the 1st day, (b) after deg...
  
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7. Figure 7: In vitro release of dexamethasone.
  
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8. Figure 8: MTT assay of L929 cells with the examined scaffolds after 1, 2 and 5 days.
  
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9. Figure 9: Optical microscopy images of the cell morphology on the examined scaffolds. The three pictures in t...
  
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10. Figure 10: SEM micrograph of L929 cells on the examined scaffolds. The three pictures in the top row display t...
  
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11. Figure 11: Keithley microscopy images of (a) a blank orthopedic pin, (b) a pin coated with CA:dexam fibers and...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

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Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Emre Gürdal,
Simon Dickreuter,
Fatima Noureddine,
Pascal Bieschke,
Dieter P. Kern and
Monika Fleischer

Full Research Paper
Published 12 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the preparation of variable-size gold nanoparticle arrays on top of a sil...
  
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2. Figure 2: SEM images of the gold precursor particles after oxygen plasma treatment (a, b) and gold nanopartic...
  
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3. Figure 3: Dependence of the mean equivalent diameter of the gold particles on the ED duration. Three separate...
  
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4. Figure 4: Mean dark-field spectra of the different samples. For each sample 25 spectra at different positions...
  
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5. Figure 5: Background-corrected mean Raman spectra of the four different samples. For each sample three Raman ...
  
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6. Figure 6: Filling factor-corrected Raman intensities of the different samples, for the two peaks at 1085 cm⁻¹...
  
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7. Figure 7: Filling factor-corrected Raman spectrum of sample A compared to a Raman spectrum on smooth gold fil...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

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Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

Arindam Dasgupta,
Mickaël Buret,
Nicolas Cazier,
Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
Reinaldo Chacon,
Kamal Hammani,
Jean-Claude Weeber,
Juan Arocas,
Laurent Markey,
Gérard Colas des Francs,
Alexander Uskov,
Igor Smetanin and
Alexandre Bouhelier

Full Research Paper
Published 11 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: (a) False-color scanning electron micrograph of a typical constriction separating two tapered elect...
  
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2. Figure 2: (a) Temporal extract of the electromigration sequence featuring the effect of partial annealing, Jo...
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) Current density J_T plotted versus applied bias V_dc. The black circles are experimental data poi...
  
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4. Figure 4: (a) Fowler–Nordheim representation of the J_T(V_dc) data shown in Figure 3a. The transition voltages and are...
  
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5. Figure 5: (a) Transmission optical image showing a series of electromigrated constrictions. (b) Optical image...
  
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6. Figure 6: (a, c, e) Colorized scanning electron micrographs of the electron-fed optical antennas integrated i...
  
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7. Figure 7: (a) Colorized image of the optical tunneling gap antenna (orange) integrated inside a slot waveguid...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

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Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

Santhana Eswara,
Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
Brahime El Adib,
Maël Guennou,
Tom Wirtz and
Patrick Philipp

Full Research Paper
Published 09 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: Raman spectra of multiwalled carbon nanotubes after irradiation with different fluences of a) 25 ke...
  
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2. Figure 2: a) Ratio of intensities of D to G band as a function of fluence for 25 keV He and Ne irradiation, a...
  
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3. Figure 3: TEM images and Raman spectra after: (A–C) 25 keV He⁺ irradiation with a fluence of 10¹⁸ ions/cm² (D...
  
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4. Figure 4: Nuclear and electronic energy loss as a function of sample thickness for a) He⁺ and b) Ne⁺ irradiat...
  
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5. Figure 5: Sputter yield a) at the top, and b) at the bottom of the sample as a function of fluence for Ne irr...
  
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6. Figure 6: Backscatter yield as a function of gold thickness for He and Ne irradiation of a 30 nm carbon film ...
  
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7. Figure 7: Displacements into the carbon layer normalised to incident ion as a function of gold thickness for ...
  
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8. Figure 8: Schematic illustration of the sample configuration and the sequence of techniques used in this inve...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

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Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

Zishun Li,
Xuekun Tang,
Kun Liu,
Jing Huang,
Yueyang Xu,
Qian Peng and
Minlin Ao

Full Research Paper
Published 06 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: XRD patterns of the purified diatomite and the prepared diatomite-supported composites.
  
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2. Figure 2: FTIR spectra of the purified diatomite and prepared diatomite-supported composites.
  
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3. Figure 3: The SEM images of diatomite (a), Fe₃O₄/diatomite (b, d), MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite (c and e), EDX spectr...
  
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4. Figure 4: TEM images of (a) Fe₃O₄/diatomite, (b, c) MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite and (d) HRTEM image of MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/di...
  
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5. Figure 5: Magnetic hysteresis loops of Fe₃O₄/diatomite and MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite. The inset image illustrates ...
  
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6. Figure 6: XPS spectra of as-synthesized MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite: (a) full survey spectrum, high-resolution scans...
  
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7. Figure 7: (a) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms and (b) the corresponding pore-size distribution curves of d...
  
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8. Figure 8: MB removal of different catalytic systems (a) without and (b) with (b) PMS. (Reaction conditions: c...
  
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9. Figure 9: MB removal using MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite at (a) different pH values, (b) different temperatures and (c...
  
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10. Figure 10: Recyclability of the MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite catalyst for the degradation of MB.
  
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11. Figure 11: Schematic diagram of the synergistic effect between MnO₂ and Fe₃O₄.
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

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A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si₁₋_xGe_x and Si layers

Richard Daubriac,
Emmanuel Scheid,
Hiba Rizk,
Richard Monflier,
Sylvain Joblot,
Rémi Beneyton,
Pablo Acosta Alba,
Sébastien Kerdilès and
Filadelfo Cristiano

Full Research Paper
Published 05 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: Removed SiGe thickness measured by different methods (TEM, XRD and ellipsometry) as a function of t...
  
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2. Figure 2: Removed SiGe thickness (measured by ellipsometry) as a function of etching time for two different G...
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) Sheet resistance R_S, (b) Hall dose N_H, and (c) Hall mobility µ_H as functions of the etching tim...
  
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4. Figure 4: Depth profiles of (a) active dopant concentration and (b) carrier mobility extracted from the DHE m...
  
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5. Figure 5: Sheet resistance as a function of the laser energy density for 6 nm SiGeOI (x_Ge = 0.25) layer impla...
  
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6. Figure 6: Hall effect measurements (raw data: (a) R_S, (b) N_H and (c) µ_H) of the SiGeOI sample (x_Ge = 0.25) im...
  
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7. Figure 7: Depth profiles of (a) active dopant concentration and (b) carrier mobility extracted from DHE measu...
  
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8. Figure 8: Concentration depth profiles of (a) arsenic and (b) oxygen measured by SIMS in 11 nm thick SOI wafe...
  
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9. Figure 9: Hall effect measurements (raw data: (a) R_S, (b) N_H and (c) µ_H) of the SOI samples implanted with ar...
  
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10. Figure 10: Active dopant concentration depth profiles as extracted by DHE measurements from 11 nm thick SOI wa...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

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Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

Yuxing Liang,
Shuaiqi Fan,
Xuedong Chen and
Yuantai Hu

Full Research Paper
Published 04 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: A circular ZNW cantilever exposed to a force P at the free end.
  
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2. Figure 2: Nonlinearity as a result of carrier drift for n₀ = 1.0·10²³m⁻³ as a function of the end force P. a)...
  
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3. Figure 3: Carrier distribution in the ZNW cross section for P = 50, 60, 70 and 80 nN.
  
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4. Figure 4: Distribution of electric potential in the ZNW cross section for P = 50, 60, 70 and 80 nN.
  
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5. Figure 5: Effect of initial carrier concentration n₀ on the electric field E₂ along the x₂-axis.
  
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6. Figure 6: Output voltage V_out between the two endpoints of the cross section of a bent ZNW as a function of t...
  
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7. Figure 7: (a) Boundary electric potential and (b) boundary electric displacement D_r at Ω for different end f...
  
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8. Figure 8: W as a function of the electrode configuration for different end forces.
  
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9. Figure 9: W as a function of the electrode configuration for different initial carrier concentrations.
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

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The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

Krzysztof Nieszporek,
Tomasz Pańczyk and
Jolanta Nieszporek

Full Research Paper
Published 02 Jul 2018

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1. Figure 1: The simulation box.
  
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2. Figure 2: Atomic charges for nanopores HH (top), NHH (middle) and NN (bottom). The charges of the remaining c...
  
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3. Figure 3: The influence of water on the number of methane and nitrogen molecules passing through an HH nanopo...
  
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4. Figure 4: The average number of water molecules as a function of the distance of O_w atoms from the center of ...
  
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5. Figure 5: The influence of water on the number of methane and nitrogen molecules passing through an NHH nanop...
  
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6. Figure 6: The number of water molecules plotted as a function of the distance of O_w atoms from the center of ...
  
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7. Figure 7: The influence of water on the number of methane and nitrogen molecules passing through NN nanopore.
  
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8. Figure 8: The number of water molecules plotted as a function of the distance of O_w atoms from the center of ...
  
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9. Figure 9: Radial distribution function of O_w–O_w pairs and the cumulative number of water molecules for the NN...
  
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10. Figure 10: The extracted frame from the simulation trajectory of the separation of CH₄ + N₂ + 200 H₂O with an ...
  
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11. Figure 11: The temperature influence on the number of molecules passing across the pore as a function of the s...
  
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12. Figure 12: The temperature effect on the number of water molecules as a function of the distance of O_w atoms f...
  
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13. Figure 13: The influence of the number of water molecules present in the gaseous mixture on the number of CH₄ ...
  
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14. Figure 14: Hydrogen-bond correlation functions for hydrogen bridges between water and nitrogen atoms located i...
  
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15. Figure 15: Semi-logarithmic plot of the reactive flux correlation functions k(t) for hydrogen bridges between ...
  
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16. Figure 16: Temperature influence on (a) the hydrogen bond distance and (b) the angle distribution in water for...
  
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17. Figure 17: Evolution in time of the average angle between four vectors designated by four carbon atoms in ever...
  
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18. Figure 18: Time evolution of the second kind of deviation. Data were determined from the simulation trajectory...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

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Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

André Giese,
Sebastian Schipporeit,
Volker Buck and
Nicolas Wöhrl

Full Research Paper
Published 29 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Three-stage model of CNW growth (adapted from Kondo and co-workers) [18].
  
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2. Figure 2: Schematic diagram of ICP-PECVD plasma source.
  
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3. Figure 3: SEM images. Sampe 1 deposited at 350 °C and 0 V bias voltage: nanorods; sample 2 deposited at 350 °...
  
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4. Figure 4: SEM images. Sample 3 deposited at 425 °C and −30 V bias voltage: straight CNWs; sample 2 deposited ...
  
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5. Figure 5: Growth zones of CNW growth: nanorods (low energies), thorny structures and straight CNWs (medium en...
  
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6. Figure 6: Growth zones on different substrate materials as a function of substrate temperature and bias volta...
  
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7. Figure 7: Typical Raman spectra and the I_D/I_G ratios for a) nanorods, b) thorny CNWs, c) straight CNWs and d)...
  
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8. Figure 8: I_D/I_G ratio as a function of the mean wall length of the straight and the curled CNWs on a) stainle...
  
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9. Figure 9: Heights of CNWs as a function of process parameters and substrate material.
  
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10. Figure 10: a) SEM image of the curled CNWs and corresponding b) carbon and c) aluminium mappings, as measured ...
  
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11. Figure 11: EDX spectrum of CNWs on stainless steel (Fe, Cr). Besides carbon and aluminium, oxygen can be found...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

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Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

Marvin Siebels,
Lukas Mai,
Laura Schmolke,
Kai Schütte,
Juri Barthel,
Junpei Yue,
Jörg Thomas,
Bernd M. Smarsly,
Anjana Devi,
Roland A. Fischer and
Christoph Janiak

Full Research Paper
Published 28 Jun 2018

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1. Scheme 1: Synthesis of REF₃-NPs or RE-NPs from the rare-earth metal amidinates RE(amd)₃ and Eu(dpm)₃ by micro...
  
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2. Figure 1: TEM images and particle size histogram (from 128 particles) of 1.0 wt % ErF₃-NPs in [BMIm][BF₄] fro...
  
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3. Figure 2: PXRD and SAED (ErF₃ reference peaks in red from COD 4030804, orthorhombic structure with space grou...
  
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4. Figure 3: EDX of 1.0 wt % ErF₃-NPs in [BMIm][BF₄] from Er(amd)₃.
  
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5. Figure 4: Overview and HR-XPS of 1.0 wt % ErF₃-NPs in [BMIm][BF₄] from Er(amd)₃. The red and green bars are a...
  
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6. Figure 5: Cyclic voltammetry of a half-cell with ErF₃ as working electrode and lithium foil as counter electr...
  
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7. Figure 6: TEM images and particle size histogram of 1.0 wt % Gd-NPs in [BMIm][NTf₂] from Gd(amd)₃.
  
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8. Figure 7: SAED (Gd reference peaks in red from COD 1522526, cubic crystal system with space group Im−3m) and ...
  
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9. Figure 8: Overview and HR-XPS of 1.0 wt % Gd-NPs in [BMIm][NTf₂] from Gd(amd)₃. The red and green bars are a ...
  
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10. Figure 9: TEM images, particle-size histogram and EDX of 1.0 wt % Gd-NPs in PC from Gd(amd)₃.
  
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11. Figure 10: HR-XPS of 1.0 wt % Gd-NPs in PC from Gd(amd)₃. The red and green bars are a guide to the eye on the...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

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Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

Irini Michelakaki,
Nikos Boukos,
Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
Spyros Stathopoulos,
Costas A. Charitidis and
Dimitris Tsoukalas

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Published 27 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: TEM image of the as deposited Hf nanoparticles with mean sizes of (diameter × height) a) 16 nm × 15...
  
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2. Figure 2: HRTEM image of a Hf nanoparticle showing a distinct core–shell structure: In the core area lattice ...
  
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3. Figure 3: X-ray pattern of hafnium NPs on Si substrate synthesized for different aggregation-zone lengths D =...
  
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4. Figure 4: a) Bright-field TEM image of Hf nanoparticles; b) 3D geometric model of the truncated hexagonal bip...
  
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5. Figure 5: TEM showing the morphology of Hf NPs deposited at different substrate voltages V_s: a) V_s = 0 kV; th...
  
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6. Figure 6: SEM images of Hf NPs film formed with energetic deposition and substrate bias: a) V_s = 2 kV; b,c) V_s...
  
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7. Figure 7: HRTEM characterization of Hf NTFs formed with energetic Hf NPs deposition and substrate bias: a) V_s...
  
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8. Figure 8: X-ray pattern of Hf NTFs deposited at different substrate voltages V_s = 0, 2 and 4.5 kV.
  
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9. Figure 9: Dependence of hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) of Hf NTFs as functions of the substrate voltage ...
  
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10. Figure 10: a) HRTEM image showing partial coalescence of Hf NPs deposited at a substrate bias of V_s = 2 kV; b)...
  
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11. Figure 11: Scanning electron microscopy image of 3D patterns composed of Hf NPs deposited at a substrate volta...
  
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12. Figure 12: Schematic of the inert-gas condensation system used for nanoparticle growth.
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

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Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays

Steven Folkersma,
Janusz Bogdanowicz,
Andreas Schulze,
Paola Favia,
Dirch H. Petersen,
Ole Hansen,
Henrik H. Henrichsen,
Peter F. Nielsen,
Lior Shiv and
Wilfried Vandervorst

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Published 25 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Top-view schematic of the four μ4pp electrodes landed on (a) a single fin and (b) two fins. The ele...
  
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2. Figure 2: (a) Measured fin resistance R_fin as a function of fin width W_fin on isolated (triangle) and dense (...
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) TEM image of four ca. 20 nm wide Si fins where the measured R_fin is indicated on top of each fi...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1863–1867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.178

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The role of the Ge mole fraction in improving the performance of a nanoscale junctionless tunneling FET: concept and scaling capability

Hichem Ferhati,
Fayçal Djeffal and
Toufik Bentrcia

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Published 22 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Schematic of the investigated DG-HJ-JL TFET with N_d = 1·10¹⁹ cm⁻³ and t_ox = 3 nm.
  
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2. Figure 2: Drain current as a function of the applied gate voltage for the DG-HJ-JL TFET proposed with differe...
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) Transfer characteristics of the proposed Si₁₋_xGe_x/Si/Ge DG-HJ-JL TFET as a function of the Ge c...
  
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4. Figure 4: (a) Subthreshold swing factor and the I_ON/I_OFF ratio as functions of the Ge mole fraction for the i...
  
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5. Figure 5: Subthreshold swing factor as a function of the channel length for both the proposed Si₁₋_xGe_x/Si/Ge ...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1856–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.177

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Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

Kazuki Miyata and
Takeshi Fukuma

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Published 21 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Basic designs of (a) M-PLL and (b) S-PLL circuits.
  
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2. Figure 2: Basic concepts of different PC designs using (a) a LPF, (b) a BPF, (c) a BEF and (d) a HPF. (i) Pri...
  
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3. Figure 3: Block diagrams of the implemented (a) M-PLL and (b) S-PLL.
  
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4. Figure 4: Performance of the implemented PD–PC units with (a) a LPF and (b) a HPF. (i) Block diagram of the s...
  
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5. Figure 5: Performances of the (a) M-PLL with the LPF and (b) S-PLL with the HPF. (i) Block diagrams of the me...
  
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6. Figure 6: (a) M-PLL and (b) S-PLL waveforms at (i) f₀ = 150 kHz and (ii) f₀ = 3 MHz.
  
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7. Figure 7: Performances of the (a) M-PLL with the LPF and (b) S-PLL with the HPF. (i) Block diagrams of the se...
  
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8. Figure 8: Frequency power spectral density (PSD) distributions of the output signals from the (a, b) M-PLL an...
  
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9. Figure 9: (a) High-speed FM-AFM images of calcite (10−14) surface obtained in water at 0.5 s/frame (10 × 5 nm²...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

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Numerical analysis of single-point spectroscopy curves used in photo-carrier dynamics measurements by Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated excitation

Pablo A. Fernández Garrillo,
Benjamin Grévin and
Łukasz Borowik

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Published 20 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: FMI-KPFM working principle: Averaged time-integral values of the instantaneous photovoltage are acq...
  
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2. Figure 2: SPECTY working principle: (a) SPV built-up and decay are modeled using Equation 1 and Equation 2 respectively. (b) A qu...
  
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3. Figure 3: SPECTY’s algorithm flowchart. When a quasi-steady-state condition is reached, the average value of ...
  
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4. Figure 4: Comparison between spectroscopy curve obtained through the mathematical fit, measured data points a...
  
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5. Figure 5: Simulated SPV as a function of the time for different excitation modulation frequencies, the red li...
  
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6. Figure 6: Simulated SPV_AV as a function of the number of excitation cycles for different excitation modulatio...
  
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7. Figure 7: Simulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy curves of the F₅BnPA region for different SPV built-up ...
  
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8. Figure 8: Time-averaged surface photovoltage measured at different modulating frequencies with intensity-modu...
  
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9. Figure 9: Data obtained from the implementation of the proposed FMI-KPFM protocol for the simultaneous acquis...
  
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10. Figure 10: Comparison between curves: Mathematical fit (red and green lines) and simulated SPV_AV curve (blue l...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1834–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.175

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Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials

Daniela Dragoman

Full Research Paper
Published 19 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Schematic representation of a configuration that implements a tunable FrFT using (a) a convex, and ...
  
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2. Figure 2: Schematic representation of a segmented gate electrode with segments with (a) equal and (b) unequal...
  
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3. Figure 3: Schematic representation of a configuration that implements a discrete Fourier transform by discret...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174

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Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe₂₍₁₋_x₎S₂_x by mechanical strain

Sha Dong and
Zhiguo Wang

Full Research Paper
Published 18 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: (a) Top view and (b) side view of monolayer SnSeS. (c) Variation of the lattice constant as a funct...
  
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2. Figure 2: Atom configuration of possible adsorption sites for hydrogen on the SnSeS monolayer.
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) A schematic diagram showing strain applied to SnSe₂₍₁₋_x₎S₂_x monolayer. (b) Evolution of ΔG_H for...
  
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4. Figure 4: Band gaps of the SnSe₂₍₁₋_x₎S₂_x monolayers as a function of mechanical strain.
  
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5. Figure 5: Band structures for SnSeS and SnSe_0.5S_1.5 monolayers with strain of −5%, −3%, 2%, 6% and 10%.
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

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Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

Amelie Axt,
Ilka M. Hermes,
Victor W. Bergmann,
Niklas Tausendpfund and
Stefan A. L. Weber

Full Research Paper
Published 15 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: CPD line profiles of two KPFM experiments on the same cross section of a mesoscopic perovskite sola...
  
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2. Figure 2: Overview of excitation and detection frequencies for KPFM methods used in this work. The lower part...
  
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3. Figure 3: Sketch of the setup as well as marking scheme of electrodes on the edge. U_ext represents the electr...
  
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4. Figure 4: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
  
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5. Figure 5: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
  
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6. Figure 6: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
  
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7. Figure 7: Comparison of the absolute measured potential plotted against the applied potential for AM (warm co...
  
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8. Figure 8: Comparison of the absolute measured potential plotted against the applied potential for AM(warm col...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

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Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

Katherine Atamanuk,
Justin Luria and
Bryan D. Huey

Full Research Paper
Published 14 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: pcAFM measurement of a CdTe/CdS solar cell, during specimen illumination from below through an unde...
  
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2. Figure 2: (a) Consecutively acquired I_SC* (note the log scale) and (b) directly measured V_OC* for a single ca...
  
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3. Figure 3: (a) SEM micrograph of a locally planarized polycrystalline CdTe solar cell. The dotted rectangular ...
  
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4. Figure 4: Three-dimensional CT-AFM of the short-circuit current (I_SC*, dark to blue contrast) merged with the...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

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A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

Caihong Liang,
Jiang Wen and
Xiaoming Liao

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Published 14 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: (a–d) SEM images of pear-shaped titania nanotubes. (a,b) Cross-sectional morphology (the white circ...
  
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2. Figure 2: X-ray diffraction patterns of different samples: titania nanotubes before (a) and after (b) heat tr...
  
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3. Figure 3: SEM images of different samples: (a) Zn-Ag-TNTs; (b) NDM-Zn-Ag-TNTs (the inset picture is part of t...
  
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4. Figure 4: (a) The full XPS spectra, (b) the fine Ag 3d XPS spectra, (c) the fine O 1s XPS spectra and (d) the...
  
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5. Figure 5: Optical images of a water droplet on TiO₂ nanotube layers before drug release using: (a) bare TNTs,...
  
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6. Figure 6: The absorbance spectra of TNTs (dark gray line), Ag-TNTs (orange line), Zn-Ag-TNTs (magenta line) a...
  
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7. Figure 7: (a) The accumulated drug (Zn²⁺) release with time measured with ICP-AES where the insert is a magni...
  
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8. Figure 8: The voltage anodization scheme of the in situ voltage up-anodization process to produce pear-like t...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

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SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

Deepu J. Babu,
Divya Puthusseri,
Frank G. Kühl,
Sherif Okeil,
Michael Bruns,
Manfred Hampe and
Jörg J. Schneider

Full Research Paper
Published 13 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Schematic of different adsorbents: a) activated carbon, b) graphene oxide, GO (for the ease of pres...
  
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2. Figure 2: SEM image of the carbon samples used in the study: a) CNHs, b) MWNTs, c) high-magnification image o...
  
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3. Figure 3: a) TEM image of VACNTs obtained after unhinging from the substrate and dispersed in ethanol by ultr...
  
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4. Figure 4: a) N₂ adsorption isotherm at 77 K and b) survey spectra of the six different carbon adsorbents stud...
  
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5. Figure 5: a) SO₂ adsorption isotherms at 25 °C of different adsorbents studied up to the saturation pressure ...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

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Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

Can Zhao,
Yuexiao Song,
Tianyu Xiang,
Wenxiu Qu,
Shuo Lou,
Xiaohong Yin and
Feng Xin

Full Research Paper
Published 13 Jun 2018

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1. Scheme 1: Schematic illustration of the formation process of the hexagonal magnetic mesoporous nanoplates.
  
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2. Figure 1: XRD patterns of: (a) pure CoAl LDH; (b) LDH@PDA-2.5 composite; (c–e) the NPLs prepared by carboniza...
  
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3. Figure 2: SEM images of: (A) pure CoAl LDH; (B) LDH@PDA-2.5 composite; (C) NPLs-2.5-800, the inset shows a hi...
  
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4. Figure 3: (A–C) TEM images of the hexagonal mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800, the inset in (B) shows the corres...
  
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5. Figure 4: (A) and (B) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of the NPLs prepared under different condition...
  
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6. Figure 5: (A) Magnetization curves of the nanoplate samples prepared by carbonization of LDH@PDA at (a–c) 800...
  
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7. Figure 6: (A) Raman spectrum and (B–D) XPS spectra of the hexagonal magnetic mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800. ...
  
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8. Figure 7: (A) UV–vis spectra of the solution after adsorption of RhB for 2 h in the absence of any adsorbents...
  
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9. Figure 8: (A) Relationship between the adsorption ability of the hexagonal NPLs-2.5-800 sample and time at di...
  
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10. Figure 9: Recyclability of the NPLs adsorbents towards the removal of RhB. The concentration of adsorbents is...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

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Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

Andrey A. Kamashev,
Aidar A. Validov,
Joachim Schumann,
Vladislav Kataev,
Bernd Büchner,
Yakov V. Fominov and
Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Letter
Published 12 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Superconducting transition curves for CoO_x/Py(5)/Cu(4)/Co₂Cr₁₋_xFe_xAl/Cu(1.5)/Pb(50) multilayers wit...
  
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2. Figure 2: Dependence of on the thickness of layer F2, d_F2 in the SSV heterostructures AFM/F1/N1/F2/N2/S. Tri...
  
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

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Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

Elena A. Trusova and
Nikolai S. Trutnev

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Published 12 Jun 2018

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1. Figure 1: Steps of the cryochemical synthesis of nanopowders.
  
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2. Figure 2: Photographs of the cryogel, which is a precursor of the NiO nanopowder (a) and the cryogranulate, w...
  
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3. Figure 3: Scheme of CeO₂ nanoparticle formation, including the cryotreatment step (liquid N₂, −196 °C ) on th...
  
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4. Scheme 1: Scheme describing the formation of crystalline metal oxides with water, carbon dioxide, and NO_x as ...
  
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5. Figure 4: XRD pattern (DRON-3M, Russia) and TEM image (insert) of the NiO nanopowder.
  
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6. Figure 5: XRD pattern (DRON-3M, Russia) and TEM image (insert) of the Fe₂O₃ (hematite) nanopowder.
  
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7. Figure 6: TEM images of CeO₂ nanopowder obtained from the cryosol (a) and CeO₂ nanopowder obtained from a fre...
  
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8. Figure 7: X-ray diffraction pattern for a CeO₂ (JCPDS Card No. 43-1002) nanopowder obtained from a cryosol (X...
  
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9. Figure 8: Collected XPS spectrum of NiO nanopowders synthesized using the cryochemical method.
  
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10. Figure 9: XPS data for NiO nanopowders synthesized using the cryochemical method: main O 1s peak is associate...
  
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11. Figure 10: TEM images of sub-micrometer-sized NaNO₃–NaF powders containing 3 wt % (а) and 15 wt % (b) of NaF a...
  
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12. Figure 11: Histograms of the particle size distribution for NaNO₃ powders synthesized with the addition of 3 w...
  
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