Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices
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- Published 15 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: CPD line profiles of two KPFM experiments on the same cross section of a mesoscopic perovskite sola...
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Figure 2: Overview of excitation and detection frequencies for KPFM methods used in this work. The lower part...
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Figure 3: Sketch of the setup as well as marking scheme of electrodes on the edge. Uext represents the electr...
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Figure 4: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
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Figure 5: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
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Figure 6: Comparison of the deviation of the measured potential difference from the applied potential plotted...
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Figure 7: Comparison of the absolute measured potential plotted against the applied potential for AM (warm co...
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Figure 8: Comparison of the absolute measured potential plotted against the applied potential for AM(warm col...
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- Published 14 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: pcAFM measurement of a CdTe/CdS solar cell, during specimen illumination from below through an unde...
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Figure 2: (a) Consecutively acquired ISC* (note the log scale) and (b) directly measured VOC* for a single ca...
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Figure 3: (a) SEM micrograph of a locally planarized polycrystalline CdTe solar cell. The dotted rectangular ...
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Figure 4: Three-dimensional CT-AFM of the short-circuit current (ISC*, dark to blue contrast) merged with the...
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- Published 14 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: (a–d) SEM images of pear-shaped titania nanotubes. (a,b) Cross-sectional morphology (the white circ...
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Figure 2: X-ray diffraction patterns of different samples: titania nanotubes before (a) and after (b) heat tr...
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Figure 3: SEM images of different samples: (a) Zn-Ag-TNTs; (b) NDM-Zn-Ag-TNTs (the inset picture is part of t...
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Figure 4: (a) The full XPS spectra, (b) the fine Ag 3d XPS spectra, (c) the fine O 1s XPS spectra and (d) the...
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Figure 5: Optical images of a water droplet on TiO2 nanotube layers before drug release using: (a) bare TNTs,...
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Figure 6: The absorbance spectra of TNTs (dark gray line), Ag-TNTs (orange line), Zn-Ag-TNTs (magenta line) a...
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Figure 7: (a) The accumulated drug (Zn2+) release with time measured with ICP-AES where the insert is a magni...
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Figure 8: The voltage anodization scheme of the in situ voltage up-anodization process to produce pear-like t...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 13 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Schematic of different adsorbents: a) activated carbon, b) graphene oxide, GO (for the ease of pres...
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Figure 2: SEM image of the carbon samples used in the study: a) CNHs, b) MWNTs, c) high-magnification image o...
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Figure 3: a) TEM image of VACNTs obtained after unhinging from the substrate and dispersed in ethanol by ultr...
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Figure 4: a) N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K and b) survey spectra of the six different carbon adsorbents stud...
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Figure 5: a) SO2 adsorption isotherms at 25 °C of different adsorbents studied up to the saturation pressure ...
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- Published 13 Jun 2018
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Scheme 1: Schematic illustration of the formation process of the hexagonal magnetic mesoporous nanoplates.
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Figure 1: XRD patterns of: (a) pure CoAl LDH; (b) LDH@PDA-2.5 composite; (c–e) the NPLs prepared by carboniza...
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Figure 2: SEM images of: (A) pure CoAl LDH; (B) LDH@PDA-2.5 composite; (C) NPLs-2.5-800, the inset shows a hi...
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Figure 3: (A–C) TEM images of the hexagonal mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800, the inset in (B) shows the corres...
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Figure 4: (A) and (B) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of the NPLs prepared under different condition...
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Figure 5: (A) Magnetization curves of the nanoplate samples prepared by carbonization of LDH@PDA at (a–c) 800...
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Figure 6: (A) Raman spectrum and (B–D) XPS spectra of the hexagonal magnetic mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800. ...
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Figure 7: (A) UV–vis spectra of the solution after adsorption of RhB for 2 h in the absence of any adsorbents...
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Figure 8: (A) Relationship between the adsorption ability of the hexagonal NPLs-2.5-800 sample and time at di...
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Figure 9: Recyclability of the NPLs adsorbents towards the removal of RhB. The concentration of adsorbents is...
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- Letter
- Published 12 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Superconducting transition curves for CoOx/Py(5)/Cu(4)/Co2Cr1−xFexAl/Cu(1.5)/Pb(50) multilayers wit...
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Figure 2: Dependence of
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on the thickness of layer F2, dF2 in the SSV heterostructures AFM/F1/N1/F2/N2/S. Tri...
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- Published 12 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Steps of the cryochemical synthesis of nanopowders.
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Figure 2: Photographs of the cryogel, which is a precursor of the NiO nanopowder (a) and the cryogranulate, w...
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Figure 3: Scheme of CeO2 nanoparticle formation, including the cryotreatment step (liquid N2, −196 °C ) on th...
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Scheme 1: Scheme describing the formation of crystalline metal oxides with water, carbon dioxide, and NOx as ...
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Figure 4: XRD pattern (DRON-3M, Russia) and TEM image (insert) of the NiO nanopowder.
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Figure 5: XRD pattern (DRON-3M, Russia) and TEM image (insert) of the Fe2O3 (hematite) nanopowder.
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Figure 6: TEM images of CeO2 nanopowder obtained from the cryosol (a) and CeO2 nanopowder obtained from a fre...
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Figure 7: X-ray diffraction pattern for a CeO2 (JCPDS Card No. 43-1002) nanopowder obtained from a cryosol (X...
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Figure 8: Collected XPS spectrum of NiO nanopowders synthesized using the cryochemical method.
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Figure 9: XPS data for NiO nanopowders synthesized using the cryochemical method: main O 1s peak is associate...
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Figure 10: TEM images of sub-micrometer-sized NaNO3–NaF powders containing 3 wt % (а) and 15 wt % (b) of NaF a...
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Figure 11: Histograms of the particle size distribution for NaNO3 powders synthesized with the addition of 3 w...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 11 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: SEM images of gelatin crosslinked with 20 mM genipin during the molding of different surface patter...
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Figure 2: The effect of the addition of genipin at 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM to 20 wt % gelatin on the surface morp...
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Figure 3: Height changes in gelatin grooves molded to have a width of 500 nm and a height of 500 nm after imm...
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Figure 4: Live/dead cell viability assay of Saos-2 cells cultured on the gelatin crosslinked with genipin. Th...
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Figure 5: SEM images of attached Saos-2 cells on different gelatin patterns after 1 h incubation at a 45 °C t...
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Figure 6: Immunofluorescence images of Saos-2 cells on the gelatin patterns after 1 day of culturing. The cel...
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Figure 7: Cell attachment of Saos-2 cells on different gelatin patterned surfaces. Saos-2 cells were incubate...
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Figure 8: SEM images of the attached Saos-2 cells on the different gelatin patterns after 7 days of incubatio...
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Figure 9: Immunofluorescence images of Saos-2 cells on gelatin patterns after 7 days of culturing. The cells ...
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Figure 10: Cell proliferation assay of Saos-2 cells on the different gelatin patterns. Saos-2 cells were incub...
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Figure 11: Procedure for the preparation of gelatin patterned surfaces. (a) Addition of a melted gelatin solut...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 11 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Outline of the AFIR process. Si(100) wafers with a native layer of SiO2 were coated with Fe2O3. Ant...
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Figure 2: (a) SEM image of the antidot array patterned on the film with 27 nm thickness. (b) Profile obtained...
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Figure 3: XRD patterns of the as-deposited Fe2O3 film (blue curve) and the Fe3O4 film (red curve) after the t...
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Figure 4: Central region of the hysteresis curves for the antidot arrays obtained from a 27 nm thick film. (a...
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Figure 5: (a) Coercivity of the initial thin film and of the square (blue squares) and the hexagonal (red tri...
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Figure 6: Coercivity (red squares) and normalized remanence (blue dots) as a function of the angle θ at which...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 08 Jun 2018
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Scheme 1: Schematic illustration of the synthesis of uniform TiO2 particles using a sol–gel reaction in mixed...
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Figure 1: (a–e) TEM images of as-synthesized TiO2 with different volume ratios of ethanol to acetonitrile use...
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Figure 2: (a–e) TEM images of as-synthesized TiO2 with different concentrations of HPC: (a) 0 (b) 41.67 (c) 1...
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Figure 3: (a–e) TEM images of as-synthesized TiO2 with different amounts of TBOT: (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6 and...
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Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns of TiO2 particles calcined at different temperatures (≈350–800 °C).
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Figure 5: (a) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and (b) pore size distribution of TiO2 particles calcined at ...
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Figure 6: (a) UV–vis absorption spectra indicating degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using the TiO2-500 sample...
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- Published 08 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: An SC–QD–SC Josephson junction realized by a two-level quantum dot in a magnetic field B and electr...
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Figure 2: Energy spectrum of a two-level quantum dot coupled with two superconducting leads (SC–QD–SC junctio...
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Figure 3: Topological phase space of a 0D topological superconductor realized by a quantum dot coupled with t...
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Figure 4: (a) Josephson CPR of the SC–QD–SC junction for different choices of the Zeeman field B in the limit ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 07 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: (a) nc-AFM topographic image (2 × 2 μm) of the MAPbBr3 single crystal surface. The dotted rectangle...
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Figure 2: Plots of the (a) KPFM surface potential (b) and the tip height change relative to its initial posit...
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Figure 3: (a) Scheme illustrating how charge transfer from surface states bends the energy bands of p-type MA...
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Figure 4: (a) Photostrictive signal as a function of the optical power at λ = 515 nm. Inset: plot in semi-log...
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Figure 5: (a) Scheme of the surface potential time response under frequency modulated illumination. The SPV d...
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- Published 07 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: (a–c) Typical field-emission SEM images with different magnifications of MoS2 NSs grown by double s...
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Figure 2: MoS2 NSs grown by double sulfurization of a 50 nm Mo film at 850 °C on SiO2/Si substrates: (a) typi...
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Figure 3: MoS2 sample grown by double sulfurization of a 50 nm Mo film at 850 °C on SiO2/Si substrates: (a) P...
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Figure 4: MoS2 sample grown by double sulfurization of a 50 nm Mo film at 850 °C on SiO2/Si substrates: (a) H...
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Figure 5: Photographs of (a) wet chemically transferred MoS2 sample on the FTO/glass substrate, the FTO film ...
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Figure 6: (a) Field-emission current density as a function of the electric field for the transferred MoS2 NSs...
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- Published 06 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: XRD patterns of S, ZnO@NCNT and S/ZnO@NCNT composite.
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Figure 2: TGA curve of the S/ZnO@NCNT composite.
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Figure 3: (a) HRTEM image; (b) SAED patterns; (c) TEM image; (d–g) EDX mapping images of the ZnO@NCNT composi...
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Figure 4: (a) SEM image; (b–f) EDX mapping; (g,h) TEM images of S/ZnO@NCNT composite.
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Figure 5: XPS spectra of S/ZnO@NCNT composite.
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Figure 6: Discharge/charge voltage profiles of the S/ZnO@NCNT cathode for the initial three cycles at 0.2C.
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Figure 7: Cycling performance of the S/ZnO@NCNT cathode at 0.2C.
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Figure 8: Long-term cycle life of the S/ZnO@NCNT cathode at 1C.
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Figure 9: The performance comparison of S/ZnO@NCNT electrodes with sulfur loadings of 2.5, 3.25, 4.0 and 4.75...
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Figure 10: Rate capability of the S/ZnO@NCNT composite cathode.
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Figure 11: Discharge/charge voltage profiles of S/ZnO@NCNT composite cathode at various rates.
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- Published 06 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Schematic setups studied in this paper. a) S–QD–TS geometry: S denotes a conventional s-wave BCS su...
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Figure 2: Phase dependence of the subgap spectrum of an S–QD–TS junction in the noninteracting case, U = 0. T...
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Figure 3: Phase-dependent ABS spectrum from mean-field theory for S–QD–TS junctions as in Figure 2 but with U > 0 and...
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Figure 4: Main panel: Mean-field results for the CPR of S–QD–TS junctions with different Γ/Δ values, where we...
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Figure 5: Main panel: Mean-field results for the critical current Ic vs local magnetic field scale Bx in S–QD...
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Figure 6: Main panel: Critical current Ic vs Zeeman energy Vx for an S–TS junction using the spinful TS nanow...
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Figure 7: CPR for the S–TS junction with
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= 1 in Figure 6, for different bulk Zeeman fields Vx (in meV) near the crit...
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Figure 8: Main panel: Critical current Ic vs Zeeman energy Vx for S–QD–TS junctions from mean-field theory us...
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Figure 9: Main panel: Mean-field results for Ic vs Bz in S–QD–TS junctions for several values of ΓS = ΓTS = Γ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 05 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Friction force maps for a) an oxidized Si(100) surface scanned with an intact Ar-sputter cleaned SiO...
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Figure 2: Graphs exemplifying the absence of contact ageing for slide–hold–slide experiments under UHV condit...
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Figure 3: Development of friction for different tip–surface pairs upon activation of the interface. 1 – Contr...
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Figure 4: Lateral force loops of the same line from different scan frames. The respective scan number is indi...
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Figure 5: Surface topography of the same area before (upper row) and after (lower row) the friction sequences...
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Figure 6: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (secondary electrons (SE), back-scattered electrons (BSE)...
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Figure 7: TEM images of a cross section through the apex of a Au/Si tip that had been sliding against Au(111)...
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- Published 05 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Top and side views of the most favorable NO and NO2 adsorption configurations on monolayers of MoS2...
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Figure 2: (a–c) TDOS and magnetic charge distribution of (a) the pristine MoS2 monolayer, and MOS2 with (b) a...
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Figure 3: Spin orbital-resolved band structures for WS2 with (a) adsorbed NO and (b–e) adsorbed NO2. The red ...
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Figure 4: TDOS of (a) the pristine WS2 monolayer, and the WS2 monolayer with (b) NO adsorbed and (c) NO2 adso...
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- Published 04 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: Thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry (TGA-DSC-MS) curves ...
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Figure 2: X-ray diffraction patterns for samples a) synthesized with HCl, b) samples S1–S5, and c) the crysta...
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Figure 3: Pore size distribution for samples REF and S3.
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Figure 4: (a) Measured diffuse reflectance plotted as a function of the wavelength – R(λ) and (b) modified Ku...
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Figure 5: X-ray photoelectron spectra for selected specimens, reporting the Ti 2p, S 2p, N 1s and Pt 4f peaks....
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Figure 6: Cross-sections of thin films of samples a) Urea_15 and b) S4.
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Figure 7: Photocatalytic activity of different samples a) synthesized with HCl; dark measurements performed f...
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Figure 8: First-order rate constant for plasmocorinth B degradation for selected photocatalysts synthesized i...
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- Letter
- Published 04 Jun 2018
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Figure 1: C-AFM configuration and study of the influence of an applied voltage stress on MnO2 and LMO. (a) Sc...
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Figure 2: Combined C-AFM and SIMS analysis of a RF-sputtered LMO film. (a) Schematic of the measurement setup...
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Figure 3: Appearance of the ionic hysteresis and influence of Li depletion during preconditioning. (a) The hy...
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- Published 01 Jun 2018
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Scheme 1: Illustration of the possible copolymerization reactions involved in the preparation of the nanocomp...
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Figure 1: Mixture of ricinoleic-acid-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles with pure PMMA in toluene, NP-RA-PMMA (l...
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Figure 2: DRIFT spectra of the nanoparticle samples NP-RA, NP-MMA and NP-PMMA-3.
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Figure 3: Number-weighted hydrodynamic diameter size-distribution function of the NP-RA and NP-PMMA-3 nanopar...
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Figure 4: Cross-sectional TEM images of the nanocomposite sample NC-1 at lower (a) and higher (b) magnificati...
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Figure 5: (a) Room-temperature magnetization curves of the NP-RA nanoparticles and nanocomposites. (b) Temper...
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Figure 6: Heating curves of the NC3 sample measured at different AC field amplitudes at a frequency of (a) 98...
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- Published 30 May 2018
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Figure 1: Scanning electron microscopy images of the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanostructure on a sapphire ...
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Figure 2: Atomic force microscopy measurements for samples (a–c) AAO60, (d–f) AAO70, and (g–i) AAO80.
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Figure 3: Transmission electron microscopy measurements for sample AAO60 at different magnifications: (a) com...
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Figure 4: Transmission electron microscopy measurements for sample AAO70 obtained at different magnifications...
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Figure 5: Transmission electron microscopy measurements for AAO80 obtained at different magnifications: (a) c...
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Figure 6: (a) Measured luminous wavelength versus energy and (b) luminous angle for samples AAO60, AAO70, AAO...
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Figure 7: (a) Angle-resolved electroluminescence (AREL) spectra of samples FC-BLED and AAO70. Angular resolut...
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Figure 8: Typical light output power–current–voltage (L–I–V) curves of the samples in this study.
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Figure 9: Sample structure used in rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) calculations: (a) AAO sample structu...
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Figure 10: Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) results obtained with different Al2O3 thickness and air-hole ...
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Figure 11: Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) results with different Al thickness values and fixed Al2O3 th...
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Figure 12: Structure of flip-chip LED with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) processing.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 29 May 2018
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of SRA.
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Scheme 2: Synthesis of p(SRA-B).
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Figure 1: AFM images of p(SRA-B).
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Figure 2: UV–vis and fluorescence spectra of (A) Fl, (B) Py and (C) PTS in aqueous media (black dashed line) ...
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Scheme 3: Dye release from p(SRA-B) under the action of pH value or glucose.
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Figure 3: Fluorescence spectra of free D (dashed lines) and D@p(SRA-B) (0.27 mg/mL) (solid lines) at pH 3–9 w...
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Figure 4: (A) Fl@p(SRA-B) spectra after addition of glucose (0.4 mM); D release from D@p(SRA-B), where D = Fl...
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- Published 29 May 2018
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Figure 1: (a) Schematic drawing of the basic steps for the realization of a mask derived from spherical, nano...
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Figure 2: SEM plane-view of nanosphere masks obtained by solutions with different salt concentrations: (a) 0 ...
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Figure 3: SEM plane-view of nanospheres masks obtained for different particle concentrations and absorption t...
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Figure 4: (a,b) Gold nanodisks covered by the etched nanospheres of 500 nm. (c,d) Gold nanodisks of different...
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Figure 5: Absorbance spectra of (a) 80 nm gold nanodisk, (b) 80 nm gold nanoholes and (c) 500 nm gold nanodis...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 28 May 2018
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Figure 1: Two-step fabrication of samples. The left column shows three pictures taken at different angles of ...
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Figure 2: 2D saw-tooth sketch showing the blazing angle α and the back angle β. Measurements are confined to ...
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Figure 3: 3D sketch of a real saw-tooth copy compared to its theoretical master. The vertical difference betw...
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Figure 4: Plot of an actual saw-tooth copy showing the average height maxima (red points).
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Figure 5: Calculation of HOG descriptor for a given surface. Vectors points to the direction of highest gradi...
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Figure 6: Calculation of HOG descriptor. The histogram corresponding to the pixels of one cell. A 17-bin hist...
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Figure 7: Evaluation of HOG histograms. The example shows a 500 × 500 pixels (about 3 × 3 µm) fragment of an ...
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Figure 8: Summary of the results. The sample master and all 103 replica samples are presented. The bottom gra...
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- Published 28 May 2018
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Figure 1: (a) Typical SEM back scattered electron (BSE) image of a LATP pellet sintered at 1000 °C and polish...
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Figure 2: Correlative microscopy of selected areas on LATP sintered at 1050 °C and polished by hand. (a) SEM ...
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Figure 3: Higher resolution images of part of the area shown in Figure 2d and Figure 2e. (a) Topography, (c) ESM amplitude, and...
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Figure 4: Correlative microscopy images from LATP sintered at 1000 °C and polished by a focused-ion beam. (a)...
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Figure 5: High magnification image of LATP polished by focused-ion beam showing the (a) topography and (c) ES...
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