Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• internal research and development (R&D) programs focused on various aspects of nanomaterials. However, because their existing production and engineering infrastructures are heavily optimized for bulk materials, these companies are intentionally avoiding disruptive changes in instrumentation, processing

• . Unlike generative AI where a large portion of funding goes directly into product development and use, nanotechnology, still in a growing and exploratory phase has required considerable investment in physical infrastructure, metrology, safety protocols, and specialized facilities. These investments are

• . Although such funding adds to the nominal investment figures, it is frequently used to establish buildings and institutional branding rather than driving core scientific innovation and product development. These CSR contributions, especially when tied to tax benefits/political goodwill, rarely undergo

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• Sameeksha Rawat S. M. Tauseef Madhuben Sharma Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Research & Development, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.148 Abstract Microplastic contamination is a newly emerging environmental problem

• also been used regarding Himalayan catchments to simulate subsurface flow and contaminant loading under varying climate and land use scenarios [22]. The models can be used to simulate MP transport in high-altitude lake basins, although particle-bound adaptations are under development. The melting of

• development of portable, low-cost systems for nanoscale analysis is a significant field of future studies [34]. 5 Remediation techniques 5.1 Overview of current technologies for microplastic removal Various physical, chemical, and biological methods are employed with the hope of effectively removing MPs from

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• of the physicochemical properties and interactions of their constituents [7][9]. In this context, the quality by design (QbD) framework provides a systematic and scientifically grounded approach for pharmaceutical formulation development. QbD emphasizes predefined quality objectives, product and

• for Passiflora setacea seed oil. QbD principles and experimental design methodologies were employed to guide formulation development. The microemulsion was designed to enhance physicochemical stability, improve skin application performance, and support future therapeutic applications. Results and

• formulation to ensure quality consistency. Experimental design for the development and optimization of Passiflora setacea microemulsion An initial exploratory 23 full factorial applied was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions among key formulation variables (see Supporting Information File 1

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• years, the integration of science and technology has been well orchestrated to address challenges in medicine and health sciences and to evaluate therapeutic aspects [1]. This integration has contributed to the development of a more efficient healthcare system, innovative nanomedical tools and advanced

• , chemical, or biological attributes offer novel foundational elements for the design and development of devices and systems aimed at diagnosing and treating various diseases. Hence, nanoparticles or nanomaterials can be engineered to have various useful medical functions [4]. The assessment of the

• avenue for the development of targeted cancer therapies by leveraging this inherent selectivity. Although direct mechanistic assays such as ROS quantification or apoptosis marker analysis were not performed in this study, previous research on silver-based nanomaterials offers valuable insights into

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• enhancing therapeutic delivery, particularly in areas such as cancer treatment. This perspective highlights critical considerations in the development of CNM-based nanocarriers, spanning from initial design to clinical implementation. Keywords: carbon nanomaterials (CNMs); carbon nanoparticles (CNPs); drug

• Fund and the European Union [19]. Despite our understanding of preventable contributing factors, cancer remains a global burden, affecting over 10 million people annually. As of 2016, it is the leading cause of death in 55 countries (Figure 2), particularly those with high Human Development Index (HDI

• ) values. The higher cancer burden in high-HDI countries is attributed to the development of vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases and other causes of premature mortality [20][21]. With a 53% drop in cardiovascular disease mortality rates in countries with very high HDI between 1981–1985 and 2006

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• electromagnetic properties, enabling the development of metamaterials with negative refractive indices or chiral photonic crystals, which can manipulate light in novel ways. Another exciting area of research in chiral materials is developing supports for enantioselective catalysis [5][6]. Enantiomers are

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• biomaterials, recent decades have seen intensive research into novel therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine [1][2][3][4]. Within this scenario, a pivotal current strategy in formulation development focuses on integrating nanocarriers with nanoscale three-dimensional biomaterials, enabling major

• conventional fibrous materials. Their flexibility in fabrication allows for integration into a broad range of applications, from drug delivery scaffolds to composite biomaterials, contributing to their increasing relevance in both scientific research and industrial development [11][12][13][14]. To leverage the

• -adherent dressings. However, for applications where cell adhesion is desired, surface modifications may be necessary. Thus, the data presented here significantly contribute to the understanding of polymer–lipid interactions in coaxial systems and pave the way for the development of multifunctional

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• stage of the development of laser ablation in liquids from the perspective of shape control of the forming nanomaterials. The key parameters influencing the NP shape are highlighted, including the composition of a liquid, laser focusing conditions and introduction of external fields, and the mechanism

• of their impact on the conditions for anisotropic NP formation and growth. The description of the methods developed for the control over nanomaterial morphology is summarized by the vision of the current challenges and development routes of laser ablation in liquids. Keywords: laser ablation in

• development of such fields as energy generation and storage, sensing, and catalysis. Another application area of nonspherical NPs stems from the shape dependencies of their optical properties. The shift of plasmonic bands to the near-infrared spectral range observed for high-aspect-ratio nanostructures, such

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• bring physical meaning to the experimental data. Instead, in almost every example in the literature, the frequency variation is normalized to what is measured on a surface having known mechanical properties [5][9][10]. Alongside the development of CR-AFM and the analytical models used to describe the

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.135 Abstract The development of modern metal deposition techniques like focused ion/electron beam-induced deposition (FIBID/FEBID) relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To

• growth process, and greater flexibility in material selection (the ability to deposit a variety of different materials). The usage of ions opens new possibilities for materials development and applications [20][21]. Until now, the development of FEBID has relied on precursors used for chemical vapor

• study was conducted (pressure and cleanliness) differ significantly from those of a typical FIBID process [14]. To guide the development of more effective precursors for FEBID, a pre-screening strategy combining electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) and volatility testing is typically applied

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• problems in explaining results is that, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds the internal relaxation rate in the metal to be cooled, the electrons do not obey the Fermi–Dirac distribution, and the concept of temperature cannot be applied as such. This work is an exciting development towards a fully

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• development of promising alternatives to replace commonly used PEG lipids. By discussing the recent research findings, this review can serve as a guide to the design of surface-engineered or PEG-free LNPs to overcome the persist challenges in LNP delivery systems using conventional PEG lipids. Effects of PEG

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• solubility, high volatility, and intrinsic oxidation sensitivity. Thus, the development of novel formulations to efficiently deliver bioactives represents an innovative approach for Aedes aegypti control. In this context, nanothecnology provides smart formulations with improved drug solubility, controlled

• of multiple complementary approaches as an essential strategy for effective disease control. These include the rational use of chemical insecticides, aimed at minimizing the development of resistance; biological control, through the use of natural predators and larvicidal microorganisms such as

• context, the development of nanoemulsions based on essential oils emerges as a promising innovation within integrated control strategies, offering environmentally friendly larvicidal and repellent alternatives specifically targeted at Aedes aegypti [12][13][14]. Although chemical insecticides are

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• . This idea enables us to use the “flaws” of the structure as its important features, opening up a pathway to creating programmable and reconfigurable large circuits. An obvious and widely required application of this technology is in the development of superconductive programmable gate arrays (SPGAs

• flexibly repurposed for different algorithms by simply re-programming the routing paths, a paradigm central to the development of SPGAs. The true potential of this architecture, however, is most evident in its application as an axon-synaptic connection matrix for neuromorphic computing. The ability to

• the picosecond timescales of Josephson junction dynamics. However, this re-configuration time should be considered in the context of hardware development cycles. From this point of view, the re-configuration time is orders of magnitude lower than the time required to design, fabricate, and test a new

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• Galway (https://imaging.universityofgalway.ie/imaging/) and the scientific and technical assistance of Dr. Éadaoin Timmins in TEM imaging. Funding This publication was supported by Taighde Éireann – Research Ireland (Science Foundation Ireland) and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• ; sustainable development; Introduction Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm in inorganic nanomaterials, to generate structures with unique physicochemical properties [1][2][3]. Among the most

• development of antimicrobial compounds such as oral antiseptics and toothpastes with prolonged antimicrobial action, restorative materials (including composite resins and cements) with antibacterial properties, nanoparticle-reinforced sealants and fluoride varnishes for caries prevention, and antibiofilm

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• material also maintained a stable removal efficiency of over 90% during a 3 month evaluation period [72]. Based on the conducted studies, aerogels and sponge-based adsorbents, with their high adsorption efficiency and defined mechanisms, show great promise for the removal of MPs. The continued development

• -term ecological impacts of nanomaterials remain understudied, particularly in soil environments. Future research directions and recommendations Future research should prioritize the development of advanced adsorbent nanomaterials that align with sustainable development goals and support a circular

• ]. Finally, along with the development of information technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can transform water treatment. Leveraging pattern detection, ML simplifies MP classification and enhances nanomaterial identification, improving research efficiency and

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• /). Funding The authors wish to thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support (Grant: 308382/2017-0, 311209/2020-3) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personal (CAPES) (code 01).

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• future, systematic research into the effects of LDHs’ composition and structure on piezoelectric properties will be crucial to unlock their full potential. This mini-review aims to inspire the audience with valuable ideas for the development of new LDH-based piezoelectric materials, thereby contributing

• to the development of next-generation high-performance piezoelectric devices. Keywords: layered double hydroxides; nanogenerators; piezocatalysis; piezoelectricity; Introduction Given the ever-increasing global need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, finding other ways to generate energy from

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• for the precise introduction of implanted atoms into the surface layers without the need for subsequent chemical modification, thus opening new possibilities in the development of functional thin films. In this study, Ag ions were used to modify polymer matrices to improve chemical and electronic

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• response to internal signals (e.g., oxidation or reduction, enzymatic activity, or low acidity) or external stimuli such as light and temperature [26][27]. This delivery of active ingredients relies on differential biochemical changes, facilitating the development of more precise therapies with improved

• reference in formulation development, the design of PNs expands the delivery possibilities for drugs in all four BCS classes by overcoming limitations related to poor solubility or permeability [34]. Among the various techniques used for preparing NPs, the polymerization of monomers or dispersion of

• how targeted chemical modifications can enhance the encapsulation capacity and physicochemical protection of sensitive drugs. Such strategies are particularly relevant for the development of PNs for oral administration, where resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation in the gastrointestinal tract is

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• lifestyle-related risk factors. However, the discovery of aptamers and the development of nanocarriers bring great benefits to the diagnosis, treatment, and targeted drug delivery of EC. Aptamers or peptide aptamers as biosensors or therapeutic agents for the diagnosis or treatment of EC, aptamer–drug

• researchers have led to the development of a noninvasive esophageal cancer screening method utilizing cfDNA methylation analysis [16]. While this innovation addresses the critical need for population-scale screening in China, its widespread implementation may be constrained by substantial economic costs

• development as a cost-effective, yet highly specific, molecular probe. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed its target as a membrane-associated protein. Another study [57] showed that EpCAM was overexpressed in esophageal cancer samples, and the expression level of EpCAM was detected using antibodies or

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• therapeutic option for this ocular condition. Artificial tear products commonly used to alleviate symptoms of DED contain various ingredients that promote osmoprotective and antioxidant effects. In this context, this study proposes the development of an ophthalmic nanoemulsion with multifunctional action

• stability dispersion [84]. Based on these criteria, the O/W(L-3%) pre-formulation was identified as the most suitable candidate for further investigations in the development of ophthalmic nanoformulations for DED. After optimizing the pre-formulation parameters, a simple dilution process of O/W(L-3

• [102][103], compared to literature-reported nanoemulsions for DED treatment based on castor oil and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine with a conductivity of 68.9 μS·cm−1 [20]. Another study described the development of a nanoemulsion-based gel containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride to treat

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• properties and tissue arrangements for predicting pine cone scale bending in silico. By contributing to a deeper understanding of pine cone scale biomechanics, these results also support the development of bioinspired technical applications. Future studies should refine tissue mechanical properties and

• arrangement impact the bending motion, can therefore benefit the development and improvement of novel bioinspired technical applications. At present, some characteristics of pine cones have been described that help to explain how their individual tissues can deform under desiccation/hydration and thus lead to