Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• uptake, are expected to be within the range typically reported for Ag-based chalcogenides exhibiting stable dispersions. Antioxidant activity of AgSbS2 NCs The DPPH radical scavenging activity of AgSbS2 NCs in the assay using ascorbic acid as a positive control is revealed in Figure 5. The synthesized

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• for effective pharmaceutical use, βCp is often formulated within lipid liquid dispersions, such as nanoemulsions, to enhance its stability and improve therapeutic properties [35][36][37][38]. While lipid nanosystems offer undeniable advances for the delivery of active compounds, their inherent liquid

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• , nanotechnological strategies have been used, such as polymeric nanocarriers [30], solid lipid nanoparticles [31], liposomes [32], and nanoemulsions [13][14][33]. Among these strategies, nanoemulsions, kinetically stable nanometric dispersions (20–500 nm) of two immiscible liquids, stabilized by surfactants, have

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• encapsulate bioactive molecules have proven effective against trypanosomatids [20][21] especially Leishmania spp. [22][23]. Among these systems, nanoemulsions (NEs) are one of the most common types. They are colloidal dispersions of two immiscible liquids – typically oil and water – stabilized by emulsifying

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• factors are crucial for organizing amphiphilic molecules and influencing the uniformity of micellar dispersions in ophthalmic nanoformulations. Lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids and consists mainly of phosphatidylcholine, which typically forms liposomes (concentric lipid bilayers) rather than

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• PVA (1.0% w/v), at an output flux of 3.0 mL⋅min−1. After titrations, the acetone organic solvent evaporation occurred under a 700 rpm of magnetic stirring overnight. After solvent evaporation, colloidal dispersions were centrifuged at 22,000g for 5 minutes. The T. serrulatus venom loading in the

• , United States of America), equipped with a 90 Plus/BI-MAS apparatus, at a wavelength of 659 nm with a scattering angle of 90°. For the analysis, 100 μL of the nanoparticle suspension was diluted in 900 μL of deionized water (1:10 dilution) to ensure dispersions within a suitable experimental range (100

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• resulting dispersions were sonicated followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 h to facilitate the adsorption process in neutral medium. A successive increase in adsorption efficiency of dendrimerized CNTs from CNTs-G1 to CNTs-G5 was observed, clearly indicating the significant role of stepwise growth

• ions. Subsequently, the dispersions were magnetically stirred for another 2 h at room temperature to facilitate the adsorption process. Afterward, the solid adsorbents were separated by centrifugation, and re-dispersed in 10 mL of 1 M HNO3 solution to desorb the metal ions. The mixture was stirred for

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ]. Moreover, the surfactants exhibit temperature-responsive behavior, reorganizing at higher temperatures to stabilize finer dispersions. The concurrent decline in oil phase viscosity with increasing temperature also improves emulsification efficiency by promoting shear-induced droplet breakup, particularly

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• Taisei Himeda Risako Kunitomi Ryosuke Nabeya Tamotsu Zako Tsuyoshi Asahi Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.16.80 Abstract We prepared stable nanoparticle dispersions of metal complex phthalocyanines (MPcs; M

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• dispersibility and reduced surface area of graphene-based materials in many applications, such as aqueous dispersions, polymer nanocomposites, and water-based paints. Our previous works demonstrated that in graphene-based hydrogel structures, the intercalation of water molecules between graphene-based sheets

• exhibits the aqueous dispersions derived from the sonication of GO-SG-ZH hydrogel and powder in water (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Ultrasound waves vibrated water molecules and created cavitation in the hydrogel structure, leading to the exfoliation of graphene-based nanosheets in water

• . It is notable that low concentrations (≤50 ppm) are necessary to obtain homogenous dispersions. The ultrasonic dispersion of GO-SG-ZH hydrogels was faster and clearer due to the high content of water intercalation. The GO-SG-ZH powder contained about 10% of water and approximate 60% of nanosilica and

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• ), and laser melting (LML) in liquids are aimed at synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) from bulk targets (LAL), by downsizing (LFL), or by increasing/reshaping (LML) particle dispersions [1]. On the other hand, pulsed laser defect engineering in liquids (PUDEL) processes involve targeted post-treatment of

• stirrers containing the NP or microparticle (MP) dispersions, which are irradiated with a laser beam. However, as dispersion volumes in batch setups are only partially illuminated and there is constant back-diffusion, no uniform fluence and number of pulses-per-particle can be guaranteed. This prohibits

• enhancement in the colloidally stable supernatants of particle dispersions after sedimentation of the colloidally unstable, unfragmented MP educts, determined by UV–vis extinction spectroscopy, which is proportional to the amount of SMPs and NPs [2][22][49]. This extinction enhancement from the unirradiated

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• reaggregation of exfoliated graphene layers [11]. Various surfactants have been employed. For instance, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium cholate have been reported to be able to produce stable graphene colloidal dispersions [13]. However, these synthetic surfactants often raise concerns about toxicity

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• encapsulation efficiency The drug content of SLNs formulations ranged from 16.95% ± 0.76% to 96.75% ± 0.24%; the highest APT content was obtained in APT-CD-NP4. The loss of the drug can be attributed to the lyophilization. However, there was no change in color or aggregation observed. Dispersions of lyophilized

• dispersion. SEM studies Scanning electron micrographs of APT-CD-NP4 and APT-PX-NP8 shown in Figure 3 illustrate that polymeric content was deposited on the SLN surface because of organic solvents. After evaporation of the organic solvent, colloidal particles are closely packed. Dispersions in organic

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• containing 10% EOCF were then prepared individually (Table 1), and the dispersions were evaluated macroscopically and characterized 48 h after they were obtained. Physicochemical characterization of the selected microemulsions The polydispersity index and average hydrodynamic radius of the droplets were

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• negative surface charge. The zeta potential is a critical parameter for evaluating the stability of colloidal dispersions; typically, values greater than ±30 mV are associated with high stability due to strong electrostatic repulsion between particles [31]. Despite the zeta potential being less than ±30 mV

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• Horiba Scientific instrument from Japan. ZnO NP dispersions were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in deionized water and analyzed at 25 °C. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate, with the Zeta potential results expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and the zeta average calculated to

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• cells were grown in a CO2 incubator at 37 °C after being seeded on a 96-well Eppendorf plate at a concentration of 100,000 cells/mL per well in 150 μL of medium. After 24 h of incubation, 150 μL of the tested dispersions were added to each well. Twofold dilutions of the dispersions were prepared

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• the ZP values of particles (expressing their electrostatic repulsion) controls the stability of colloidal dispersions according to the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory [39]. For the computational analysis, the TIP3P force field was employed for water, while the DREIDING force field was

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• assess nanomaterials toxicity is to evaluate their colloidal characteristics. GO stock dispersions (400 mg·L−1) were prepared according to OECD Guideline no. 318 [71]. The GO powder (10 mg) was pre-wetted with 1 mL of ultrapure water and left as a wet-paste for 24 h. Then, ultrapure water (25 mL) was

• medium. Furthermore, negative controls were carried out using ultrapure water as the test substance because the GO stock dispersions were prepared in this medium. The nematodes were exposed for 24 h, and live organisms were counted using a stereomicroscope at the end. To evaluate the effect of tannic

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• strategies to produce colloidally stable NP dispersions with retained targeting capacity have been widely investigated [17][18][19][20][21]. While a panel of molecules (e.g., polyethylene glycol, zwitterionics, glycans, aptamers) can improve the stability of NPs in biological media by preventing the

• were made in triplicates at room temperature. The 1H NMR spectra were obtained in Bruker spectrometers operating at frequencies of 500 MHz. The NP dispersions (25 mg) were centrifuged and concentrated to 600 μL of D2O with the standard TMSP. The samples were sonicated before measurements. Chemical

• shifts (δ) were related in part per million (ppm) to the standard TMSP. The signal referring to the solvent used, deuterated water, was omitted from the spectra. The elemental analysis measurements were performed on a CHN 2400 Elementary Analyzer (Perkin-Elmer). The NP dispersions were dried in an oven

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• equations for the system, including the presence of the tip, which we have subsequently particularized for 2D materials on insulating supports. Experimental Co-deposited samples of GO and rGO were prepared following the methodology outlined in [61]. In summary, ultradiluted (4 × 10−4 wt %) dispersions of GO

• and/or rGO in Milli-Q type-I water (MQ water) were utilized. A drop of these dispersions was cast onto highly doped p-type silicon (1–10 Ω·cm, Siltronix) with a 300 nm SiO2 layer thermally grown on top. Before deposition, the substrate underwent a thorough cleaning process, which involved rinsing with

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• . As expected, some agglomerates and aggregates persist even after thorough dispersion. In both distributions in Figure 2, the number of particles above 500 nm is low. This is surprising as large agglomerates above 600 nm are typical for hand-shaken dispersions but are not detected here by spICP-MS

• dispersions in a gravitational field. In all cases, the median ECD calculated from the spICP-MS particle size distributions is larger than the corresponding ECD-related results of the electron microscopy measurements, which are, in turn, larger than the MinFeret-related results of the electron microscopy

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• volatility, make their formulation a true challenge. In this regard, nanoemulsions (NEs), which are dispersions of two immiscible liquids with one of them dispersed as small droplets [11][12], stand out as new delivery vehicles for these bioactive compounds. They are especially important to enhance the water

• nanoemulsion comprising 5% p-cymene stabilized with 1% Tween 80, with droplet sizes measuring approximately 150 nm, which maintained its stability for 60 days [31]. The zeta potential is used to predict the stability of dispersions, and its value depends on the physicochemical properties of active ingredients