Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• volume. These features provide a more favorable environment for mass transport, reactant diffusion, and nanoparticle dispersion, making rGO a more effective catalyst support, so we expect a better catalytic activity with rGO. In addition to the morphological and textural properties of carbon supports

• environment for catalyst dispersion, thereby enhancing reaction kinetics. This is likely due to the residual oxygen content of rGO (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6), which enables the effective anchoring of AuNPs and results in higher catalytic efficiency. In addition, the AC-based composites tend to

• metal–support interactions and a tendency for leaching over several cycles. Beyond the structural advantages of mentioned earlier, rGO also provides a unique electronic environment that further enhances catalytic activity. The superior catalytic performance of AuNPs–rGO compared to Au supported on CB or

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• surfaces of any living organism constantly engage with the environment and face a wide range of challenges. To meet these challenges, the surfaces of any organism must often simultaneously fulfil multiple functions and adapt to various environmental pressures, which involve complex interactions between

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• potential EHS risks as they evolve, ensuring proactive rather than reactive risk management. Third, dynamic simulations – including digital twin technologies – provide a virtual environment for researchers to run “what if” scenarios, allowing them to explore the impact of variable parameters (e.g., pH

• properties that may be harmful to human health or the environment in particular groups of chemicals likely to be (eco)toxic, persistent, bio-accumulative, or mobile. Overall sustainability should be ensured by minimizing the environmental footprint of chemicals and materials in particular in relation to

• computational methods help deliver materials that meet performance demands without compromising human health or the environment. Materials informatics To date, materials informatics has been predominantly focussed on optimizing functionality, largely through materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) that combine

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of nanocarriers in clinical applications [15]. The functional mechanism of CRNs (Figure 2) is designed to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of anticancer drug delivery systems, along with their behaviour in response to the acidic environment of

• ]. These studies demonstrate how enzyme substrates embedded in nanocarriers enable the selective cleavage, charge reversal, and targeted delivery of drugs in response to cancer-associated enzymes. 2.3 Redox-sensitive nanocarriers Redox-sensitive nanocarriers exploit the distinct intracellular environment

• to CC BY 4.0. Schematic representation of charge-reversible nanocarrier system for tumour therapy. a) In general mechanism of CRNs activated by various stimuli for targeted therapy, b) charge reversal of nanocarriers exhibiting responsiveness to the acidic environment in biofilms. The images of EMPTY

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• lipid structure of NLs, leading to AC leakage, while plasma protein adsorption may cause particle aggregation [7]. In this sense, the presence of proteins in the tissue environment can alter cellular uptake of both cationic and anionic carriers [8]. In short, our understanding of how nanodelivery

• acidic environment (for visualization of endocytic pathways). Further, the cells were stained and visualized as described above. Internalization studies of nanoliposomes in hCMEC/D3 cells by confocal microscopy Confocal laser scanning microscopy (Carl Zeiss, Axiovert 200M Inverted Microscope) was

• nonexisting, and addition of cholesterol is needed in order to achieve conditions resembling normal neuronal environment with surrounding glial cells, as well as to promote the process of the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell differentiation into a neuronal cell type [50]. Up to date, several findings reported the

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• 50. This increase in negative surface charge may be attributed to changes in the distribution of surrounding counterions, possibly caused by the adsorption or ionization of functional groups at the liposomal surface [47]. Additionally, the exposure of the phosphate moiety to the aqueous environment

• the formulations, as PDI values remained within the acceptable range (<0.3 for monodisperse systems) [72]. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the developed formulation presents adequate stability under conditions that simulate the biological environment, an essential requirement for in vivo

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• textile) and their relative weaknesses and then discusses the threats, which depend on the environment in which the artwork is located (outdoor or indoor). This review article also aims to provide scholars and conservators with a comprehensive overview of current solutions, serving as a foundation for

• transparency and reversibility, while smoother substrates favor thinner, more controllable films. Furthermore, artworks having stone or inorganic surfaces, may experience erosion due to the effect of acid rain if in outdoor environment (limestone might shift to gypsum due to sulfur dioxide, becoming porous and

• water-absorbent) [53], while, if in indoor environment, they may experience biological fouling (fungi or bacteria) [54][55], which might initiate bio-deterioration [56]. If the substrate is metallic, corrosion caused by water (rain when outdoor and humidity fluctuation when indoor) is the main issue

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• utilize the environment that they inhabit have engendered considerable scientific interest. In several taxa, such as insects, spiders, some bats, frogs and lizards, adhesive structures at the distal ends of the limbs have independently evolved, allowing these animals to adhere to inclined or even inverted

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• to the luminal environment rather than intracellular regions, indicating that surface chemistry governs not only nanoparticle uptake but also the spatial interpretation of the thermal maps. This distinction is crucial, as it means our thermal maps report on the temperature within the digestive tract

• outer tissues. Aldehyde fixatives act at the organism’s surface without significantly altering the internal optical environment where the UC nanoparticles are located. Because upconversion luminescence arises from lanthanide ions shielded within the nanoparticle matrix, its emission is largely

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• environment, but its distinct vibrational modes are often indistinguishable due to overlap with the Fe–O modes, especially since Fe3+ has a higher mass and stronger dipole moment change than Zn2+ and Mn2+. Magnetic properties of the core–shell NPs The magnetic saturation as a function of magnetic field of

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• PP3010. The gel sample underwent 5 min of etching via sublimation at −100 °C followed by sputtering in an argon environment using platinum for 60 s at a current of 10 mA. Once coated, the shuttle was transferred to the cryo-stage in the SEM chamber and maintained at −170 °C. Finally, the microstructure

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• organisms are almost exclusively left-handed, while sugars are predominantly right-handed [1][2]. This creates a chiral environment in the human body, where chiral drug molecules can exhibit enantioselective chemical and pharmacological behavior [3]. One example is the drug thalidomide, which was prescribed

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• of this vitamin from food matrices, initiating its active absorption into the body. A glycoprotein known as haptocorrin (HC; transcobalamin-I or R-binder), secreted by salivary and esophageal glands, binds to the released VB12 and shields it against the acidic environment of the stomach [47][51][52

• sensor could effectively oxidize Co2+ to Co3+ in almost entirely aqueous environment. Na et al. also showed that this chemosensor had a superb capacity to be an optical solid sensor [80]. Maity and Govindaraju earlier reported a colorimetric coumarin-conjugated thiocarbanohydrazone-based chemosensor

• the lucigenin-periodate reaction within an alkaline environment, where the Co2+ complex acted as the recognition unit, lucigenin served as the indicator, and the chemiluminescent response was the sensing signal. The CL emission under optimal conditions exhibited a direct linear relationship with Co2

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• in a realistic environment, the scientific bases are assumptions and analogies to chemically similar systems, rather than data. Several authors have synthesized and investigated (di)mannoside-coated AuNPs. While there are multiple applications [4], such NPs can also be seen as very crude models of

• . In other words, the nanoparticle has a non-centrosymmetric environment, which can simply be the presence of the gold surface. The noise-like feature at ~3400 cm−1 is assigned to hydrogen-bonded water as features above 3600 cm−1 should indicate non-hydrogen-bonded water. This is proof that water is

• concentrated carbohydrate solution (more than 40% of the total aqueous volume) provide a macromolecular crowding environment which diminishes particle interaction [42]. The dimanno-AuNPs used in this research were produced in a solution of ca. 50% dimannoside ligand, sufficient to decrease the agglomeration

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China 10.3762/bjnano.16.149 Abstract Herein we point out critical yet often overlooked barriers restraining the real-world impact and commercial viability of nanomaterials research. In spite of decades

• due to the inherent instability of 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials [23]. That is why, in most cases, nanomaterials require a specific medium and controlled environment for stability. In the same line, due their high surface energy, large surface area, and small size, nanomaterials naturally tend to

• exposure of such chemicals (nanoscale systems) to the environment is very poorly managed worldwide, with the exception of a few countries, namely the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Japan. Furthermore, the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems remains poorly understood and

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• , Tsomoriri, and Tsokar are typical instances of untouched alpine lakes that support indigenous species and lifestyles [1]. The Nainital lakes, including Naini Lake and Bhimtal Lake, are crucial to the region’s environment and tourism. The unique ecosystem of the lakes and rising anthropogenic pressures have

• microscopy (SEM) produces high-resolution images of particle shapes. It also indicates surface wear and tear patterns that reflect how old the MP is and how long it has been in the environment [38]. Ease of operation and minimal cost of optical microscopy make it widely used, despite being less sophisticated

• samples from the environment makes nanoscale plastics yet another challenge. Sophisticated methods such as thermal extraction desorption (TED) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are now routinely used to detect these particles. But these methods involve a lot of expertise and equipment. The

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , environment, and measurements, each contributing to formulation performance and quality consistency. Heatmap of the normalized risk scores (%) illustrating the impact of CMAs and CPPs on each element of the QTPP. Higher risk scores (darker shades) indicate stronger influence on final product quality and guide

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• the responsible development of these materials, supporting their use in innovative applications like drug delivery, while safeguarding health and the environment. Conclusion CNMs undeniably represent a promising frontier in drug delivery, offering a unique combination of high surface area, tuneable

• facilitated by the international dedicated agencies. Ultimately, by addressing these critical considerations and fostering a collaborative environment, the immense promise of CNMs as nanocarriers can be fully realised, paving the way for innovative and highly effective therapeutic interventions in cancer and

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• microscopy (NC-AFM) operation in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) environment at low temperature and has been developed tremendously over the last three decades [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In frequency-modulated NC-AFM, the cantilever is kept at oscillation with constant amplitude, yielding an interferometric signal

• stabilized so that the working point is the inflection point and center of symmetry of the time-dependent interferometer signal [16], implying that the mean cavity length is d0 = , where m is an odd integer and λ is the vacuum wavelength of the light used for interferometer operation in a UHV environment. As

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• [11][13]. Since the simulation assumed a frictionless vacuum environment, thermostats like dissipative particle dynamics and Langevin [53][54], which introduce implicit friction, are inherently unsuitable. In particular, Langevin dynamics led to unphysical effects such as loss of spatula jump-to

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• enantiomers (+) and (−) experience a different chemical environment is key. Otherwise, there might be a dynamic equilibrium between surface-adsorbed and mobile spin probes without stereodifferentiation. With this knowledge, it was possible to reach higher selectivity values than for the commercial material. A

• detailed information about the local environment. Furthermore, dipolar coupling to other electron spins in the direct environment allows for the determination of distances from 0 to 10 nm [38][39]. Giamello et al. have discussed in detail how this effect can be used to characterize the interaction of spin

• be compared to a commercial chiral chromatography material. Finally, we try to explain the observations by a more detailed picture of the local environment of the spin probe. Results and Discussion Achiral materials Three achiral aerogel materials (containing no chiral centers) were prepared as

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• observable beads, and a heterogeneous diameter distribution. Structural characterization of nanofibers Core–shell nanofibers create a protective environment for bioactive agents within the core, preserving their activity while enabling controlled release. By tailoring the shell architecture, the release

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• material; Polychaeta; protein phosphorylation; Introduction Many invertebrate marine organisms have adhesive mechanisms that allow them to firmly attach to various substrates in a wet and salty environment [1][2]. This remarkable ability has raised the interest of scientists in developing bio-inspired

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• solvents including methanol. The authors explained the influence of the methanol environment on the nanomaterial shape by attributing it to chemical reactions between iron and methanol molecules, which resulted in the formation of goethite (FeO(OH)) and subsequently led to nanowire growth: Since iron oxide

• number of studies. In [46], ZnO and Zn(OH)2 of different sizes and morphologies were formed by laser ablation in a liquid environment of different temperatures (50, 70, and 90 °C). The temperature increase enhances the interactions of a liquid with the formed NPs, thus promoting their surface

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• damping from the ambient environment is not accounted for in Equation 1 and may also be responsible for a small percentage of the difference between the two calculations of the spring constants. However, our results highlight that the measurement of the cantilever’s plan-view dimensions and using these