Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• loads. We experimentally determined the sub-nanoscale stick–slip motion and quantified its dependence on load and layer thickness. The corresponding mechanisms were proposed to explain the friction behaviors. This work bridges the gap between MD simulations and experiments, advancing 2D material

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• the bandgap of TiO2 [36]. The new energy levels can act as recombination centers for electrons and holes, affecting the emission and absorption of photons [37]. Doping metal ions such as Fe, Ni, Co, and Cu into TiO2 introduces mid-gap or surface states and defects, such as oxygen vacancies [38]. The

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• , respectively. The energy gap between these peaks (≈11.1 eV) is typical of Cr3+ species coordinated with oxygen in the Cr–O clusters of the MIL-101 framework [25]. Importantly, no signals related to Cr6+ species (usually observed at higher binding energies) are detected, confirming that chromium remains mainly

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• ). Rheological analyses Rheological properties of all hydrogels were evaluated using an ARES G2 rheometer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with a parallel-plate geometry (25 mm diameter, 0.9 mm gap) at 20 °C. Viscoelastic properties, including the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and loss

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• nanomaterials, thus helping to fill the current gap in the toxicity data for zebrafish [8]. A major driver of the development of nanomaterials, nanoinformatics and ML/AI is the potential for solutions to real-world issues, whether in nanomedicine, nano-enabled agriculture, or environmental remediation

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• superconducting gap, Δ(T), quasiparticles diffuse into the surrounding superconducting region, reducing the number of excitations within the core. This process results in a shrinkage of the vortex followed by a decrease of the viscous drag force, fvd, and an increase in the vortex velocity v [9]. When v exceeds

• produces a minigap at the Fermi energy, smaller than the superconducting gap of S and related to the thickness of the N layer, dN, by the relation where ΔS is the superconducting gap of the S layer. Since in the S/N bilayers ξN ≤ dN, quasiparticles will be more easily removed from the vortex core, and due

• almost one order of magnitude. This behaviour can be understood both in terms of proximity-induced modifications of the superconducting energy gap and the additional quasiparticle scattering present in the proximity coupled layers. In the NbRe/Au bilayer, the induced minigap in Au is comparable to that

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• fibers and tracheids across multiple species are lacking. This knowledge gap has limited our understanding of the fine structural details and variations in tracheid/fiber morphology. Therefore, we compared the morphological differences between the fibers of hardwood and tracheids of softwood of five wood

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• the molecular assembly governs birefringence in PAZO remains incomplete, leaving open questions about the fundamental mechanisms driving the observed photoresponsive behavior. This knowledge gap serves as the primary motivation for the present study. Here, we investigate the optical properties of PAZO

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• which input variables most strongly influence the output of a model. Adopting XAI frameworks also presents an opportunity to refine model architectures by ensuring they align more closely with known mechanistic or toxicological pathways, thereby bridging the gap between computational insights and domain

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• investigations were performed as described in Appendix A. Numerical simulations were carried out assuming a truncated superconducting screen with a gap between the structure and the screen edge of 50 μm. Thus, the screen size (225…170 μm × 243…177 μm) was larger compared to test C-shaped SQUIDs, which led to an

• for the purpose of simulation. The relevant parameter here is the gap (see Figure 2c) between the structure and the screen edge. Figure 11 shows the dependence of the simulated inductance of the test SQUID (see Figure 2b) on the gap parameter. The structure size was 64 μm × 26 μm; so the screen size

• varied from 74 μm × 36 μm to 264 μm × 226 μm. The obtained values of the self- and mutual inductance were normalized to the experimentally measured ones. It can be seen that for gap ≤ 50 μm, the deviation of the simulation results from the experimental values is only about 1–2% for ah = 1 μm and ahb

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• type-I (κ < κ0) and type-II (κ > κ0) behavior [4]. However, experimental studies have shown that this traditional dichotomy is incomplete even for superconductors with a single gap function (single-band superconductors). In materials with κGL close to κ0, the magnetic flux penetrates the sample in

• beyond simple pairwise interactions and decisively shape IMS vortex configurations [26][27]. Despite the long-standing experimental evidence and theoretical efforts, IT superconductivity remains insufficiently explored. This gap arises from the limitations of perturbative approaches, which are strictly

• superconducting state is determined by solving the BdG equations [1][29]: where ui and vi are the particle and hole components of the quasiparticle wave function, and μ is the chemical potential. The superconducting gap Δi and Hartree–Fock potential Ui are obtained self-consistently from where n labels the BdG

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• energy gap between thermally coupled levels [42]. In our results, these effects are minimized, as the FIR calibration exhibits a consistent and linear temperature dependence over the 25–33 °C range, with no significant deviations from the expected response. This suggests that our UCNP system provides

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• junctions have ultimate characteristics unreachable to devices based on other principles [1][2][3]. The unique nonlinearity of the current–voltage characteristic (IVC) near the gap voltage of the junction enables the gain of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal after mixing with the radiation from the

• atmosphere gas components at the TELIS mission on board of the stratospheric balloon [17]. However, the LO based on FFO has some problems yet to be solved. The operation frequency of the FFO is limited by the gap frequency of the superconducting niobium that forms one or both of its electrodes [18

• ratio Rj/Rn over 20, where Rj and Rn are the resistance of the SIS junction below and above the gap voltage Vg, respectively [20]. A high tunnel current density is crucial for the RF and IF bandwidth of the mixer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the FFO based on Nb alloys has not been developed

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• to it. This phenomenon, known as the proximity effect, enables normal material to support supercurrents and to exhibit a reduced density of states near the Fermi level, where a gap opens in the single-particle spectrum as electrons form into Cooper pairs [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, unpaired

• the density of states (DOS) at low energies in the NM, that is, the proximity gap, induced by its proximity to the SC. The magnitude of the gap depends on the curvature parameter η. The proximity gap sets the lowest quasiparticle excitation energy scale in the NM region, crucial for coherence and

• stability of superconducting hybrid devices. For NS junctions with large positive curvature, that is, for quasi-low-dimensional structures, a robust proximity gap emerges, persisting over extended distances because of enhanced superconducting correlations. However, real systems often exhibit a soft gap in

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• very little penetration into everyday public life. This stark gap highlights a sobering reality: Even after decades of research and good funding, the real-world integration and due consumption of nanomaterials are still minimal. When we compare the return on investment and impact with other

• commercialization of these advancements. As a result, only a few companies are currently utilizing the potential of nanomaterials by training their workforce accordingly (Table 1). To overcome this gap, we need globally structured and domain-specific educational programs in nanoengineering, starting from secondary

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• application of nanomaterials for microplastic removal is elaborated in detail, and case studies validated their effectiveness, especially in cold environments with strong UV irradiation. In the face of increasing worldwide research into microplastic contamination, there remains a huge knowledge gap concerning

• spring water and fish highlights potential exposure. This gap underscores the urgent need for region-specific health monitoring and food safety assessments. Recent studies report the identification of MPs in bottled and mountain spring-collected tap water samples and their bioaccumulation in the human

• another important knowledge gap since toxicity mechanisms, exposure routes, and long-term risks are still not well established. It should be directed towards understanding ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, as well as to MP ability to act as a vector of toxic chemicals and microorganisms

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• Stone–Wales defect opens a direct bandgap of 0.06 eV and an indirect bandgap of 0.05 eV. In h-BN, the Stone–Wales defect leads to defect levels within the bandgap and narrows the direct gap to 3.31 eV and the indirect gap to 3.11 eV, which is in line with reported theoretical results [33]. Figure 3

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• surface tension [13]. Rheological analysis The rheological behavior of the ME formulations was evaluated using an MCR-302 rheometer (Anton Paar) equipped with a cone-plate geometry (50 mm diameter, 1° angle, and 96 µm gap). Samples were subjected to a shear rate ranging from 0.1 to 100 s−1 at both room

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• , theoretical methods have helped to gain deeper insights, but there is still a gap in experimental data. Different experimental methods are used to investigate transport in porous media. Chromatography itself has to be counted as one method that delivers information about the macroscopic properties of a

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• critical gap persists in thoroughly understanding the complex polymer–lipid interactions, particularly in systems designed for the simultaneous co-encapsulation of compounds with vastly different physicochemical properties, such as hydrophilic HA and lipophilic βCp. An in-depth understanding of these

• engineered for hyaluronic acid and βCp co-delivery. The insights gained from this investigation are crucial for bridging this specific knowledge gap and may guide the design of optimized hybrid therapeutic platforms. Results and Discussion This study aimed to develop and investigate PLA nanofibers

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• characterization of the adhesive system of S. alveolata through the ultrastructural and chemical characterization of the two types of adhesive cells and the cement they produce, as well as the identification of new adhesive protein candidates. Another goal is to address the gap in knowledge about adhesive protein

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• achieved. Despite recent advances, there is still a gap in understanding the routes for shape control of the forming nanomaterials hindered by the limited information about the mechanisms of laser ablation process in liquids. The demand for anisotropic nanomaterials is growing, associated with the rapid