Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• -eigenmode oscillation acts as a highly sensitive sensor for detecting the aforementioned interaction gradients. Employing low oscillation amplitudes under modal vibration conditions is a well-established strategy that has been proven to further enhance sensitivity [26][27][28]. The underlying mechanism is

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• structural modification. [26]. Aptamer-based biosensors [27] fully utilize these characteristics by combining various signal amplification techniques and nanomaterials (such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes), enabling highly sensitive detection of biomarkers

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• active sites on catalytic materials. These surface sites, often structurally undercoordinated and electronically distinct from the bulk material, drive the transformation of reactants into products. While catalysts regenerate at the end of each cycle, their surfaces can be highly sensitive and unstable

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• , offering the potential to replace conventional high-performance silicon-based devices with transient alternatives. In aqueous environments, silicon undergoes degradation via well-defined mechanisms with the rate of dissolution being highly sensitive to external conditions [42][44]. Elevated temperatures

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• highly selective and efficient photosensitizer delivery systems. Ir(III) complexes are excellent photosensitizers due to their highly sensitive excited-state properties in response to the surrounding environment, high photostability, and unique intracellular localization [137][138]. However, the

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• selectivity, particularly kinetic selectivity. To address this, we developed a method based on in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM), which is highly sensitive and can detect changes in optical absorption caused by a single carbon nanotube. The technique allows for imaging tens to hundreds of

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• developing SQUIDs, which are highly sensitive instruments designed to measure extremely weak magnetic fields. The operation of a SQUID is intimately linked to the fundamental properties of superconductors and their interaction with magnetic fields. Therefore, the results of this work demonstrate the

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• uncomplicated method for producing Ag@ZnO NRs. These fabricated Ag@ZnO NRs play an effective role as an electron mediator in the development of lead chemical sensors which are both highly sensitive and robust in nature. Based on our current understanding, the lead sensor we developed exhibits the most notable

• ions such as lead. The reason for this is that the addition of silver decreases the holes and electron recombination rate, resulting in an expansion of the surface area. Subsequently, they were effectively employed as an electron mediator in the fabrication of highly sensitive lead sensors. The fact

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• effects, such as second-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing, are highly sensitive to the intensity of the electromagnetic field [1][57][58]. Moreover, mode confinement within the high-index regions of 1D photonic crystals plays a crucial role in the development of all-optical switches. These devices

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• combs, there is also a sword-like nanocrystal, see Figure 6c. It is the comb ribbon formed before the teeth are constituted and developed. Combs reported by research groups have various morphologies and sizes, remarkably depending on fabrication conditions [46][52][53][54][55][56][57]. They are highly

• sensitive in gas-sensing applications [58][59], and can be used to tune second harmonic polaritons coupling with nanocavity modes and generating polariton cavity modes [60]. The aforementioned results indicate the variety of ZnO nanostructures as well as complex physical mechanisms occurring during their

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• , usNPs are therefore more biocompatible than larger NPs. However, it is important to emphasize that the physicochemical and biological properties of usNPs are highly sensitive to NP size and surface chemistry [64][67][68], and usNPs can still impact protein activity, biochemical pathways, and cellular

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biosensors, with a low limit of quantification and detection. A real-time simulation of a highly sensitive specific antigen biosensor was also performed by Gao et al. [87] using silicon NW FET-based CMOS technology. In this work, both P- and N-type NW arrays were designed and incorporated into one chip using

• biomolecule species. Wenga et al. [90] designed a step-gate polysilicon FET-based biosensor for the detection of DNA. An emerging step-gate polycrystalline silicon NW FET-based biosensor was fabricated to enable highly sensitive electrical biosensing for DNA hybridization detection with a low-cost and simple

• fabrication process. The polysilicon NW FET (PSi-NW) is based on a silicon NW transistor with CMOS technology, implemented in highly sensitive biosensors for the detection of biological species. The PSi-NW is synthesized using the sidewall spacer formation technique and designed with a five-mask process with

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• ratio. Moreover, their extensive surface exposure renders them highly sensitive to ambient and external influences, amplifying chemical reactivity [13] and bestowing attractive properties regarding electrochemical and catalytic reactions [14]. Furthermore, the ability to stack these materials

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• and enables the use of small oscillation amplitudes (A1 ≃ 50 pm), which render the probe highly sensitive to the short-range regime of interatomic forces. (ii) Their high quality factor (Q, ≃105 in a LT UHV system), which renders the PLL highly sensitive to the frequency tracking. (iii) Their

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• was measured by a Hall probe with an accuracy of ±0.3 Oe. The sample temperature was monitored using an Allen-Bradley thermometer that is highly sensitive in the temperature range of interest. The temperature measurement error was ±(5–6) mK below 3 K. The superconducting critical temperature Tc was

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• semiconducting grain boundaries can be considerably increased in the presence of strain. Hence, the asymmetric metallic grain boundaries undergo a metal–semiconductor transition in the presence of strain. This effect could open a way to utilize grain boundaries in graphene for fabricating highly sensitive

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• durability. These impressive attributes are attributed to the deliberate design of geometric structures and careful selection of connection types for the sensing materials, thereby presenting a novel approach to fabricating stretchable and highly sensitive crack-strain sensors. This work offers a universal

• -dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanostacks [23]. The sensor exhibited a high GF of 772.6 when subjected to a strain range of 40–70%, owing to the presence of cracks induced in the MXene layer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) acting as bridges. In a separate study, Xin et al. reported the fabrication of highly sensitive

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• popular and appealing since the presence of a specific pathogen can be easily observed by a simple change in color, which can be distinguished easily with the naked eye eliminating any use of expensive and complex types of equipment [29][30][31]. In this research, we provide a novel and highly sensitive

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• factor of almost 256 (Figure 7D). This observation underscores the importance of optimizing GNP size for maximizing sensitivity while mitigating potential drawbacks. This finding opens new possibilities for the highly sensitive and quantitative detection using LFAs, enhancing the applicability in various

• to functionalize with targeting agents such as antibodies and aptamers for LFAs. Therefore, photothermal LFAs are believed to play a significant role in the development of highly sensitive LFAs and other POCT devices. Schematic representation of photothermal LFA (Figure 1 was reprinted from [27

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• tool for detecting ultralow concentrations of chemical compounds and biomolecules. We present a reproducible method for producing Ag nanoparticles that can be used to create highly sensitive SERS substrates. A microfluidic device was employed to confine the precursor reagents within the droplets

• [40][41][42]. Silicon nanostructures with high specific areas are especially popular because they have no fluorescence properties. In this work, we report on the synthesis of a highly sensitive SERS substrate for detecting rhodamine B (RhB) and melamine (MLM) and on the analytical properties of the

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• ]. Copper oxide (CuO) nanowires are excellent candidates for applications in such devices owing to the inexpensive, simple and scalable bottom-up synthesis, and robust physical properties [7][8][9]. A high specific surface area of nanowires and a p-type semiconductor structure are suggested for highly

• sensitive and fast responding nanowire-based gas sensors for the detection of CO, C2H5OH, H2S, and NO2 [10][11][12][13][14]. Unusually strong space-charge-limited currents observed in individual CuO nanowires [15] in combination with the mechanical strength [9][16] motivate their application as durable

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• : GaN/Ag; magnetron sputtering; nanofabrication; pulsed laser deposition; SERS substrates; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and specific technique with multiplexing capabilities [1][2][3][4]. It is considered for

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• sensor based on a carbon nanotube–cellulose ink that proves to be highly sensitive to various solvents and water with different impurity levels and can detect glycerin in water down to the 10–100 ppm range. We provide insights into the liquid detection mechanism, combining the well-known swelling