Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• . In other words, the nanoparticle has a non-centrosymmetric environment, which can simply be the presence of the gold surface. The noise-like feature at ~3400 cm−1 is assigned to hydrogen-bonded water as features above 3600 cm−1 should indicate non-hydrogen-bonded water. This is proof that water is

• , 30 min of exposure to D2O were insufficient to fully exchange the hydrogen atoms in the dimannose hydroxy groups [31]. However, given the large excess of D2O, it is expected to displace the thin layers of adsorbed water. As shown in Figure 5B, this expectation is confirmed: The CH region remains

• tendency. The observed excellent stability of dimanno-AuNPs may be associated with the physical constraint of the dimannoside being present during synthesis and the strong intra-NP hydrogen bonding interactions. These properties are also reflected in the macroscale structures formed upon adsorption

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• inadequate in scale and, in most cases, are not practically useful for real-world applications, especially in the context of advanced technologies. In this regard, more than 85% of nanomaterials synthesis and production processes involve the use of hazardous chemicals such as hydrogen cyanide, sulfuric acid

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• MPs. They are therefore ideal for use in high-altitude lakes [44]. The goal of chemical methods for MP remediation is to convert polymers into non-toxic substances. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) use strong oxidants like ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or hydroxyl radicals to break down MPs [45]. The

• most promising among them are photocatalytic processes that utilize titanium dioxide nanoparticles under UV radiation. These are very efficient degradation processes for degrading plastics to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water [43]. Fenton reactions, involving a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and iron

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• for water adsorption and retention, owing to their large number of pendant hydrophilic groups and atoms capable of forming hydrogen bonds, such as nitrogen and oxygen. The second and third stages corresponded to the degradation and cleavage of the HA chains, resulting in mass losses of approximately

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• hydrogen and peroxide radicals, as well as hydroxide and hydrogen ions that are changing the liquid parameters (such as pH) and can participate in the processes occurring with NPs during the later stages of growth, self-organization, and ageing. The produced reactive species might result in NP surface

• during Mn target ablation in a nickel chloride solution, by the involvement of hydrogen radicals, hydroxide ions, and hydroxyl groups reacting with Ni2+ ions. The authors state further shape transformation of the formed nanosheets into hierarchical spheres. In a similar process, Hunter et al. [51

• ] prepared nanosheets of mixed nickel and iron hydroxide with a complex composition ([Ni1−xFex(OH)2](NO3)y(OH)x−y·nH2O). The authors used nanosecond ablation of the dispersed metal powders in a salt solution of the second element. The effect of hydrogen ions formed as a result of a liquid decomposition was

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• ) (PMOZ) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOZ) [82][83]. Structurally, these polymers have short alkyl side chains that contribute to high hydrophilicity and flexibility. Unlike the entangled PEG chains due to interchain hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, poly(2-oxazoline) chains have shorter side

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• secreted by the foot [4]. Each thread ends in an adhesive plaque composed of mussel foot proteins (Mfps), which are rich in the modified amino acid ʟ-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) [5]. DOPA is formed via post-translational hydroxylation of tyrosine and mediates wet surface adhesion through hydrogen

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• conventional treatments removing only 40–70%, especially struggling with smaller particles. Based mainly on mechanisms like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and surface complexation, adsorbent nanomaterials achieve over 90% removal of MPs and

• general and MPs in particular. By using corncob biochar, Abdoul Magid et al. showed an adsorption of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) of about 19 mg·g−1. The main mechanisms of PSNP adsorption include increased surface area from pyrolysis and oxidation, hydrophobic interactions (fresh biochar), hydrogen

• between oppositely charged functional groups (amino and carboxyl groups), hydrogen bonding between oxygen-containing groups and amine or carboxyl groups, and π–π stacking between GO and the aromatic rings of MPs [68]. Similarly, obtaining an MP adsorption capacity above 90.4% after three cycles, Ko et al

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• piezoelectric performance of such promising materials for energy harvesting as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) through strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy groups of LDHs and the electronegative fluorine atoms of PVDF [11]. In the work of Shetty et al., incorporation of a low content of sodium

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• × 1016 cm−2. This increase is accompanied by a slight decrease in the atomic concentration of oxygen and hydrogen, which decreases by 3 atom %, as indicated in Table 2 and Figure 3b. Next, we studied PI implanted with 20 keV Ag ions. It is clear from Figure 3c and Table 3 that there are only negligible

• elements such as oxygen and hydrogen in most cases (GO and PI). The most pronounced changes were achieved at an energy of 1.5 MeV and an ion fluence of 1 × 1016 cm−2. A similar trend was confirmed by XPS. We also observed changes in roughness as a result of ion irradiation. It was shown that the

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• system. Consequently, coating the nanoparticle surface with hydrophilic polymers decreases hydrophobicity and enhances its stealth properties [64]. Polymeric coating strategies are instrumental in preventing interactions with mucin through hydrophobic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonds, while also

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• revealed that H2 promotes the formation of a dense OH–H2O phase below the graphene. In contrast, CO alone showed minimal intercalation and instead scavenged oxygen. When CO and H2 were pulsed together, hydrogen modified the undercover chemistry: the formation of the OH-H2O phase lifts the graphene flake

• ) are coupled to the HIPPIE and SPECIES endstations to allow for photoirradiation in both UHV and ambient pressure environments (Figure 9) [44]. The most environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels is green hydrogen; however, producing it at a reasonable price remains challenging. A prominent

• application is photocatalytic water splitting for green hydrogen production. Urpelainen and colleagues clarified the mechanisms of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a new prospective model system, the Ni@NiO/NiCO3 photocatalyst, under dark and illuminated conditions at 1 mbar of H2O [45

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• spontaneously from the organization of active or natural compounds, without the presence of a carrier material or excipients. Their stability is due to the presence of intermolecular interactions, such as electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions [104][105]. Among the

• ) complex that targets the PD-L1 gene, a cell-penetrating peptide, and a tumor cell membrane derived from HepG2 cells. Characterization of the nanoparticles showed that the nanocomplex was stabilized by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic forces. In addition, confocal microscopy, gene

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• pollutants adsorbed on its surface. In Fenton and Fenton-like processes, hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are formed when hydrogen peroxide reacts with a metallic active phase, such as Fe2+, facilitating the oxidation and breakdown of contaminants [58]. Table 2 depicts the advantages and limitations of various

• the process. The removal of MPs by adsorbents primarily relies on hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, which are influenced by their surface characteristics. Among various adsorbents, activated carbon and biochar have gained wide attention for treating water

• . Interaction with oxygen forms peroxy radicals, which extract hydrogen atoms from the polymer backbone, creating hydroperoxide intermediates. These intermediates break down into alkoxy radicals, which further react to produce carbonyl and vinyl groups, markers of advanced photo-oxidation. The presence of these

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• nanowires remove 90–97% OFL in water with a high initial concentration of 50 ppm in 6 h under UV light irradiation for up to six cycles. The contributions of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) additive were also studied. An enhanced efficiency could be achieved only when the H2O2 in water reaches a critical

• . Hydrogen peroxide (30 wt %, AR), HNO3 (65 wt %, AR), and ethyl alcohol (99.7 wt %, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Melamine (99 wt %, AR) was purchased from Aladdin, China. PHILPS Lighting Investment Company Limited, China, provided the UV lamp. All chemicals were used

• and deionized water alternately in an ultrasonic bath, followed by drying at 60 °C. After that, it was immersed in 200 mL of a 30 wt % H2O2 solution, containing 60 mg of melamine, 4 mL of 65 wt % HNO3, and 1 g of titanium sponge, at 80 °C for 24 h to facilitate the precipitation of hydrogen titanate

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• and the presence of specific ions, such as hydrogen phosphate and chloride (HPO42− and Cl−) [43] are known to accelerate the degradation process. The biodegradation rate of silicon is also influenced by its crystallographic structure. Polycrystalline silicon degrades faster than single-crystalline

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• reagents or solvent systems [39][40]. DESs are formed through hydrogen bonding between two solid components resulting in eutectic liquids having a melting point lower than those of the individual components [41][42]. They offer advantages such as simple synthesis, low cost, and broad applications in

• the CNTs was found to be increased with the successive growth of dendrimers resulting in dense carbon nanotubes. It could be due to the interactions such as hydrogen bonding between the growing number of functional groups on the surface of CNTs because of successive growth of dendrimers. Moreover

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , electrochemical/photoelectrochemical sensors, hydrogen/oxygen evolution, SERS sensors and other types of devices reported so far. The last section explains the challenges and further scope of these devices from laser-generated nanocolloids. Keywords: HER/OER/water splitting; laser synthesis of nanomaterials

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• step of the entire process [3]. During this stage, small silver nanoparticles (seeds) can combine and evolve into anisotropic nanostructures through a chemical process in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium borohydride, commonly referred to as the Mirkin method [4]. Recently

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• utilizing silica sand and corn straw biochar for 10 µm PS particles [38]. For particles larger than 75 µm, mechanisms such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions dominate, while smaller particles (<75 µm) are removed through π–π interactions between the benzene rings of PS and biochar surfaces

• , surface adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and surface complexation [67]. These findings highlight the potential of diverse biochar configurations for efficient MP removal under various conditions. Recent studies on biochar derived from coffee waste modified with amino-functionalized zeolite/phosphoric acid

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• the C/O ratio of the PCTA film. This decrease in the C/O ratio is likely attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between the –OH groups in Ag(NH3)2OH and the PDA layer. These interactions enhance the oxygen content relative to carbon, thereby reducing the C/O ratio. Collectively, these results

• primary factors. First, the abundant –OH and amino groups in PDA promote hydrogen bonding with water molecules, thereby enhancing the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface. This effect is further amplified by the dopamine coating, which not only increases the membrane thickness but also augments its

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• reactions of hydrogen peroxides in LIPs under the name of the Fenton reaction [59][60]. In addition, iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) such as IRP1 and IRP2 regulate the expression of DMT1 and TfR1, ferritin, and FPN1 by binding to the mRNA of iron response elements (IREs). Under iron deficiency conditions

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• renewable and sustainable energy sources has become a top priority in science and technology [1][2]. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting systems hold significant promises for converting abundant solar energy into chemical fuels, such as hydrogen [3][4]. However, their widespread application is still

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

• ), 2900 cm−1 (C–H stretching), and 1420 cm−1 (C–H bending), which align with the chemical structure of PVA [22][24]. When NC was added, the O–H stretching peak became broader and shifted slightly to 3315 cm−1, which can be attributed to the hydrogen bonding between PVA and NC [24]. For rCBP, additional

• characteristic peaks confirm the presence of functional groups associated with PE-CEO and polymer interactions. The broad absorption band around 3300 cm−1 corresponds to O–H stretching vibrations, indicating hydrogen bonding between the biopolymer and PE-CEO components [24]. The intensity of the peaks at 1730 cm

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• - or intermolecularly cross-linked by chemical bonding or physical interaction (Figure 1). Physical cross-linking is performed using interactions other than the covalent bond, such as hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction. Physical cross-links can be reversibly dissociated and recombined under specific

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of