Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• structural defects [16]. CN materials have been extensively studied as environmentally friendly semiconductors with remarkable photocatalytic properties and facile synthesis [17][18][19][20][21]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that incorporating cations during CN synthesis can lead to different

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• ][23][24], and HCIs add potential energy that can lead to larger defect complexes [25]. At megaelectronvolt energies, damage is dominated by electronic excitation and can be tuned by the irradiation geometry (e.g., grazing incidence) [26][27]. While fundamental studies of ion irradiation-induced defect

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• cell adhesion, while excessively high concentrations lead to gelation, making fluid handling impossible. The microfluidic device was put in the refrigerator (4 °C, 2 h) (Figure S8iii). Thereafter, culture medium was introduced into the channel at a flow rate of 10 μL/min for 10 min to replace the

Superconducting artificial neural networks and quantum circuits

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 744–747, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.51

• complex topology, such as Fibonacci chains, enhanced spatial oscillations of the superconducting order parameter lead to a pronounced reduction of the critical temperature [26]. These findings are important for the design and optimisation of superconducting circuits, hybrid devices, and superconducting

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• particularly sensitive to the synthetic environment because Cu readily changes its oxidation state (Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+) depending on the oxidative atmosphere during annealing [9][10]. As a result, slight variations in oxygen partial pressure can significantly alter phase evolution and often lead to undesired

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• , medical and research institutions, household waste, and agricultural practices are major contributors [1]. Pollution arises from any chemical, biological, physical, or radiological substance that impacts soil, water, air, or living beings. These include metals (e.g., lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium

• ]. In addition, CTAB- and ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs exhibit catalytic activity in the removal of p-nitrophenol [8][9]. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; Permissible Exposure Limits, 29 CFR 1910.1000), arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, beryllium, and mercury are the

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• explained only by a single Lorentz factor, but they fall into the expected order of magnitude. With Γ the radiative decay rate, integrating the rate equations over T lead to a fluorescence signal varying as: In our experiment Γexc ≫ Γ, so that the emission can be just written as: It is straightforward to

Protein-based custom-designed molecular nanotraps for biomedical applications

• Devid Maniglio,
• Alice Marinangeli and
• Alessandra Maria Bossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 683–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.47

• isoforms. While the intrinsic complexity and variability of protein-based systems may facilitate the achievement of high complementarity with the intended molecular target, thus permitting a fine-tuning of the bioMIP function, it can also lead to substantial challenges in handling and in the

• encoding biological functions (e.g., cell adhesion sequences such as RGD), which could lead to unintended biological interactions and off-target effects. Resulting from these considerations, the route to turn the first evidences on the potential of bioMIPs into consolidated nanomaterials for biomedical

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• species [28]. These combined effects lead to faster degradation of rhodamine B compared to pure TiO2. The different kinetic behavior of the samples reflects differences in particle size and Ag surface modification. The kinetic models are used as empirical descriptions of the overall process rather than

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• , orbital, or charge isospin may lead to variants of the high-symmetry Kondo effect involving different degrees of freedom [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Spin and orbital degeneracies can occur simultaneously, leading to a Kondo ground state of SU(4) symmetry with orbital–spin entanglement. The

• addressing questions across various domains of condensed matter and field theory [45][46][47][48]. Using spin or charge Kondo building blocks could eventually lead to quantum simulations of exotic lattice models, including those almost unrealistic in solid-state systems. The motivation for studies of high

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• energy within this internal continuum. By allowing the excited electron to delocalize and leave the excitation site, similar PCI effects as in the vacuum continuum will take place. While discrete energy states would only lead to the observation of particular satellite features, only a continuum provides

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• in Agro-GOP (4.2%), Agro-GOX (2.7%), and Agro-GOC (2.3%) are attributed to nitrogen-containing compounds, such as amino acids, naturally present in the biomass, which lead to the incorporation of nitrogen functionalities into the Agro-GO samples. In contrast, nitrogen observed in rGO is likely due to

• with a higher content of oxygen functionalities favor the formation of smaller, more uniformly distributed AuNPs, a feature particularly advantageous for applications in catalysis, sensing, and plasmonic enhancement [30]. In contrast, reduced or less functionalized GO supports lead to the growth of

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• state lead to additional tunneling channels, which is reflected in symmetric steps of the differential conductance in the dI/dV spectra [144]. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the excitation energies are directly related to the crystal-field split anisotropy of the defect in its atomic

• control over defect positioning, uniformity (only one and the same defect present), and scalability, which ultimately will lead to useful technological applications. What are the limitations of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in identifying and quantifying defect concentrations in 2D materials, and how

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• (CuxNi1−x)3Sn/Cu in lead-free solder joints. The results reveal that, within the thermodynamically stable domain of (CuxNi1−x)3Sn, the increase of Ni content can enhance the interfacial mechanical properties of (CuxNi1−x)3Sn/Cu, and increase the reliability of the lead-free solder joints. The enhancement

• thermodynamic mechanisms and decrease the reliability of the lead-free solder joints. The results presented in this study will not only unveil the effects of Ni alloying on the interfacial properties of lead-free solder joints, but also will provide a guidance for high-performance lead-free solder design by

• alloying strategies to meet the requirements for electronic device miniaturization and harsh environmental applications. Keywords: ductility; elastic modulus; interfacial toughness; lead-free solder; work of adhesion; Introduction Due its toxicity, lead has caused serious problems in human health and

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• with periodic-table-based descriptors such as an increase in oxygen count, electronegativity, and formation of a cationic charge, all influence cell membrane damage, and had the potential to influence oxidative damage through free radical accumulation, which could lead to changes in the survival rate

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• essential mainly during the early stages of crop development. This scenario could lead to impeded diffusion and consequent slow release of nutrients from the zeolitic material into the soil solution. This late delivery of nutrients is consistent with the concept of slow or controlled release and increases

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• integrins and, at the same time, high Rku with sharp nanofeatures hindered cell migration. As a result, there was no sufficient cell–cell interaction, which may lead to the detachment of cells [34]. It was reported that surfaces characterized by low CA values do not support fibroblast adhesion. Kim et al

• -thrombogenic plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, which is present in PRP and was used for the study [46]. This can lead to the formation of fibrin clots on the biomaterial surface [47]. To date, PDA coatings prepared using a traditional way (slow air oxidation) have been known for increasing the adhesion of

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• fields. Figure 4b extends this analysis to a four-nanodot system with initial configuration (), and coercive fields ordered as hc1 < hc2 < hc3 < hc4. Here, multiple pulse sequences lead to distinct final polarization states depending on their magnitude and order. The sequence (−q,+q) results in whereas

• even simple temporal inputs are transformed into complex, spatially structured responses that can be linearly separated by a readout layer. (iv) History dependence and non-commutativity. Because switching paths depend on the temporal order of inputs, the same final field value may lead to different

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• surfaces. However, they are specifically designed for a single wavelength, and their use with ultrashort pulses can lead to substantial temporal pulse broadening [101]. Laser beam shaping technologies can be also categorised into static and dynamic systems. Static systems include components such as

• lenses in PLAL can lead to the formation of nanoribbons [140], and this may be attributed to two main mechanisms. First, the initially formed Ag nanospheres could undergo nanowelding under the influence of a line-shaped light sheet produced by cylindrical focusing, leading to chain- or ribbon-like

• energy continuously, it can lead to the suppression of the cavitation bubble and monodisperse NP size distributions [160][161]. However, the constant emission of CW lasers heats the target, inducing boiling of the surrounding liquid. The boiling liquid and the generated bubbles scatter the incident beam

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• /N [26][27][28][29][30] or S/F [31][32][33][34] systems, different mechanisms can influence the vortex dynamics depending on the thickness and conductivity of the capping layer. In particular, a sufficiently thick metallic overlayer may lead to a damping of vortex motion due to eddy currents induced

• to their lower energy, they will relax faster. This implies smaller τE and higher critical velocity. Based on these considerations, it is expected that coupling the superconductor with a ferromagnetic material should lead to a further increase in critical velocity, as experimentally observed [31][32

• relaxation channel, promoting faster quasiparticle recombination. However, this effect competes with additional spin-related relaxation channels due to the splitting of the electronic band, which can lead to a slower recovery of the superconducting condensate. Therefore, in general, the net effect of a

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• applied is fixed (i.e., tens of milliseconds) oxide size increases linearly with pulse amplitude but logarithmically with pulse width [59]. As expected, higher voltages and longer oxidation times increase oxide thickness but may lead to tip wear and reduced lateral resolution. During LAO, the tip

• contact-mode conditions with applied forces around 1500 nN, which may lead to tip coating wear if the ohmic contact is not facilitated by the presence of a water meniscus. Despite this, the authors demonstrate consistent and reproducible patterning over hundreds of micrometers, achieved at writing speeds

• surfaces), and environmental factors, such as humidity, which can impact reproducibility. LAO-grown oxide is less dense than thermally grown oxide, and mechanical stress between the substrate and oxide layer may lead to defects. In addition, the insulating nature of SiO2 limits its versatility compared to

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• are currently explored for various biomedical applications, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and the improvement of antiviral drug delivery systems [5][6]. In some cases, the antimicrobial properties of NPs lead to creation of new “nano-antimicrobial” materials [7]. The mechanism by which

• increased inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus using washed Cu/CBV-600-bramante may be attributed to the removal of excess material, which could lead to an increase in surface area and active sites [45]. Most importantly, these results demonstrate that the fabrics retain their antimicrobial activity even

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• has been found that layers of gold with a thickness below 10 nm would lead to an inhomogeneous layer with separated gold “islands” throughout the surface rather than a continuous layer [28]. Because of this, we chose to use a gold layer thickness of 10 nm, the limit to have uniform layers found in

• glass substrate, then a dip in the visible region, and finally an increase towards the IR region. We can observe a relatively high absorbance around 800 nm with transmittances down to 40%, which could lead to losses and undesired thermal effects. The complex permittivity of single layers of the