Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• /substrate interface. In liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) [25][26], polar aprotic solvents such as NMP and dimethylformamide (DMF) [27] have long been recognized as effective solvents for layered materials [28][29]. In this work, both NMP and DMF deliver strong cleaning performance under our post-transfer

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• local damage, systemic associations highlight the urgent need for innovative therapies. Herein, we present an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by picosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), using Salvia officinalis aqueous extract (sage extract) as both medium and stabilizer

• inflammation. This dual antibacterial and regenerative action demonstrates the high potential of sage-assisted PLAL-synthesized AgNPs as a safe, sustainable strategy for periodontal disease treatment. Keywords: cell proliferation; periodontal disease; pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL); Salvia officinalis

• , specifically pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), involves laser ablation of a metal target immersed in a liquid, upon which a laser plasma is produced and nanoparticles are generated [4]. To the best of our knowledge, although PLAL is traditionally associated with lower yields compared to conventional

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• substrates, which limit the physicochemical flexibility of the cellular microenvironment. Here, we introduce a microfluidic platform in which a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface formed between perfluorocarbon (FC-43) and culture medium serves as a substrate for epithelial cell adhesion. By culturing

• Caco-2 cells in the device, we show that the liquid interface supports cell attachment and the formation of monolayers. Immunofluorescence observation reveals the development of tight junctions and organized actin cytoskeletons, indicating early-stage epithelial maturation. Our new microfluidic system

• enables the formation of stable liquid–liquid interfaces that serve as viable and flexible substrates for epithelial cell culture, offering new opportunities for multiphase microfluidic models of epithelial barriers. Keywords: Caco-2; collagen; FC-43; gut-on-a-chip; liquid–liquid interface; Introduction

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• metallic layers is their thickness: the thinner the layer, the lower the temperature at which it transforms into isolated islands. It can be stated that the significant influence of surface energy in thin-film structures, phase separation boundaries (layer–substrate, layer–liquid phase), grain boundaries

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• H7650 at 80 kV. dFONs were deposited on copper grids previously charged (positively) by glow discharge technique. A drop of the dFONs colloidal solution was left on the charged grid for 1 min, and the excess of liquid was gently removed with a paper by capillarity. Then, a drop of aqueous uranyl acetate

• solution was added on the dFONs-loaded grid for 3 min. Afterward, the excess of liquid was again removed by capillarity. The size distribution was determined using ImageJ software. Coverslip preparation A 10 µL droplet of individual nanoparticles was deposited onto a glass coverslip, which was then heated

Protein-based custom-designed molecular nanotraps for biomedical applications

• Devid Maniglio,
• Alice Marinangeli and
• Alessandra Maria Bossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 683–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.47

• rich in glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, gelatin is a denatured and fragmented form of collagen produced through partial acidic or basic hydrolysis [13]. Gelatin is a water-soluble polymer that typically undergoes a temperature-dependent gelation, with the transition from a liquid to a hydrogel

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• samples was assessed using a Data Physics OCA 15EC contact angle goniometer (Filderstadt, Germany). A 2 µL droplet of liquid was placed on the scaffold surface, and the contact angle (CA) was measured after 3 s at a temperature of 21 °C. The Owens–Wendt method was used to calculate the components of the

• surface free energy (SFE), which in its basic form employs two probe liquids with known polar and dispersive components. In this study, water and diiodomethane were used to determine the values of and , while formamide was applied as an additional reference liquid to verify the repeatability and

• work of photocatalyst. After irradiation, the liquid phase was removed from the vial, the material was washed with distilled water, dried under reduced pressure (1 mbar, 25 °C, 1 h), and used in the next run without any additional treatment. Figure 11 shows some oscillations in the decomposition rates

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• exciting possibilities for diverse applications [6]. Extracting cellulose from waste is crucial for its effective use. Several methods exist such as acid hydrolysis [3], enzymatic hydrolysis [8], green solvent-based extraction [9], and ionic liquid treatment [10], where each method has specific advantages

• environmental reasons. Ionic liquids. Recent studies have highlighted ionic liquids (ILs) as highly promising solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, since these salts remain liquid at relatively low temperatures and are valued for their environmental advantages and energy-efficient processing

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• . The field of LSPC encompasses several techniques with distinct target configurations and laser irradiation regimes. Irradiation of a solid target submerged in a liquid with intense laser pulses is referred to as laser ablation in liquids (LAL) [16], an established technique for the efficient

• techniques capable of probing the initial stages of nanoparticle synthesis with high temporal and/or spatial resolution [32][33]. In particular, accessing the picosecond time window needed to capture the initial interaction of the ablation plume with the liquid environment, which defines the subsequent

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• , which in turn may improve the subsequent photocatalytic reaction [41]. Photocatalytic activity Figure 6 shows the results of the ketoprofen degradation profile obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that ketoprofen is completely converted to its intermediate

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• extraction based on carbon quantum dots/zeolite imidazolate framework-90/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/iron(II,III) oxide with high-performance liquid chromatography [6][7] or chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry [8] offer high accuracy and reliability. However, these techniques often need expensive equipment

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• quasiparticle partitioning. To discuss nonlinear conductance, susceptibilities, and shot noise in the strong coupling regime, we apply Fermi liquid theory with parameters expressed by susceptibilities of pseudofermions determined within SBMFA. Nonlinear shot noise is dominated by two-quasiparticle scattering

• . However, we demonstrate that for occupation regions distant from the electron–hole symmetry point, the role of three-body correlations must be considered. Keywords: Fermi liquid; Kondo effect; quantum dots; shot noise; Introduction Quantum dot (QD) structures are being intensively investigated regarding

• disrupt the superposition of states and entanglement, leading to information loss and decoherence. The considerations made in this work are in the spirit of the effective Fermi liquid (FL) theory [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. One can analyze the low-energy behavior of a multilevel interacting

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• effective, these methods have significant drawbacks; they are time-consuming, require substantial energy input, and involve the use of highly reactive and toxic chemical reagents. Additionally, they generate large volumes of hazardous liquid waste, raising environmental and safety risks, especially when

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• the initial concentration of the nanocapsule suspension, V1 is the volume of the nanocapsule suspension that was used, and V2 is the final volume of the sample. Curcumin content and encapsulation efficiency The curcumin content was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet

• dispersed in a liquid medium, and their stability is mainly governed by steric stabilization and physical confinement within the polymer network rather than electrostatic repulsion. The SSE process involves moderate shear stresses and short residence times, which are unlikely to induce irreversible

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• %) of ammonium hydrogenphosphate (DAP with 18% N and 46% P) for 24 h, and then with aqueous solutions of urea with different molar concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mol/L) and contact time (4, 8, 12, and 24 h) using a solid/liquid ratio of 1 g/10 mL and agitation on a shaker with horizontal

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• ) [1][2][3][4][5] is an increasingly employed nanoparticle synthesis technique, first established in the 1990s [6][7]. This method involves focusing high-energy laser pulses onto a solid target submerged in a liquid medium [8]. As the laser interacts with the target, it triggers rapid ionisation

• , heating, and evaporation of the material, leading to plasma formation. The plasma cools down in the surrounding liquid releasing nanoparticles (NPs) into the liquid; the cooling process also generates gas bubbles from the liquid environment. These gas bubbles nucleate, forming a cavitation bubble (CB

• ). Additional NPs are formed within this bubble until it collapses, releasing and ejecting the remaining NPs into the liquid [9][10][11]. Although nanomaterials can be produced by alternative physical, chemical, or biological methods [12], PLAL offers several advantages [13]. Chemical methods are effective at

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• from dark brown to yellow. The procedure was repeated once for 8 h to ensure full delignification of the wood, as indicated by the complete loss of color of the specimen. The wood pieces were washed with Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as solvent for 5 h, followed by freezing in liquid

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• templates can be combined to benefit from the effects observed in both systems. This was demonstrated in the biomimetic approach of Faase et al. [23] which utilized slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces inspired by carnivorous pitcher plants with polydopamine anchorage inspired by mussel adhesive systems

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• of 30 nA were used for sputtering cycles. The interleaved image spectra were acquired using 25 keV Bi3+ ions from a liquid metal ion gun, orientated at 45° to the sample surface. This was operated at an ion current of 0.1 pA, in an interlaced mode with a cycle time of 100 µs, in spectroscopy mode to

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• (Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Dernbach, Germany) and an Agilent 1260 Infinity high-performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) equipped with a degasser (G1322A), an isocratic pump (G1310B), an autosampler (G1329B), and a multiple-wavelength detector (MWD, G1365C) set at 230

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• postulate that the gas release was rather a continuous phenomenon, driven by the heating process. The exposition of the flake edges and paths resulting from the removal of the gaseous products can be beneficial regarding the electrode design for cells operating liquid or gel electrolytes, ensuring improved

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• of UCNPs@lipids solution and 250 µL of 2% low-melting agarose gel. A few microliters of the liquid mixture were drawn into a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tube and solidified 30 min before imaging. The second sample, S2, consisted of a single UC-fed C. elegans immersed in agarose mixed with

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• relies on fluorescence to visualize hydrated gels directly, cryo-SEM provides an electron-based image of frozen desolvated gels. Rapidly freezing the sample (plunge-freezing in liquid nitrogen slush followed by freeze-fracture) preserves its near-native hydrated structure (usually not the case, often ice

• was not compressed with another glass plate. Cryo-SEM imaging Cryo-SEM was carried out using a Zeiss Crossbeam 550 fitted with a Quorum 3010T cryo-stage and preparation chamber. Samples were prepared for analysis by freezing in liquid nitrogen slush on grooved cylindrical aluminium stubs, using rivets