Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• simulations, the spatula was free to slide laterally, which could have risked “locking” if the substrate was entirely disordered, contained random voids, and was inflexible. To prevent this, we introduced a two-layer substrate, that is, a lattice-like monolayer of beads on top, forming a smooth, cavity-free

• surface, and a 13 nm thick amorphous bulk below, which matched the same bead density as our previous random-substrate model. All substrate beads had identical interactions with the spatula, and both layers were held fixed in space. Since the regular top monolayer differed from the fully random arrangement

• ) does not interact with the spatula beads; therefore, any substrate thicker than the spatula–substrate potential cutoff (rcutoff ≤ thickness ≤ ∞) would result in identical dynamics and forces. Our substrate (1 monolayer + 13 nm amorphous bulk) exceeds the cutoff, fully representing all interactions

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• its polar portions, and the length of its hydrophobic chain [49]. PPC values below 0.5 indicate the formation of monolayer micelles, whereas values between 0.5 and 1.0 favor liposome formation [49][50]. A value of p ≥ 0.5 has been reported for phosphatidylcholine, indicating that lecithin can form

• - and bilayers) form due to the diverse array of fatty acids in lecithin, the positioning and unsaturation of which are not provided by the manufacturer. Therefore, experimental tests on lecithin concentration are necessary to achieve a monolayer, nanometric, uniform, and stable micellar structural

• droplet uniformity with a monodisperse profile [93]; (3) maximizing lecithin’s performance in forming LO droplets through monolayer micelles [81]; (4) avoiding excess surfactant molecules to maintain biocompatibility [94][95]; and (5) maintaining a negative surface charge density greater than −30 mV for

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• here. Instead, we focus on a study by Vesselli and co-workers that directly addresses catalytic activity in a biomimetic SAC system [20][21]. In their work, a cobalt single-atom biomimetic model catalyst is based on a self-assembled monolayer of Co-porphyrins grown on an almost free-standing graphene

• of a surface to precursors and co-reactants. Each reaction with the surface should be saturated and self-limiting, thus allowing the deposition of one monolayer to progress in a highly conformal layer-by-layer way, even on nanostructured materials of high aspect ratios. Traditional insights into ALD

• native oxides from InAs and transfers oxygen to Hf. The resulting interface contained an In–O–Hf layer limited to approximately one monolayer. The second half-cycle is often done using water as the co-reactant and is the principal source of oxygen for the creation of HfO2 in the later ALD cycles. Figure

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• 1.8 nm becomes unstable, and in the monolayer limit, it can be completely destroyed. When the film thickness is less than 1–2 monolayers (≈0.2–0.4 nm), the nanofilm ceases to be continuous, forming islands. This leads to random fluctuations in magnetization. Additionally, in monolayers and sub

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• (R2 = 0.9984 for Pb2+ and R2 = 0.9997 for Cd2+) when the Langmuir isotherm model was applied. This implies monolayer adsorption onto a homogeneous surface. Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions might have adsorbed onto the CNTs-G5 surface in a uniform layer without further adsorption once the surface gets saturated

• appears to be predominantly monolayer in nature. Importantly, the maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) derived from the Langmuir model, 80.71 mg/g for Pb2+ and 66.80 mg/g for Cd2+, were found to be higher than those of other reported adsorbents for these metal ions (Supporting Information File 1, Table S3

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• asymmetrical catalysis of urea to ammonia acts as a gas jet to propel the microrobots to the desired site of action [54]. 1.2 Lipoprotein-based biomimetic nanoparticles Lipoproteins are complex structures with a lipid core, usually cholesterol esters and triglycerides, surrounded by a monolayer of

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• obtained by oxidizing monolayer graphene grown by metal-free chemical vapor deposition on the α-Al2O3(0001) surface, and the adsorption state was determined by surface analytical techniques. It was clarified that Cs adsorbs on oxygen functional groups by substituting with H atoms from carboxyl and hydroxy

• deposition; electronic state analysis; graphene oxide; X-ray absorption fine structure; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) is oxidized graphene and its surface and periphery are partially modified by epoxy, hydroxy, and carboxy functional groups [1][2]. GO can be thinned to a monolayer of one carbon atom and

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• evaluate the effects of the NMs and the US exposure on the migration ability of HOb cells. A pipette tip was used to create a scratch in the monolayer of cells, and the time required to close the scratch under US exposure was assessed. The results of the assay are presented in Figure 5. The scratch width

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• control the structure of discotic liquid crystal molecular nanowires by manipulating the subphase temperature and surface pressure in a Langmuir monolayer system (Figure 2) [226]. The LB technique represents a powerful methodology that allows for effective control over the assembly of molecular-sized

• thicknesses. At low temperatures, the molecular nanowires coalesce, whereas, at high temperatures, the nanowires separate to form interconnected networks. The compression of the thin-film structure on the water surface resulted in the transformation of the network into a compact and highly uniform monolayer

• . At a higher surface pressure of 40 mN·m−1, the nanowires exhibited a tendency to come closer together, resulting in the formation of a compact and uniform monolayer. The interfacial nanoarchitectonics method of separating nanowires will undoubtedly prove invaluable for the separation of other 1D

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• FBS (Gibco, Life Technologies), 2 mM ʟ-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. Cells were grown as a monolayer at 37 °C under a controlled humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. MTS assay Cell viability assays (MTS) were performed using the CellTiter Aqueous OneSolution kit

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• the intensity of 2D and G peaks (I2D/IG) and the FWHM of the 2D peak [50]. A monolayer graphene typically has the I2D/IG values greater than 2 and the FWHM of the 2D peak of ≈30 cm−1. In all spectra measured from different areas of the annealed Ni-PCD film, the I2D/IG value is about 0.6 and the FWHM

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• of ultrathin epitaxial cerium oxide films on Pt(111) demonstrated the influence of the substrate in 2 monolayer (ML) films. Figure 4a shows the Ce–O in-plane and out-of-plane distances obtained from the analysis of EXAFS data acquired on a 2 ML and on a 10 ML ceria film. Figure 4a also reports the

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• . employed Monte Carlo methods to observe ferromagnetic behavior in monolayers below 66 K and proposed that hole doping could further enhance the Curie temperature [21]. Similarly, another Monte Carlo study found that the transition temperature for monolayer CrCl3 is 49 K, proposing that the Curie

• material. This is an aspect of particular relevance because of the possible applications of the material to monolayer-thin devices. Experimental The preparation of exfoliated CrCl3 flakes from the single crystal bulk material was reported in our previous papers [2][11]. Though preferentially a 270 nm

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• follows the monolayer adsorption mechanism described by the Langmuir model, the degree of fit was evaluated using the equilibrium coefficient RL. Notably, the RL values, calculated in Table 2 and presented in Figure 5c, range from 0.167 to 0.334, indicating that TC adsorption onto PGC is favorable and

• conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model. The higher R2 value for the Langmuir model compared to that for the Freundlich model (Table 2, Figure 5a,b) suggests that the Langmuir model better describes TC adsorption onto PGC. This finding indicates that TC adsorption onto PGC occurs as monolayer adsorption on

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , compared to those of 1 µg·mL−1 PLG-TA and CTRL+, should have no impact on cell fate because for all conditions the CV values are around 0.4. It was shown that in mouse fibroblasts grown on a graphene monolayer on a glass substrate, chromatin decompaction was induced [44]. Our results differ, probably due

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• (surfactants + water, without EOCF), EOCF, and the selected microemulsion containing EOCF (M7-EOCF), at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL, and cultured under the previous conditions for further 24 h. At the end of this phase, the cell monolayer was washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline, and then

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• using the maximum monolayer coverage n0 = 2.72 nm−2 for the Pd(tbaoac)2 molecule. The gas adsorption rate is νgas = 1.36 × 103 s−1, and the maximum dissociation rate is νdis = 6.16 × 103 s−1. This gives the upper limit on the desorption rate of νdes = 6.07 × 107 s−1. The ratios νdis/νdes = 1.01 × 10−4

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• Cruzeiro, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.39 Abstract Nanoporous membranes are being explored as efficient materials for water filtration and desalination applications. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of pores within a freestanding hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer in

• passage of ions and polar molecules. However, the use of h-BN as a membrane for water desalination is still a relatively new area of research. In this paper we propose an analysis using first-principles calculations to understand the stability of pores in monolayer h-BN and their interaction with water

• chemical potentials for B and N atoms are interrelated, that is, μB + μN = μBN, where μBN signifies the chemical potential of the h-BN monolayer. Under this constraint, the formation energies of h-BN nanopores with stoichiometric ratios of boron and nitrogen atoms are independent of the individual choices

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• can have nanometer-scale linear dimensions [10][11]. Experimental observations showed that nanometer-scale vacancy islands can arrange into a perfect triangular lattice when a single monolayer of Ag is deposited on a Ru(0001) surface at room temperature [12]. Similar elongated nanometer-sized islands

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• oxide-based materials Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal lattice, with various types of defects present around the edges. This material is categorized based on the level of surface oxidation, which includes pristine graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• model was initially formulated to characterize gas adsorption on solid-phase adsorbents such as carbon-based adsorbents [13]. The fundamental assumptions of the Langmuir isotherm include: (1) adsorption occurs as a monolayer; (2) adsorption sites are uniformly distributed; (3) the adsorption energy

• studies related to examining the suitability and limitations of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for major unconventional gas resources [16]. The Langmuir isotherm is suitable for modeling monolayer adsorption on uniform sites. Fitting experimental adsorption data to the appropriate isotherm model is

• demonstrate that an increase in gas concentration within the test chamber corresponds to an increase in the number of adsorbed molecules on the surface, thereby enhancing surface coverage. The Langmuir adsorption model is used which is suitable when one assumes a monolayer of adsorbed gas molecules on a

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• distribution [27]. ʟ-Carnosine forms a monolayer around the nanoparticles, providing a consistent and uniform surface coverage. This uniformity in surface passivation contributes to the narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles. The formation of stable silver nanoparticles capped with ʟ-carnosine was

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• al. found a shift from an indirect bandgap to a direct bandgap in arsenene under uniaxial strain along the zig-zag direction [37]. Mohan et al. employed DFT to study the effect of strain on the electrical band structure of a silicene monolayer and found a bandgap (335 meV) opening in silicene at 4

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• under steady-state conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry data from monolayer thick films of Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 exposed to 3 keV Ar+, He+, and H2+ ions indicate that deposition is initiated by the desorption of both CO ligands, a process ascribed to momentum