Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• (100 µL) were mixed with 100 µL of 40 µM ThT prepared in the sample buffer at the same pH and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. Fluorescence emission was recorded at 482 nm using a Varioskan Flash spectrofluorometer in a black polystyrene 96-well plate, with excitation at 440 nm and a bandwidth

• buffer, pH 2.0) were included in the assay. Surface adhesion assay The adhesion of rPpolcp19k-his in both monomeric and fibril form was studied by surface coating assay using surfaces typical of cell culture experiments, namely, hydrophilic 96-well polystyrene tissue culture-treated plates (Sarstedt

• rPolcp19k-his protein to (a) hydrophilic and (b) hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces in the presence of (I.) pH 4.0, 150 mM NaCl; (II.) pH 8.0, 600 mM NaCl; and (III.) pH 8.0, 0 mM NaCl. 21 days + pH switch: rPolcp19k-his incubated in pH 4.0, 150 mM NaCl for 21 days, followed by switching to pH 8.0, 600 mM

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• modified to interact with different polymer compositions of MPs, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The main mechanisms of MP removal depend on their structural and chemical properties, as shown in Figure 2 [50][51][52]. Many studies have been conducted to clarify the

• general and MPs in particular. By using corncob biochar, Abdoul Magid et al. showed an adsorption of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) of about 19 mg·g−1. The main mechanisms of PSNP adsorption include increased surface area from pyrolysis and oxidation, hydrophobic interactions (fresh biochar), hydrogen

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• wear, and microbial activity [3]. Common types of MPs found in ecosystems, particularly in freshwater and drinking water sources, include materials such as high-density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene [4]. Among the various contributors to MPs, residential households

• , 28–89%), polystyrene (PS) (5–27%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 4–35%), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide (PA, 3–30%) [20]. In a study performed by Steinfield et al. [21], it was observed that the MP concentrations in untreated wastewater from paper mills range from 106 to 108 (MPs ≥ 20 µm/m3

• found that polystyrene NPs, more than MPs, inhibited the growth of Halomonas alkaliphila, disrupted ammonia conversion, and induced oxidative stress. These findings highlight the effect of plastic debris on marine microbial functions, potentially disrupting nitrogen cycles and ecological balance. When

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• such as Subgroup 10, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. In aquatic systems, biochar serves as an efficient adsorbent, particularly for MPs larger than 10 µm, including polystyrene. Studies suggest that fixed-column models achieve superior removal efficiency (95.31% ± 5.26%) compared to batch systems (93.36

• . Additionally, three-dimensional graphene oxide has shown adsorption capacities of up to 617.28 mg·g−1 for polystyrene MPs of 5 µm in size [13][14]. The integration of adsorbents with appropriate treatment models has further enhanced removal efficiency. For instance, coal gasification slag-based adsorbents

• root biomass, shoot biomass, and plant height compared to controls without PP contamination [51]. The biomass of peanut roots and aboveground parts decreased by 28.45% and 16.45%, respectively, with 1.5% polystyrene (PS) contamination in the soil [53]. For sugarcane, polyethylene (PE) contamination

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• biodegradability [1][2][3]. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been shown to provide better biodegradability compared to other polymers such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene [4][5][6] due to its secondary alcohol groups being susceptible to enzymatic oxidation and its water solubility enhancing

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• involved the sequential organization of a colloidal suspension comprising polyaniline/polystyrene sulfonate and ZIF-8 MOF nanocrystals coated with polyallylamine hydrochloride (Figure 14). This functional electrode was designed to combine two key elements, that is, high surface area and porosity with

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• Supporting Information File 1, Section S4). To determine whether the height intermittency is specific to SICM topographies of metabolically active and fixed mitochondria, we compare these results with SICM topographies of polystyrene microspheres (non-living objects with nearly the same geometry). Given the

• fixed mitochondria, polystyrene microspheres, or living cells (MG-63 osteoblasts; see Supporting Information File 1, Section S3) and has not been reported in the literature for either dead or living systems. Thus so far, it appears unique to mitochondria. Over time, the morphodynamic activity of

• subsequently removed, and the imaging dish was rinsed gently with 2 mL Krebs–Ringer medium before being refilled with 3 mL of fresh medium. For comparison, reference measurements were performed on similarly shaped polystyrene microspheres with diameters of 1 and 3 μm. 100 μL of the microsphere ethanol solution

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• media. A similar observation was made by Simon et al. [30], who attributed a difference in cellular uptake of PEGylated polystyrene nanocarriers in untreated or heat-inactivated FCS to the denaturation of important protein corona components. Indeed, heat inactivation did not reduce the amount of protein

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• . Polystyrene latex absorption coefficient and refractive index were used to measure synthesized nanoparticles, prefilled in the software with values of 0.01 and 1.59, respectively. All measurements were performed at 25 °C. The surface morphology of PEG–PCL nanoparticles was analyzed using scanning electron

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• assessed with a similar approach in a newly designed synthetic mucus hydrogel barrier system. The authors used differently sized polystyrene nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifications. PEGylated nanoparticles exhibited better penetration than non-PEGylated formulations, regardless of the

• polystyrene cuvettes were used during size distribution analysis, and the distributions were obtained at an angle of 90° with respect to the incident beam. The zeta potential measurements were performed in disposable plain folded capillary zeta potential cuvettes with the same instrument. Encapsulation

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• the stock solutions in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer with [Na+] = 150 mM, pH 7.4. The samples used for OT assays consist of biotin-labeled λ DNA molecules (New England Biolabs N3011S) tethered by the ends between a streptavidin-coated coverslip and a streptavidin-coated polystyrene bead (3

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• polystyrene NPs and thereby obtained the full corona. In principle, the effect of click chemistry and photomodification is the same. Both fix the full corona; however, the methods differ in details. When click chemistry is performed, soft corona proteins bind only to pre-modified hard corona proteins, whereas

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• ]. For the thermal images, a velvet ant specimen was carefully positioned on a polystyrene plate, serving as a thermal insulator, and covered with a layer of sand measuring 2 cm in thickness. Using a Fluke TiS75+ Thermal Camera, thermal images were captured before, during, and after a controlled heating

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• of 1 × 108 platelets/mL [33][34]. FXIIa assay Wells of interest of a nontreated 96-well polystyrene were blocked with 300 μL 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, the wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates were coated immediately prior to use

• experiments were performed for a total sample size of 18. Clot turbidity analysis Wells of interest of a non-treated polystyrene 96-well plate were blocked with 300 μL 1% BSA in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates were coated immediately prior to

• baseline absorbance value. 5% is a sufficient threshold to overcome the noise floor of the data [33]. Clot morphology Wells of interest of a non-treated 96-well polystyrene were blocked with 300 μL 1% BSA in Milli-Q water for 2 h at 37 °C. After 2 h, wells were rinsed three times with Milli-Q water. Plates

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• . Supporting Information A demo of integrated HDPE fibers within an SEBS biomimetic adhesive sheet showing high shear strength (and negligible adhesion) on fabrics like spandex, while also being capable of having high peel strength on smooth plastic surfaces like polystyrene. The demonstration was completed in

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• compounds triggered by liquid metals, leading to the formation of phenolic nanocoatings on substrates. In detail, nanocoatings of the phenolic compound pyrogallol deposited on polystyrene, glass beads, and paper yielded free radical scavenging activities of ca. 67%, ca. 84%, and ca. 92%, respectively [61

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• method is effective for loosely bound monodisperse particles such as polystyrene latex or gold particles. However, it can be challenging when dealing with highly agglomerated and cohesive particles such as TiO2, especially for laboratories without prior experience. The authors have chosen to use “E171

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• of QD-doped devices was compared to the reference system (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/aluminium). PEDOT:PSS ([poly(3.4-ethylene dioxythiophene] polystyrene sulfonate) is an intrinsically conductive polymer, a mixture of two ionomers, with a HOMO level equal to 5.17 eV [61]. It is widely used as a charge

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• imaged a blend of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene (PS/LDPE) sample (SPM LABS LLC., Tempe, USA), mounting a RTESPA-300 cantilever (Bruker) and using both methods with the same ORT parameters, that is, 50 nm peak-to-peak amplitude and 2 kHz ORT frequency. Figure 5 shows 250 × 250 pixels images

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• guidance conduits. Experimental Materials Polystyrene nanospheres (ca. 1.1 µm diameter), laminin from Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm murine sarcoma, and nerve growth factor (2.5S, from murine submaxillary glands) were purchased from Sigma, Merck KGaA (Germany). SU-8 50 and SU-8 developer were obtained from Kayaku

• 1640 medium, sodium pyruvate, and HEPES buffer were purchased from Corning (NY, USA). The reusable polystyrene nanosphere lens array (1.1 µm) embedded in PDMS for UV-light focusing was prepared according to procedures described in our previous study [16]. Preparation of nano-/micropatterned SU-8 master

• . ratio 1:0.7) at 5000 rpm and soft-baked at 95 °C for 160 s. An array of polystyrene nanospheres (1.1 µm) embedded in PDMS was placed in conformal contact with the SU-8, and then exposure was performed at a dose of 35–42 mJ·cm−2 (Figure 1A(i)). (Older PS-NS/PDMS films seem to require slightly higher UV

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• ) with a diameter between 0.4 and 2.1 µm demonstrate this relationship, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 illustrate (incubation of heparin blood with 2 × 108 MP/mL) [41]. Champion et al. researched this relationship in a model as well [42]. Test particles (polystyrene microspheres) with diameters in the range of

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• AFM tip was taken to be a cylindrical punch, and the tip radius was calibrated by scanning on polystyrene (ET,PS = 2.7 GPa, Bruker) as a control substrate before and after each scan on a fiber surface. ET quantifications from fiber maps were only kept when mean ET,PS values varied by less than 10

• % between the pre- and post-scans on polystyrene. To ensure repeatability of measurements and observations, AFM maps and quantitative data were each obtained from at least one region in two separate Technora® and two separate Kevlar® fibers. The ET measurements were the most restrictive considering the need

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• smaller when proteins were bound to NPs [81]. Xiao et al. functionalized Tf onto the surface of PEGylated polystyrene NPs to evaluate the effect of the protein corona on blood–brain barrier transcytosis, endocytosis, and intracellular trafficking. They demonstrated that Tf-NPs completely lost their

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• polydispersion index Nano ZS Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Corp, Worcestershire, UK) was used to measure particle size distribution and mean diameter by DLS at 25 °C in polystyrene cuvettes with a thickness of 10 mm. The zeta potential was determined by Doppler anemometry using the previously described

• to a formazan product (i.e., the MTT method). A 96-well polystyrene microplate containing 1 × 104 cells per well of CHO cells (obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in Ham’s F12 medium (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine