Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• of dimannoside and PEGylated ligands. The PEG AuNPs were functionalized only with the PEGylated component; they can be seen as a precursor, and we used them as negative controls. Particle size and shape Particle size and stability in an aqueous solution were characterized by DLS and ZP measurements

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• were prepared accordingly [50]. For similar hydrolysis and condensation kinetics compared to the organosilane sol–gel precursors (see below), tetraisopropoxysilane (Si(OiPr)4) was used as a sol–gel precursor. After solvent exchange of the wet gel, supercritical drying with carbon dioxide delivered the

• physisorption measurements. NHxSIL was prepared by co-condensation of tetraalkyloxysilanes (e.g., Si(OMe)4) with a second sol–gel precursor such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTMS, (MeO)3SiPrNH2). One can control the amine content, x, by adjusting the ratio of the two precursors in the precursor sol. A

• organosilica materials [51][52], also including aerogels [53][54]. The thiol precursor HS-Ph(Si(OiPr)3)2 was established in 2014 for making periodically ordered mesoporous organosilica [55][56], which are characterized by pore sizes in the sub-10 nm range. Because large pore sizes are beneficial for mass

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• Primer 3 (bioinfo.ut.ee/primer3/) with an optimal amplicon length between 700 and 900 bp (Supporting Information File 1, Table S4). For the previously reported adhesive proteins, the primers were designed using the first clone of each cement precursor protein available on NCBI [17]. For in situ

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• formation and deposition of nanostructures. The method was successfully applied for the formation of nanoflakes [80], nanoflowers [81], and nanofibers [82][83]. In this method, the choice of the organic precursor influences the shape of the produced nanostructures. For example, the formation of Ag

• nanofibers has been shown to occur via anisotropic growth, using the fibrous products of the organic precursor decomposition for self-templating, which guides the following processes of reduction of silver ions at their surface. The concentration of the organic precursor further influences the shape

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• create a new precursor, extensive testing using specialized gas injection systems is required along with time-consuming and costly chemical analysis typically conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This process can be quite challenging due to its complexity and expense. Here, the response of

• learning data processing techniques. This approach enables a comprehensive fast examination of precursor decomposition processes during FIB irradiation and provides valuable insights into how the precursor’s composition influences the final properties of the metal-rich deposits. Although solid-layer

• duration of the electron or ion beam pulses. In FEBID and FIBID, volatile precursor molecules are delivered to the substrate surface via a gas injection system (GIS), where they adsorb and are subsequently decomposed by a focused electron or ion beam with energies in the kiloelectronvolt range. While

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• /mL and 56.13 µg/mL, respectively. Botas et al. (2017) developed a nanoemulsion based on the essential oil of Baccharis reticularia, a plant native to Brazil, also found in Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. The oil is mainly composed of mono- and sesquiterpenes, including ᴅ-limonene, a key precursor

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• precursor polymer. For instance, trimethylation of the primary amino group increases its cationic nature, enhancing mucoadhesive properties. Thiolation of chitosan forms disulfide bonds with mucus glycoproteins and intra-chain, enhancing mucoadhesive properties. Other modifications include carboxylation

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• reaction cell was designed to replicate commercial ALD conditions, including independent pulsing of precursor gases, laminar flow across the sample, and substrate heating. The setup allows for independent control of precursor and co-reactant exposure and supports a variety of chemistries [60]. ALD is a key

• order to better understand how to create sharp interfaces between the materials [55][57][58][63]. In one study by D’Acunto et al., the surface composition and thickness of the initial growth of HfO2 on InAs was investigated using tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium(IV) (TDMAHf) as the hafnium precursor [63

• formation of HfOx occur simultaneously during precursor exposure. These results suggest that HfO2 can form even without an external oxygen source during the first half-cycle, using the available oxygen content on the surface, challenging traditional ligand-exchange descriptions of ALD chemistry

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• Discussion Microstructure and morphology of photocatalysts Figure 1a shows schematically the synthesis of TiO2 nanowires on an activated carbon cloth substrate. When the carbon cloth is immersed in the Ti–H2O2 precursor solution maintained at 80 °C, first, the carbon cloth surface is activated, and, second

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• experimental setup for LDL typically involves a tightly focused laser beam interacting with a liquid precursor or solution. This precise control over the laser parameters, including wavelength, pulse duration, and energy density, allows researchers to carefully tailor the nature and distribution of the

• volume of precursor solution, characterized by low surface tension, is released from a capillary tube either by dripping with negligible initial velocity or by injection with an initial velocity. The droplet is then directed toward the substrate, where the ultrasonic vibration aids in controlling the

• substrate and the spray nozzle, substrate temperature, and precursor solution concentration. Additionally, the properties of the films depend on variables like the spray rate, ambient atmosphere, droplet size, carrier gas, and post-deposition cooling. One of the key advantages of this method is its ability

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• AgNPrs with approximately double the original edge length [16][17]. In the current study, the high precursor concentration (1 mM AgNO3) likely promoted frequent interparticle collisions. Initially, AgNPrs formed via mechanism 1 and grew to approximately 40 nm in size. Subsequently, these smaller AgNPrs

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HA-CNTs) were synthesized inside a miniature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cell with an optical window (Linkam TS1500). ST-cut quartz and iron nanoparticles served as substrate and catalyst, respectively. Ethanol and argon were, respectively, used as carbon precursor

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• optimize its conversion to BiVO4. By systematically adjusting the deposition current density and vanadium precursor concentration, we achieved fine control over the crystallinity, grain size, porosity, and optical properties of the resulting films. This level of tunability leads to substantial improvements

• vanadium precursor volume (x = 14, 22, 32; y = 4, 6). Note on BiVO4(144) sample exclusion The BiVO4(144) sample was excluded from the detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) and comparative analyses because of its poor film uniformity and significantly lower performance metrics. Preliminary characterizations

• absorption still measurable up to about 650 nm. This sub-bandgap absorption occurs because of the creation of mid-gap states, mainly caused by missing oxygen atoms and structural issues that arise during high-current electrodeposition or when using higher amounts of the VO(acac)2 precursor. The redshifted

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• ], hyaluronic acid [124], glucan [125], or PVA [107]. Chitosan can also be used as quaternized chitosan-g-polyaniline [126] and chitosan hydrochloride [127]. Nanofibrillated and cationized chitin, which is the precursor of chitosan, was used in the preparation of xanthan gum hydrogels [128]. Methods involving

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• suitable light source, and molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species that induce cellular damage [3][4]. Among the PSs used in PDT, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) stands out as a natural precursor of hemoglobin and porphyrins, exhibiting low toxicity in its monomeric form [5]. When exposed to light

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• was used as a precursor. The SLG was grown by introducing 200 Pa methanol vapor for 30 min [18]. The single layer of graphene was inspected by the intensity analysis of XPS and the profiles of NIXSW for graphene/α-Al2O3(0001). After the SLG growth, the SLG in the sample was oxidized based on the

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• such as low synthesis scalability, unavoidable defects, and inhomogeneity. Producing high-quality hBNs with controlled layer numbers depends heavily on precursor selection, ambient gas conditions, and substrate of choice [37]. Emerging solutions include both top-down (mechanical and chemical

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• compound 1b, in which four terminal chloromethyl groups are tethered to the calixarene upper rim by amide bonds. The subsequent treatment with N,N-dimethylethanolamine in THF as a solvent, produced compound 1 bearing choline-like moieties. Compound 1 and its precursor 1b were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR

• . Compound 2 and its non-nitrosated precursor 2b were characterized by 1D NMR (Figures S8,S9, Supporting Information File 1). Self-assembling and spectroscopic properties of 1 Due to the polycationic structure, compound 1 showed good water solubility as evidenced by its absorption spectrum dominated by the

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• facile synthetic way for the production of AgNPs utilizing CDs as reducing agent derived from Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) leaves. The novel aspect of this work is that a comprehensive green approach is verified throughout the process, starting with the choice of the CD precursor. The disadvantages of

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• 710 F/g. The MW-assisted approaches have been further explored for the synthesis of binary NCs based on rGO and iron oxides. In one of our earlier reports, such an MW irradiation-based approach was adopted to synthesize Fe2O3/rGO NC, using hemin as the precursor. Owing to its 3D network structure, the

• NC displayed good electrochemical performance as the SC electrode [13]. In another work, Kumar et al. reported the MW-assisted synthesis of Fe3O4/rGO NC using FeCl3 aqueous salt as the precursor [14]. Ferrocene, an Fe-based organometallic compound, was also utilized as the precursor for developing

• NCs of iron oxide and graphene through the MW route. For example, Kumar et al. demonstrated the MW-assisted rapid synthesis of a ternary NC based on rGO, carbon nanotubes, and Fe3O4 NPs, using ferrocene as the Fe-containing precursor [15]. The NC exhibited its potential to be used for EMI shielding

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• time, and refresh time, precursor material and substrate have an influence on the effective deposition rate. Gallium (Ga+) and helium (He+) are the most often utilized ion species for FIBID [1][2][5]. Besides these standard FIB systems, new kinds of laser-cooled ion sources have been developed in the

• standard ion columns from ThermoFisher [23]. Both the Cs+ and the Rb+ FIB are equipped with a standard Pt GIS. The same precursor trimethylplatinum, C5H4CH3Pt(CH3)3, was used for all FIBID-Pt experiments. The precursor was heated to 40 °C to create a gas flow through the GIS nozzle, with the exit of the

• + FIBID-Pt. The proposed mechanism for the formation of these bubbles is that elements of the Pt precursor trap the primary alkali metal ions when the chemical bonds of the precursor are not completely broken. With higher ion beam voltage, more bonds are broken and volatile elements including Cs+ ions are

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• transformation of bare and nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond films under high-vacuum annealing The PCD film was produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE CVD) using acetone (CH3)2CO, hydrogen, and air as the precursor gases for the plasma [37]. The film consists of crystallites with

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• segregation due to differences in precursor reduction temperatures [38]. Other techniques such as laser scanning ablation [39] and Joule heating [40] have also been employed to generate CCAs, but they often involve costly precursors and lengthy solvent screening processes. Among the various techniques

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• powders and thin films of iron sulfide from molecular precursors by spin coating technique [59], clusters of densely packed crystallites and spherical crystallites were observed. They concluded that morphology is influenced by temperature and precursor type. Furthermore, different morphologies such as

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• . Additionally, the detection of sulfur in PGC indicates the potential presence of residual ZnSO4 precursor. Figure 3c–l present significant changes in the elemental distribution of O, S, Zn, and Ca in PGC compared to pristine CMC. These elements display a higher density on the surface of PGC. Brunauer–Emmett