PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• Flory radius (RPEG) of PEG and the interchain distance (D). According to polymer scaling theory, when D exceeds twice RF (D > 2RPEG), chains exist as isolated mushrooms with minimal overlap, enabling protein penetration to the nanoparticle surface. Experimental validation using quartz crystal

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D)-based studies of the adhesive properties of rPolcp19k-his monomers and fibres formed under different physicochemical conditions, as well as after a similar pH switch, are planned. Conclusion This study identifies a low pH and high salt concentration

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• absorption spectra of the prepared colloids were measured using a Cary 500 Scan spectrophotometer (Varian, USA) in the spectral range of 200–2000 nm in a 10 mm quartz cuvette. The measurements of the PL spectra were carried out at room temperature using a Fluorolog-3 spectrofluorometer (HORIBA Scientific

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• different liquid media by changing the laser parameters were reported. The colloids were drop-cast onto Si wafers for various studies [117]. NiO and ZnO nanostructured films were obtained on silicon and quartz substrates to examine their optical properties as well as their structural, topographical, and

• characterization of the Au sample fabricated by EPD. However, an example of anodic EPD was demonstrated by depositing Au NPs generated by LAL in deionized water onto graphene on a quartz surface at 30 V for 20 min and 1 h. A fairly uniform distribution of NPs was achieved, with surface densities ranging from

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• various solid supports such as glass [11], quartz, silicon, or aluminum foil [12]. A recent trend in the development of practical SERS substrates emphasizes flexibility and portability for field-deployable Raman detection. Accordingly, several groups have developed paper-based [13] or cotton-based [14

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HA-CNTs) were synthesized inside a miniature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cell with an optical window (Linkam TS1500). ST-cut quartz and iron nanoparticles served as substrate and catalyst, respectively. Ethanol and argon were, respectively, used as carbon precursor

• cut (ST) quartz substrate and from the fully processed video using (b) fixed-frame and (c) differential shading correction (with a 10 s delay). The thick vertical line in each image indicates the catalyst line. Optical markers (i.e., squares, crosses, and L-shapes) are visible in the corners. CNTs

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• gel (Merck Kieselgel 60, 230–400 mesh ASTM). The progress of the reactions was followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on 5 × 20 cm plates with a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. UV–vis spectra were recorded with a Jasco V-560 spectrophotometer using quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm

• . Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded with a Spex Fluorolog-2 (mod. F-111) spectrofluorimeter using quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm. Fluorescence lifetimes were recorded with the same fluorimeter equipped with a TCSPC Triple Illuminator. The samples were irradiated by a pulsed diode

• thermostated quartz cell (1 cm pathlength, 3 mL capacity) under gentle stirring, by using a blue-light-emitting diode (λexc = 415–420 nm) having an irradiance on the samples of ca. 60 mW·cm−1 or with a green laser (λexc = 532 nm, 200 mW). Direct monitoring of NO release in solution was performed by

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• experiments were performed at 77 K using a LT UHV STM/AFM (ScientaOmicron, Taunusstein, Germany) operated at a base pressure of 5 × 10−10 mbar. NC-AFM measurements were conducted with a quartz cantilever based on a tuning fork [27] and a chemically etched tungsten tip attached to the end of the active prong

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• are versatile in developing high-performance electro-optical and spintronic devices [18]. Experimental ZnO films are grown on a quartz substrate (1 × 1 cm2) using a ZnO (99.99%) target (2″ diameter and 3 mm thickness) in a radio frequency (RF) sputtering system. The quartz substrate is ultrasonically

• interference phenomena due to differences in film refractive index and substrate refractive index. This behavior of the spectra indicates the formation of smooth and uniform films on the quartz substrate [37]. The spectra of all samples show a sudden rise in reflectance above 370 nm, which represents the ZnO

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• of sodium for 20 min. The thickness of the sodium layer was measured using a quartz microbalance; it was 2.5 Å after the 10 min experiment and 7.6 Å after the 30 min experiment. In the third step, the samples with deposited sodium were annealed at 773 K for 30 min. The XPS spectra were measured

• /Si substrates in a two-zone quartz reactor. The substrate was placed in the high-temperature zone and annealed there at 423 K for 30 min in an argon flow of 250 sccm. Then, this zone was heated to 873 K. 200 mg of sulfur powder (99.9% purity) were placed in a quartz crucible in the low-temperature

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• . Aluminum foil was used to wrap the sample and the glass vessel before they were introduced into a quartz tubular furnace (Lindberg/Blue MTM Mini-Mite Tube Furnace), equipped with a temperature controller. At a very low-pressure, high-quality nitrogen gas was passed through the tubular furnace. The presence

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• was calculated using the formula where A represents the absorbance of DPPH and B represents the absorbance of the DPPH and TA combination. A similar experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant activity of FLG–TA deposited on quartz in the form of a film. In this parallel examination, the

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• flame burner with a sintered metal outlet is shown in Figure 1. The burner comprises a premix chamber to ensure the thorough mixing of the gasses and a concentric nozzle tube outlet with diameters of 17 mm. A quartz tube with an outer diameter of 50 mm is placed around the burner nozzle to ensure that

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• -type zeolites through their main diffraction peaks indicated on the ZSA graph. Other minor phases such as quartz are also present. The SEM image shows a variety of crisscross crystals, which have the morphology expected for the zeolite types evidenced by XRD [16][17]. Very elongated crystals with

• . Experimental Material and methods Natural zeolite from the San Andrés deposit in Cuba, with a particle size range of 40–160 μm, was used. This zeolitic material consists primarily of mordenite and clinoptilolite-type zeolites (around 80%), along with minor accompanying phases (quartz, montmorillonite, feldspar

• traditional ion exchange (IE) and impregnation (Imp) methods. The Miller indexes (hkl) corresponding to the zeolite phases are shown in the pattern of the ZSA. Mor, HEU, and Q are associated to the phases of mordenite, clinoptilolite–heulandite, and quartz, respectively. SEM micrograph of ZSA from the San

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• density of plasma) with lower maintenance. To address this challenge, ECR-based ion sources were developed [24][25]. ECR ion sources are one of the most preferred ion sources for the easy production of ions with different energies and charge states. Since the discharge is maintained in the quartz cup via

• a strong electric field generated in the cavity, the ECR-based ion sources equipped with microwave cavities neither contain any filament nor any type of electrode [26]. The high plasma density within a quartz cup is confined by solenoid magnets surrounding it, creating a multi-cusp magnetic field

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• conductive substrate limits STM techniques in relevant industrial applications involving such more complex catalysts. For this reason, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) version of the high-pressure STM employing a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was introduced to overcome this limitation [16]. Unlike STM, which uses

• larger. The QTF’s resonance frequency depends on pressure according to the following equation: where μ is the added mass due to the interaction with surrounding gas molecules, ρ is the density of the quartz tuning fork, and A is the area of the cross section [19]. Basically, the pressure dependence is

• acquisition of the tunneling current, and its small oscillation amplitudes (10 pm to 100 nm) [16]. The fundamental limits of the quartz tuning fork as a force sensor in scanning probe microscopy have been discussed in detail by Grober and colleagues [21]. Moreover, conventional AFM requires an optical

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• Kafi Devi Usha Rani Arun Kumar Divya Gupta Sanjeev Aggarwal Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.25 Abstract In this study, zinc telluride (ZnTe) films were grown on quartz substrates at room temperature, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500

• substrate are two important parameters for substrate selection. To the best of our knowledge, studies related to the impact of the substrate (silicon and quartz) and film deposition temperature up to 600 °C on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical behaviour of RF-sputtered ZnTe films are

• ZnTe films on silicon substrates [24]. It was observed that 400 °C is the optimum temperature for the growth of ZnTe films. In this study, our we focus on optimizing the deposition parameters for ZnTe films on quartz substrates and study the impact of substrate temperature (300–600 °C) on various

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• Figure 2. The XRD analysis for bentonite before modification with niobium indicates dioctahedral montmorillonite (M-COD 9002779 Mx(Al4−xMgx)Si8O20(OH)4) with an amount of kaolinite (K-COD 1011045 Al2H4O9Si2) and quartz (Q-COD 9012600 SiO2) at 13.8%, 41.6%, and 44.6%, respectively [8]. The characteristic

• reflections of montmorillonite (M) for the basal spacing correspond to approximately 15 Å (d001 = 14.88 Å), related to the interlayer distance of 2:1 clays, resulting in a spacing between 14.0–15.0 Å corresponding to the peak at 6.17 2θ (o) [11]. The quartz phase (Q) was identified by the presence of

• niobium oxide can be achieved through a simple and low-cost procedure. The XRD results revealed that the raw bentonite contains additional phases such as kaolinite and quartz. The niobium incorporated into bentonite clay (BEPh and BEOx) indicated that the niobium modification did not destroy the structure

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• et al. addresses the significantly increased precision of force spectroscopy measurements when performed with a quartz cantilever allowing to reduce the oscillation amplitude to values in the low picometer regime [2]. As the conversion of frequency-shift to force data critically depends on the

• accurate knowledge of the quartz cantilever stiffness, the authors develop a method to quantify the stiffness based on thermal noise measurements and numerical simulation. Calibrated measurements of conductivity and resistivity are the focus of the contribution by Piquemal et al. [3]. A particular

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• . Analysis was performed using Malvern dispersion technology software version 5.10. A Perkin-Elmer Lambda 25 UV–visible spectrometer was utilized for UV spectra collection. Fluorescence spectra were recorded on a HITACHI F 7100 spectrofluorometer. Measurements were conducted at 37 °C using a quartz cuvette

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• precursors quartz and hydrogen was carried out. The obtained equilibrium constants (Keq) were related to the temperature profile in the deposition zone and used in the proposed simulation. The validation of the model was carried out by measuring the temperature experimentally, where the temperature range on

• form atomic hydrogen, which reacts with the eleven solid quartz sources. A cloud or plasma is formed and finally reaches the substrate for the formation of the thin films. Finally, zone three is the exit of the gases that were not deposited in the film. The entire process is carried out under

• parameters of the heterogeneous reaction between H° in the gas phase and quartz to describe its behavior as a function of temperature at constant pressure. The thermodynamic data obtained and those taken from the bibliography will be used in the Arrhenius equation to calculate the thermodynamic and transport

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• -aminophenol (P-AP) in the presence of nanoparticle catalyst and NaBH4. All catalysis experiments were performed at RT in a 3.5 mL quartz cuvette. The reagents were introduced in the sequence of 2 mL P-NP (0.25 mM or 1 mM), 1 mL of NaBH4 (100 mM), and 50 μL of ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs (1 ± 0.2 OD). The

• degradation of P-NP and the formation of P-AP as a model reaction. This transformation, catalyzed by noble metal nanoparticles in the presence of NaBH4 as reducing agent, is widely utilized to assess the catalytic performance of nanomaterials [14]. All catalytic experiments were performed in a standard quartz