Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• ratio and enhanced surface reactivity [30]. These features, combined with the tunable surface chemistry of nanoparticles, allow for efficient interactions with free radicals and facilitate electron transfer reactions, resulting in robust antioxidant activity [49]. This activity involves scavenging free

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• , one is able to gather information about transport processes happening at 1–3 nm. If one selects an appropriate spin probe, the ESR spectra contain much valuable information. Line shape analysis and spin relaxation times can provide information on the motion and reactivity of trapped radicals. This can

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• becomes the dominant process over structure growth, leading to the erosion of the formed metal-rich deposits. This threshold provides insight into the precursor’s resistance to ion bombardment and is crucial for assessing its stability and reactivity under processing conditions. (4) Collecting SEM EDX

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• environments. However, their application may raise concerns about potential hazards, and the risks associated with these nanomaterials need to be considered. Nanomaterials can pose ecotoxicological risks because of their small size, high reactivity, and potential to persist in the environment. Specifically

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• different electronic stopping behavior, which results in a distinct ionization of the surrounding matrix. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of Ag towards functional groups in polymers differs from that of Cu or C, potentially leading to unique structural modifications and functional responses. Among

• generating oxygen species. The low implantation energy results in the ions remaining relatively close to the surface, where they can most influence the chemical reactivity of the material. A different trend is observed when GO is implanted with silver ions with a mean energy of 1.5 MeV. At a fluence of 3.75

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• polycationic character. These groups are reactive and can be chemically modified through activation or cross-linking. The reactivity of the hydroxy and primary amine groups imparts complexing and chelating properties, enabling the production of chitosan derivatives with enhanced characteristics compared to the

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• catalyst stabilization and confined 2D reactivity, to time-resolved studies of gas–solid reactions, photocatalytic water splitting, atomic layer deposition, and electrochemical interfaces, demonstrate the breadth of scientific questions that APXPS can now address. MAX IV’s SPECIES and HIPPIE beamlines have

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• , cellular absorption, and slow release of drugs [38]. Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal polymer systems used as drug carriers for targeted therapies and diagnostics [39]. Gold nanoparticles have properties such as chemical reactivity, anti-inflammatory effects, and protein-binding abilities, while

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• , and advanced membrane materials, exhibit unique properties such as high surface area, enhanced reactivity, and tunable surface chemistry, which offer promising avenues for the selective and efficient removal of MPs from water. This paper also explores the mechanism, performance and limitations of

• key properties of nanoparticles include high surface area, extensive functionalization, high reactivity, and size-dependent characteristics. By leveraging these properties, water treatment methods can be refined at the nanoscale to selectively target pollutants [16][17]. This comprehensive review

• recognized for enhancing efficiency, affordability, effectiveness, and durability. These benefits stem from unique properties such as high specific surface area, increased reactivity, extensive functionalization, and size-dependent behaviour. By leveraging these characteristics, water treatment processes can

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• surface chemistries, these considerations are especially important. The reactivity of the iron oxide surface itself is often neglected, but it should be noted that the use of thiols [43][44][45][46] and amines [47][48] as anchoring groups for IONP ligands has been reported in the literature, so it is

• clear that a binding affinity exists between these groups and surface Fe. From this standpoint, it is evident that proper controls are necessary to determine the cross-reactivity of these groups with IONPs. Herein, we report on the cross-reactivities of amines, thiols, maleimides, and common disulfide

• surface [48], but can still bind through its carboxylate group. To rule out the possibility of cross-reactivity with quinones, in the case of 3,4-DHBA, we incorporate a set of controls using 3,5-DHBA ligands (Figure 1b), which cannot form stable quinones due to their meta hydroxy groups [56]. Few studies

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• may be required depending on the degree of reactivity between the polymer-cross-linker [47] and the desired characteristics of the hydrogel [14]. Various cross-linkers that cannot be categorized as conventional chemical cross-linkers have been utilized for the formation of hydrogels and nanogels [48

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• is added to the molecule. The calculated IP and EA values for the target molecules are summarized in Table 3. Ionization potential is critical for assessing chemical reactivity; high IP values indicate chemical inertness and greater stability, whereas low IP values suggest higher molecular reactivity

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• that form the film, while the Pt ions in the 2+ oxidation state are confined at the outermost layers [29]. The interplay of ceria surfaces with adsorbed molecules, a crucial factor in understanding reactivity, has become a significant research focus, also thanks to synchrotron-radiation-based XPS

• on Pt NPs supported on ceria were compared with the ones observed on a Pt(111) surface [31]. The oxide-supported NPs were shown to have an enhanced reactivity and additional reaction pathways [31]. Regarding the same system, the efficient decomposition of methanol and the resistance to poisoning have

• associated to the formation of a Ce–Pt alloyed interfacial phase exhibiting a (2 × 2) periodicity [47]. The influence of the substrate on the stability and reactivity of supported ceria nanoislands has also been investigated by Ce M5 XANES in the case of Au(111) [48]. A loss of redox activity accompanied by

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• likelihood of collisions and agglomeration if the repulsive forces are insufficient compared to other solvents, or the material-specific properties of FeS2, such as its semiconductor nature, weaker surface charge, and potential surface reactivity [73]. These factors reduce the effectiveness of electrostatic

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• -vacuum conditions, a small residual oxygen concentration inevitably remains within the deposition chamber. At elevated temperatures, the reactivity of these residual oxygen molecules increases, facilitating their adsorption onto the growing film surface. However, an increase in N2 pressure can lead to

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• , under incident helium ion energies of 50 to 100 eV. Nitrogen gas offers a fascinating opportunity for ion implantation in Mo thin films because of its high reactivity [22]. The incorporation of nitrogen ions alters the characteristics of Mo thin films, potentially improving their performance in a wide

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• AFM; model catalysts; nc-AFM; operando catalysis; qPlus tuning fork sensor; Introduction Operando catalysis is the field of research that monitors the structure, composition, and morphology of a catalyst while simultaneously investigating its activity, reactivity, and selectivity under industrially

• catalyst ceases its reactivity, the reaction stops. Furthermore, we observe maxima in masses of m/z 30, 44, and 86, representing ethane, propane, and hexane, respectively, in the same time frame as that for the observation of water formation. Conclusion The developments in the ReactorAFM/STM design prove

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• exhibited 3.4 times higher reactivity than BiOCl when exposed to visible light. The degradation of TC using the BiOCl/CdS catalyst exhibited a similar tendency, with degradation rates 4.73 and 2.94 times higher than those of pure CdS and BOCl, respectively [95]. Some other heterostructures also exhibited

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• parameters. As such, nanoparticle size [32][33], colloidal stability [33], gas formation [11][34], degree of oxidation [35][36][37], and nanoparticle productivity [11][32][33][34] can be influenced and tailored to specific needs. Although it may be expected that the particles’ reactivity with the solvent and

• rates also lead to different reactivity with the cooling solvent molecules that set the final surface chemistry of the particles and, thereby, affect their phase preference. Since the standard electrochemical reduction potential of Cu and Fe is close to 0 V, the different polarities of propylene

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• cases from their high surface reactivity, which results from their small size and large surface area. They include applications in catalysis [3][4] (e.g., as catalytic converters in engines and for energy capture and storage) and as sensors [5][6] (e.g., for bioremediation and environmental monitoring

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• different origins. The authors assign one type of defects to a possible defect in the Ir surface. The other type is identified as four missing carbon atoms corroborated by a higher reactivity with the tip. We thank all authors who contributed to this thematic issue and we are grateful to all reviewers for

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• ], heavy metal removal [11][12], sensor technologies [13][14][15][16], and biomedical applications [17]. Nanoscale materials represent a thriving field of research with a wide range of potential applications. Today, it is generally recognized that properties like hardness, reactivity, toxicity, and optical