Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• scales of the liquid evaporation and the particle movement: The solvent evaporates so slowly that particles move over at least mesoscale distances, thus allowing for aggregation in the ring [33]. In our research, the deposition protocol may have influenced the observed phenomena. The hydrophilic APDMES

• VSFG, s vis, p IR) polarization combination. (A) VSFG spectra in H2O. (B) VSFG spectra in D2O. Note the different intensity scales. (C) Model of the proposed conformations of dimanno-AuNPs and PEG AuNPs. PEG AuNPs (left) show little order in the PEG chains. Dimanno-AuNPs (right) show a stretched-out

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• now visualize materials at molecular and atomic scales with unprecedented resolution. Without the demands of nanomaterials research, such advancements in instrumentation and methodology would likely have taken much longer to emerge. Notably, nanomaterial research not only has expanded the

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• scales involved. In previous research, we used molecular dynamics simulations to explore various aspects of gecko adhesion [10][11][12][13]. We found that humidity increases the force required to pull a spatula off from a substrate [10][12], a phenomenon also observed in high-humidity atomic force

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• the spins can be refocused depends on their diffusional displacement during the interval between the gradient pulses. Thus, PFG-NMR is sensitive for processes occurring on length scales from ca. 10 nm to several millimeters and at the milliseconds-to-seconds timescale. Besides the fact that NMR is an

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• the concept of applying a small number of key cells, which should create precisely engineered tunable inhomogeneities. Such inhomogeneity may be designed as an element of tunable kinetic inductance [17]. This element has high inductance at small scales and can be controlled using currents [18][19

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• size in the pipe scales (50–100 μm) than in the water samples (>200 μm) [40]. In Eastern China, the level of MPs in raw water was recorded at 4960 particles·L−1. After being treated by various processes, the MPs concentration significantly reduced from 4712 ± 95 particles·L−1 to 1012 ± 78 particles·L−1

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• Thünen Institute of Wood Research, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.119 Abstract The anisotropic hygroscopic behavior of pine cone scales and its effect on bending motion, with implications for bioinspired actuation, is

• function of relative humidity. There were distinct differences between tissues and a pronounced hysteresis between sorption and desorption. Finite element analysis was performed on geometries ranging from simplified bilayer models to complex remodeled scales. Simulation results showed an underestimation of

• technical applications [1][2][3][4]. Of particular interest are, for example, Banksia seed pods [5][6], Hakea fruits [7][8], and scales of pine cones [9][10][11][12], which passively respond to changes in ambient relative humidity by shape morphing to facilitate seed dispersal. In the case of pine cones

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• , contain active sites that are dynamically stabilized, and be in a state of deviation from chemical equilibrium under reaction conditions. Therefore, fully describing a functional catalyst requires addressing a range of dynamics across multiple temporal scales. To examine such a dynamic at the atomic level

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• metamaterials, even more complex and tailored mechanical properties can be achieved at multiple length scales [15]. This integration enables the creation of materials with unprecedented combinations of stiffness, strength, damping, and other mechanical characteristics, offering enhanced performance and

• scales [17]. This approach allows for precise control over stiffness distributions, enabling the creation of materials with tailored mechanical responses that vary spatially or directionally to meet specific performance requirements. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing techniques have

• between layers of different materials [22]. Thus, almost all functionally graded metamaterials are limited to structural gradients and do not feature material gradients. Nature is one prime example of multihierarchical structuring and gradation, which can be found in various forms and on different scales

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• robustness, since the characteristic time scales of changes in the magnetic moments of atoms are much smaller compared to their spatial counterparts. In the second problem, a unified integration step of 0.1 fs was used for all computational experiments. In the second problem, crystalline cobalt (fcc

• integrating the systems of Equation 1 and Equation 2. Dependences of the deviation of the relative normalized magnetic energy (a) and magnetization modulus (b) from different time steps of integration. The scales on the abscissa and ordinate axes are presented in decimal logarithm values. Variation of the

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• background for stiffness and Young’s modulus. In these cases, the offset in the color-coded scales has been set to 0–35 mN/m and 0–5 MPa, respectively, for an easier and more direct interpretation of the obtained values. The stiffness is obtained from the slope of the curve during compression by the AFM tip

• similar experimental setup using a fluid chamber in the AFM, we can argue that time scales between measurements and between solutions were similar. We cannot explain the steeper slope reported in distilled water in that study. Furthermore, according to Çetiner et al., a rapid osmolyte release takes place

• modulus (C, F, I). As observed, PA is identified on the surface in contrast with the background due to its different interaction with the AFM tip under the same loading force. Measuring conditions are given as rows, while colored scales for each extracted parameter are shown as columns. Degree of

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• productivities up to 8 g/h [48]. The throughput linearly scales with laser power [49], so that energy-specific mass productivity values are useful scaling factors. Here, the experimentally determined values of 9.7 µg/J [48] align with those from computational works (5–7 µg/J) [48][50]. Depending on the set goal

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• to map the surface to scales below the measured image feature size by “erosion” [14]. It is also important to note that recently machine-learning based methods have been applied to blind reconstruction to reconstruct true surface images from AFM images experimentally broadened by the tip [15

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• reactions that span from atomic to macroscopic length scales. Consequently, it is paramount to understand the complex cascades that follow laser irradiation of condensed matter. Of particular importance here is the processing in the presence of liquids surrounding the irradiated material, but also

• relaxations crossing all the time and length scales, as well as to discriminate individual structural pathways from an average sampling over repetitive pulses, varying fluence or ensemble of nonidentical NPs and structures. While optical methods have been paramount to understanding structural processes and

• be described by a steady-state process as on macroscopic length scales. Melting as a heterogeneously driven phase transition may require nucleation, which sets the timescale for the transition to the liquid state to some picoseconds in defective systems to some hundreds of picoseconds in single

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• parameters such as wavelength and pulse duration, fragmentation setups can also affect the fragmentation efficiency. A homogeneous fluence distribution is particularly relevant for sensitive organic materials, as the amount of degradation products scales with the laser intensity used [42], which is why

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• decades, many characterization tools used to investigate chemical, electronic, or structural properties of materials have been developed or upgraded to match the requirements imposed by nanotechnology. Imaging capabilities covering from meso- to atomic scales, spatially resolved spectroscopies with

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• difference (CPD) [18]. Its exceptional spatial resolution, ranging from sub-micrometer [24][26] to atomic scales [27][28], makes AFM a powerful tool for nanoscale analysis. Scanning probe-based capacitance mapping methods can be divided into two categories: Methods measuring the tip–sample capacitance

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• use of masks, achieving scales down to a few nanometers with various patterns and shapes, offers significant advantages for a wide range of technological applications. These include areas that require plasmonic [1][2][3], phononic [3][4], magnetic [5][6], optoelectronic [7][8][9], and mechanical [10

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• –substrate interactions on scales shorter than the diffusion length. The strength of adsorbate–substrate interaction is defined by both substrate and adsorbed material. Adsorbate–substrate interactions encompass a broad spectrum of physical and chemical phenomena that dictate the initial nucleation

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• environmental pressures. Such pressures involve intricate interactions between surface structures and the environment across different scales, including nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Biomimetics aims at making use of understanding how these adaptations and the particular material properties of these surfaces

• . Bioinspired nanotechnology plays a crucial role by harnessing nanoscale properties and processes to create highly effective surfaces and interfaces at various scales. In May 2023, the Beilstein Nanotechnology Symposium “Functional Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces: from Biology to Biomimetics” gathered

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• parameters can precisely be determined regardless of the oscillation amplitude. As the periodicity of the cavity light field scales with the length standard given by the laser light wavelength, this specifically facilitates a calibration of the oscillation amplitude with unprecedented accuracy and precision

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• 10.3762/bjnano.16.1 Abstract The scales of the gold-dust weevil Hypomeces squamosus are green because of three-dimensional diamond-type chitin–air photonic crystals with an average periodicity of about 430 nm and a chitin fill fraction of about 0.44. A single scale usually contains one to three

• }-oriented domains exhibits polarization conversion, rotating the angle of linearly polarized light. The overall coloration, resulting from the reflections from many scales, is close to uniformly diffuse because of the random orientation of the domains. Using titania sol–gel chemistry, we produced negative

• copolymers [10][11], lithography, or laser etching [12][13], but it can be routinely found in animal integuments. Biomimetic approaches using templates from natural structures offers a possible alternative. The scales of many beetles and weevils contain diamond photonic crystals [14][15][16] that may serve

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• instantaneous values within the reactor. The 0D model scales to a spatial 2D model. For the numerical solution, the following considerations are made: Molecular hydrogen behaves like an ideal gas in a two-dimensional model with position coordinates (x,y). The fluid is considered laminar and incompressible. The