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Search for "uptake" in Full Text gives 309 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS2 nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145
- act as a barrier, reducing the uptake of antimicrobial agents, thus, increasing the required inhibitory concentrations. Similar results have been observed for silver, ZnO, and other metal chalcogenide nanoparticles, which show higher MIC/MBC values for E. coli compared to S. aureus [41]. In size
- uptake, are expected to be within the range typically reported for Ag-based chalcogenides exhibiting stable dispersions. Antioxidant activity of AgSbS2 NCs The DPPH radical scavenging activity of AgSbS2 NCs in the assay using ascorbic acid as a positive control is revealed in Figure 5. The synthesized
Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144
- coupled with systematic biological evaluation to ensure reliable assessment of safety and performance. Physicochemical evaluation of CNMs Size and shape are critical parameters that influence the biological behaviour of CNMs. These factors affect biodistribution, clearance, and cellular uptake. For
- atomic force microscopy. Surface charge plays a significant role in determining how CNMs interact with biological membranes and intracellular environments. It influences processes such as cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory signalling. For example, BSA-derived negatively charged CDs exhibited
- enhanced cellular uptake, whereas positively charged CDs elicited stronger cytokine responses [41]. Zeta potential measurements are routinely used to quantify surface charge, which can be tuned through appropriate surface functionalisation strategies. Stability is another essential aspect of NM evaluation
Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141
- gecko keratin [11]. It also helped clarify other aspects of humidity-enhanced adhesion, revealing that keratin softening due to water uptake accounts for only a minor part of the increase in adhesion on very smooth surfaces [13]. The present paper builds on our previous research and extends the
The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138
- remains hypothetical. Sa-5 has 8.6% of its amino acid composition as histidine. It has been shown that some histidine-containing adhesive proteins may function as metal-binding proteins, as observed in the mussel byssus. Mussels actively uptake metal ions from seawater, which they then incorporate into
PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133
- chains arrange on the nanoparticle surface and the potential impacts on LNPs’ physicochemical properties by varying surface PEG density or PEG chemistry. Subsequently, PEG conformations are discussed in terms of their modulation of protein corona formation, cellular uptake, and immunogenic responses
- properties of LNPs including particle size, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency. Subsequent sections explore the roles of PEG lipids in modulating protein corona formation and cellular uptake. The latter parts highlight the potential of functionalized PEG lipids for targeted delivery and the
- shell of LNPs plays a pivotal role. As hydrophilic and protective shield during LNP circulation and in vivo activities, the conformation and binding kinetics of PEG layer are both important, particularly in modulating protein adsorption and subsequent interactions with cellular uptake pathways [23
Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126
- can improve the cellular uptake of various drugs and can facilitate targeted delivery to the intracellular parasites [50][51]. Since the amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. reside within the phagolysosomes of macrophages, the phagocytic uptake of nanodroplets significantly increases the intracellular
- may also be expected against amastigotes, given the comparable cellular biology and mitochondrial activity between the two stages. The major challenge, however, is the intracellular localization of amastigotes, which requires not only uptake of the nanoemulsion by macrophages but also subsequent
Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122
- -specific drug delivery. In this context, endocytosis is commonly categorized into two types, that is, phagocytosis and pinocytosis, as illustrated in Figure 3A. Phagocytosis involves the uptake of particles larger than 500 nm that bind to specific surface receptors (such as Toll-like, mannose/lectin, and
- , folic acid, peptides, and NPs smaller than 50 nm with surface charges between +15 and −15 mV are preferentially internalized via CvME. Some NPs follow clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis pathways, which involve distinct uptake mechanisms, often dependent on cholesterol. These alternative
Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121
- are still in the process of optimizing the system parameters to make the method meet the needs of clinical sample testing. However, there may be some endogenous biotin-binding proteins or exogenous uptake of biotin in clinical samples from esophageal cancer patients that may bind nonspecifically to
- cellular uptake, poor stability due to tumor microenvironment, and inadequate drug release due to inadequate drug release mechanisms. Two years later, a novel bivalent aptamer-DNA-Dox conjugate (BADD) [117], was developed, and the A2 aptamer was truncated to A2 (35) to reduce steric hindrance and improve
- cellular uptake. While cationic nanocarriers can effectively mediate delivery, this strategy substantially increases manufacturing complexity and production costs. Regulatory bodies must therefore establish new quality control standards to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Third, approved aptamer-based
Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119
- investigated. Using gravimetric water uptake measurements, synchrotron radiation-based nano-holotomography, and digital volume correlation analysis, inter- and intra-tissue variations of hygroscopic swelling/shrinkage were observed. In addition, the moisture content of pine cone scale tissues was measured as a
- the bending motion of the scale. One crucial influencing factor is the difference within or between tissues, as Eger et al. [23] highlighted. The authors measured the relative change of moisture content as a function of relative humidity by gravimetric water uptake measurements of the sclereid cells
- , the brown tissue, and the sclerenchyma fibers of a Pinus wallichiana pine cone scale. However, as their water uptake measurements consisted of only one measurement per tissue, being limited to the range of 30–80% RH, and their equilibrium criterion being one hour of exposure instead of a mass change
Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116
- CXCL9/10 expression in Schwann cells [114]. Particle size and stability of the formulation in the patent were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced uptake in HepG2 cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and achieved a
- scattering (DLS), and UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy were used for characterization. The nanoparticles showed increased cellular uptake compared to free PD-L1, suppression of the NF-κB pathway as indicated by reduced PHO-P65 protein expression, and enhanced tumor inhibition due to immune activation and
- spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing a polygonal or oval morphology. To evaluate the antitumor effects, cytotoxicity assays, cellular uptake assays, apoptosis detection, ROS production, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting for gene and protein
Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115
- nanoparticles can be modified to achieve high protein loading or avoid a rapid cellular uptake. Using different strategies, nanoparticles have been functionalized with a variety of ligands such as small molecules, surfactants, polymers, and biomolecules [21][22]. The use of cationic molecules, as
- nanoparticles was functionalized with PEI, a hydrophilic polymer that provides a positive surface charge. This modification enhances high macromolecule loading or improves the cell interaction and cellular uptake [22][33][34]. The cationic character induces biomolecules with negative charges, such as proteins
Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98
- receptors and ligands, as well as the number of interactions necessary to overcome the energy barrier for cellular uptake. Properly balancing these factors ensures efficient binding and internalization of the nanoparticles by the target cells [50][51]. For example, nanoparticles can be engineered to
- modifications prevent rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, prolonging the presence of the drug in the bloodstream and increasing drug levels in the central nervous system [62]. Additionally, functionalizing liposomes with ligands or antibodies can facilitate specific interactions with cell surface
- instance, liposomal formulations of antibiotics such as polymyxin B, cefepime, and vancomycin have demonstrated superior antibacterial effects compared to their free drug counterparts [64][65][66]. Liposomes enhance drug stability, increase drug concentration at the target site, and facilitate drug uptake
Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97
- require, including the system ASC (alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring) and LAT-2 (large amino acid transporter 2) [69]. In neuronal cells, cysteine uptake is supported by EAAC-1, part of the xag− system (a sodium-dependent transporter family) with a strong affinity for acidic amino acids like glutamate
- example, by inhibiting the expression of SLC7A11, it reduces the uptake of cysteine and sensitizes the cell to ferroptosis [83]. 2.2 Targeting ferroptosis in cancer therapy Some types of cancer are naturally more susceptible to ferroptosis due to distinct metabolic characteristics [84]. PUFA-ePLs produced
- , ferroptosis inducers can trigger ferroptosis through various ways: (I) GSH is the most frequently utilized antioxidant inside the cell and is essential for maintaining antioxidant enzymes like GPX4. The production of GSH relies on the uptake of cysteine mediated by system xc− [88]. The inhibition of system xc
Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93
- counterpart [47]. The superior pharmacological response of the nanoemulsion may be attributed to the nanoscale droplet size, which increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, enhances solubility and stability, and promotes rapid absorption and cellular uptake [56]. The nanometric scale facilitates more
Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92
- . The uptake of LDL inside the cells occurs mainly via receptor-mediated endocytosis by a structurally similar receptor family, similar to LDL receptor proteins including LDL receptor-related protein (LRP or megalin), very-low density lipoprotein (vLDL) receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (ApoER2
- ) [62]. After uptake, LDL is phagocytosed to form lysosomes. However, lysosomes can degrade most drugs, which limits their applications [63][64]. Zhu et al. proposed reconstituted LDL nanoparticles to prevent acidic degradation. They added fatty acids to encapsulate drugs in the lipid core because fatty
- cholesterol uptake, and induce ferroptosis of the cancer cells [67]. HDL presents many features that make it ideal for drug delivery applications including biocompatibility and biodegradability, long circulation, hydrophobic core, and small size. The main lipoprotein of HDL is alpha apolipoprotein (apo A-I
Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91
- degradation byproducts [8][9]. One problem is that the hydrophilic structure of PVA gives it a high water-solubility, water uptake, and worse mechanical properties [10][11]. Different filler and nanomaterials including silica [12][13][14], graphene [15][16], and metals [17][18] have been added to PVA to
Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90
- the tumor with leakage permeable to blood flow due to disordered endothelial cell layers. This cellular organization of the vasculature with increased permeability allows increased uptake of nanoparticles by endocytosis and, consequently, increased cytotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs. Thus, with
Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80
- be properly assessed at this stage of the study. This is because the evaluation of cellular phototoxicity requires consideration of cellular uptake and localization, and further studies must be conducted. Conclusion We successfully fabricated several MPc (M = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and PtOEP nanoparticles
Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78
- uptake, ROS levels, noncytotoxic dosing, and migration capacity. Additionally, osteoblastic differentiation and calcium deposition, as markers of end-stage osteoblast differentiation, were evaluated. Materials and Methods Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal boron nitrides Hexagonal boron nitride
- osteoblast cell activity, the HOb cell line (cell line no. 406-05a, European Collection of Cell Cultures, UK) was chosen due to its sensitivity to mechanical and electric stimuli. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, cellular uptake, scratch, and von Kossa staining assays (Abcam, UK) were
- 45 min. Afterward, fluorescence and absorbance were measured at the 485/535 nm range by a microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland). Cellular uptake assay According to the logic of the NMs uptake procedure by flow cytometry, an increasing percentage of side scatter (SSC%) shift indicates growth in
A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75
- keeping them inclined to bind specific choline transporter-positive cells overexpressed in tumoral cells [53][65]. To verify if the choline motifs confer to 1 the capability to penetrate selectively choline-positive cells, cellular uptake experiments were performed on tumoral MCF-7 cells and non-malignant
- shown in Figure 2C,D, no fluorescence was detected in HuDe cells, while in MCF7 cells we observed an evident, intense diffuse fluorescence at the cytoplasmatic level. The uptake only in tumor cells suggests the nanoassembly of 1 as a potential new agent for selective tumor cell imaging and nanocarrier
- expressed as a percentage of the absorbance measured in the control cells, and values expressed as mean ± SD of two separate experiments, each performed in triplicate. Cellular uptake of the nanoassembly of 1 HuDe cells (1 × 105) and MCF7 cells (2 × 105) were plated in complete medium on coverslips placed
Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74
Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65
- desorbed from the surface with the uptake of oxygen from cerium oxide [58]. The same method was used to investigate the same system also during exposure to water and to laser light at different temperatures [59]. Also in this case the Cu dopant ions were found to be active in modifying the electronic
Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57
- ) ionizable lipids. Cellular uptake and siRNA delivery efficiency of the LNPs were determined in media containing untreated or heat-inactivated serum. Mechanistically, we found that apolipoprotein E, a protein corona component that is crucial for MC3 LNP tropism, displayed reduced stability and functionality
- upon heat inactivation of FCS, thereby negatively influencing uptake and cargo delivery of MC3 LNPs, but not C12 LNPs. Our results underline the importance of overlooked factors in in vitro experiments that can inadvertently affect LNP performance. These findings can help to improve protocols to study
- nanoparticle, reviewed by [6][7][8], as well as the protein source of the corona [9][10][11]. Ultimately, the protein corona can change the uptake [12][13][14], biodistribution [15][16][17][18], immunological responses [19][20] and toxicity [6][21][22] of nanoparticles and its characterization should thus play
Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55
- greater intracellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity on rat C6 glioma cells [36]. Laser-generated nanoscale cinnamon was also synthesized and showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after particle size reduction compared to the unirradiated educt [37
Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44
- demonstrated a linear response over nine orders of magnitude, with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL. This approach holds promise for early diagnosis and treatment of amyloid-related diseases [64]. Moreover, antibodies can facilitate the uptake of NPs by cells, a crucial step for delivering therapeutic payloads to
- NPs led to a higher permeability of RA and CUR across the BBB. This suggests that the antibody plays a crucial role in improving the uptake of NPs by cells and drug delivery to the brain [65]. Additionally, antibody conjugation can help to reduce the immunogenicity of NPs, enhancing their safety and
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