Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• triplicate to calculate the mean ± standard deviation. Antioxidant activity The antioxidant activity of the linseed oil-based nanoformulation was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical photocolorimetry method [55][56]. A 100 µL aliquot of DPPH solution (0.3 mmol·L−1 in 99

• from light. Absorbance was then measured at 518 nm using a Multiskan Go UV spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, FI). Ascorbic acid (3% w/v, prepared in the ophthalmic vehicle) was used as the positive control. The experiment was performed in quadruplicate, and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical

• inhibition percentage) was calculated using Equation 2 [57]. The IC50 (the concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition) of the radical scavenging activity was determined via linear regression analysis [58]. where Abscontrol, represents the absorbance of the DPPH radicals, Abssample, represents the

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• -atom catalysts and progressing to confined catalysis, time-resolved measurements, photocatalysis, and atomic layer deposition. Single-atom catalysts Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a frontier in (electro)catalysis, combining exceptional catalytic activity with optimal utilization of

• here. Instead, we focus on a study by Vesselli and co-workers that directly addresses catalytic activity in a biomimetic SAC system [20][21]. In their work, a cobalt single-atom biomimetic model catalyst is based on a self-assembled monolayer of Co-porphyrins grown on an almost free-standing graphene

• of different reactant ratios and their effect on the product composition within one experiment, which makes them inherently comparable. Thus, this pump–probe acquisition mode enables structure–activity correlations with high time resolution. Ethylene oxidation (millisecond time-resolution, continuous

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• to evade the immune system, such as expressing immunosuppressive molecules and creating a hostile tumor microenvironment that suppresses antitumor activity [7]. One of the most exploited mechanisms by tumors involves immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic

• (Figure 3B). The oldest selected patent was published by WO in November 2016, while the most recent was published by CN in 2024. China’s leadership in global patent activity is strongly supported by extensive public investment in research and innovation at both national and regional levels. The government

• ]. The use of natural products in cancer treatment and immunotherapy is mainly represented by the use of certain classes of compounds. Among them are saponins, which can remodel the tumor microenvironment, polysaccharides, such as lentinan, which increase immune cell activity, and polyphenols that can

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• improve safety but also effectively deliver complex venom proteins. The bioactive proteins that compound the Tityus serrulatus venom are complex molecules that should have the structural integrity preserved for the specific biological activity. The poor stability of these proteins, both in vivo and in

• shape, uniform aspects, and sizes compatible with the results obtained by dynamic light scattering. These morphological features are known to influence the biological activity of nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules, directly affecting their release. The release profile of a substance depends

• routes are very common for the administration of proteins with pharmacological activity and with particle sizes of around 200 nm [40]. Regarding stability, only minimal changes in physicochemical parameters were observed, indicating colloidal stability of the nanoparticle formulation. This is

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• wear, and microbial activity [3]. Common types of MPs found in ecosystems, particularly in freshwater and drinking water sources, include materials such as high-density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene [4]. Among the various contributors to MPs, residential households

• plankton development, lifespan and reproduction, and growth [45]. MPs function as carriers for heavy metals, resulting in their accumulation in the digestive systems of fish. This accumulation can negatively affect fish by impairing their activity, stunting growth, disrupting reproduction, and potentially

• of MP contamination [47]. In a study performed by Raza et al. [48], it was seen that, MPs, particularly polyacrylamide, pose significant risks to aquatic environments by accumulating in fish tissues, disrupting antioxidant enzyme activity, and altering blood parameters. Their presence leads to

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• performed at room temperature. A TOC-L CPH analyzer (SHIMADZU, Japan) was used to detect total organic carbon (TOC). Photocatalytic activity for OFL removal The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the photodegradation of 50 mL aqueous solutions of OFL at initial concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and

• , the content of hydroxyl groups in CC/HTNW is evaluated to be ca. 52%, which reduced to approximately 16% after the final air calcination, suggesting abundant residual surface oxygen vacancies in CC/NW-450 °C. These vacancies are beneficial for enhancing photocatalytic activity [26][27]. Photocatalytic

• activity for OFL removal and materials durability The photocatalytic activities of the carbon cloth-supported TiO2 nanowires (CC/NW-450 °C) were assessed by monitoring the degradation of various concentrations of OFL aqueous solutions under UV light radiation, as shown in Figure 5a. The corresponding

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• AgNPrs. Optimal conversion was observed after 72 h of irradiation, producing well-defined AgNPrs with an average size of 78 nm. The SERS activity of the AgNPrs was evaluated using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a probe molecule. Compared to spherical AgNPs, AgNPrs exhibited a significantly higher SERS

• ] SERS substrates by impregnating them with silver nanostructures. While many efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of AgNPrs and evaluation of their SERS activity, limited studies have focused on the SERS performance of photochemically synthesized AgNPrs, particularly in 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4

• SERS activity compared to AgNPs (seeds). The measurements were performed under identical experimental conditions, including fixed laser polarization, to ensure consistency and the current comparison is intended to be qualitative in nature. The enhancement factor (EF) was calculated using Equation 3 [23

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• in terms of enzyme activity [22][25], existing studies did not comprehensively assess MP removal efficiencies across different size ranges in aqueous environments, nor have they extensively evaluated the broader impact of MP contamination on soil ecosystems using BC. The role of modified BC

• BC and modified BC in mitigating MP-contaminated soil by evaluating crop yield, microbial expression, gene activity, and enzymatic responses, while also analyzing the effectiveness of various modified biochars in removing MPs of different sizes in aqueous environments. The findings of this review

• expanded (2022–2024) to encompass agricultural runoff assessments and urease enzyme activity in agricultural soils. Microplastics: “Biochar” remains the most central keyword, reinforcing its critical role in addressing MP contamination. From 2022 to 2024, the singular emergence of “nanoparticle” suggests a

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• properties. Antibacterial ring experiments revealed significant bactericidal activity against five different bacterial strains, namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Lysinibacillus lparviboronicapiens and Burkholderia ambifaria. Moreover, water flux and salt rejection

• nanomaterials can be engineered to optimize their antimicrobial activity, making them versatile tools in the development of advanced membrane technologies. Quantum effects, such as localized surface plasmon resonance in metallic nanoparticles, can further enhance antimicrobial properties by generating reactive

• into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, the fabricated Ag/PAN-TFN FO membrane demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with improved water flux and salt rejection. The in situ synthesis method ensures a uniform distribution of AgNPs within the

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• as a strategy to discover new antibiotic drugs [13]. In this context, the gold(I) antirheumatic drug Auranofin (RidauraTM) [14] was evaluated for its antibacterial activity, exerting potent antimicrobial effect against multiresistant strains [15]. The promising antibacterial profile of auranofin

• antimicrobial agents since they usually exhibit superior antimicrobial activity compared to silver(I) alone [100]. The mechanism of action of most silver complexes is based on a slow release of the silver(I) ions, which react with the thiol groups of proteins or with key functional groups of enzymes; the

• prevented the aggregation of silver ions, which is crucial for maintaining the antibacterial activity of the silver complexes. The Ag-NHC complex 5 (Figure 3) was also encapsulated in ʟ-tyrosine nanoparticles, which offer enhanced therapeutic potential through controlled and targeted release [103]. This

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• peroxides and the formation of non-toxic lipid alcohol under normal conditions [44]. Changes in GPX4 activity may indicate ferroptosis, which can be monitored by measuring NADPH and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide [45][46]. Heat shock proteins can also inhibit ferroptosis by stimulating GPX4 or regulating

• ROS production, such that HSPB1 and HSPA5 inhibit ferroptosis by inhibiting ROS production and increasing the activity of the enzyme GPX4 [47][48]. 2.1.2 Iron-mediated pathway. The critical role of iron in ferroptosis was identified through observations of ferroptosis inducers. Researchers found that

• increase the activity of the enzyme lipoxygenase, which, as mentioned in the previous section, is associated with ferroptosis [49]. To investigate the role of iron in ferroptosis, we should first familiarize ourselves with its metabolism within the cell. Transferrin is responsible for ferric iron (Fe+3

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• converted into porous BiVO4 photoanodes. This approach yielded electrodes with enhanced PEC activity, achieving a photocurrent density of approximately 1.25 mA·cm−2 at 0.5 V vs RHE in neutral phosphate buffer under AM1.5G illumination. This study highlighted the potential of BiOI-derived BiVO4 as a template

• synthesis parameters and PEC activity, while presenting a scalable and reproducible route for fabricating high-performance BiVO4 photoanodes. Experimental Material Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) and vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as Bi

• promote the formation of active crystal facets, which are critical for PEC performance. These results align with the enhanced photoelectrochemical activity observed for BiVO4(326), as the improved vibrational characteristics reflect more efficient light absorption and charge separation

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• have several medical applications. However, little is known about its pharmacological activity. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a nanoemulsion loaded with the oil extracted from the pulp of the fruit of Acrocomia aculeata. Griffin’s method

• determined the hydrophilic–lipophilic equilibrium ratio of the nanoemulsion. It was shown to have an adequate droplet size (173.60 nm) with excellent homogeneity (polydispersity index 0.200). The anti-inflammatory activity of the nanoemulsion was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Finally

• , the non-hemolytic and cytotoxic activity of the nanoformulation was determined to assess its safety. The nanoemulsion loaded with Acrocomia aculeata fruit pulp oil was shown to have parameters suitable for its characterization, impressive anti-inflammatory activity, and a safe profile. Keywords

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• [41]. Wayteck et al. have prepared liposomes that can hitchhike on cells to the tumor site and get separated to perform their cytotoxic activity [42]. 1.1.5 Cancer cells. Cancer cells establish their own mechanism to escape immune response [43]. They are tightly bound by surface proteins to hinder the

• with chemotherapeutic agents, rHDL shows outstanding active targeting and anticancer activities [57]. Moreover, rHDL showed potential to co-load hydrophobic paclitaxel and hydrophilic doxorubicin in apo A-I targeted rHDL nanoparticles. These nanoparticles showed superior antitumor activity in vitro and

• -modified nanosystem showed increased drug accumulation and enhanced therapeutic activity both in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models [125][126]. Another study regarding targeted therapy and improved drug delivery to the brain used the dual modification of RBC-coated lipid nanoparticles with T7 peptide

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• exhibits good heat-resistance, mechanical, and water-barrier properties. At an emulsion concentration as low as 10% (v/w) in the casting solution, high UV absorbance capacity (up to 100% UVC), high antibacterial activity (92.4% Escherichia coli inhibition), and good antioxidative properties (up to 43% DPPH

• antimicrobial and antioxidation properties that can offer extended shelf life [27][28][29]. Essential oils are great candidates and possess a variety of bioactive properties while maintaining a high biocompatibility [30]. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is one of the best-known essential oils with strong activity

• properties The DPPH radical scavenging (Figure 4a) showed a linear increase in scavenging activity with increasing CEO concentration, reaching a maximum of 43% at 10% (v/w) CEO incorporation. This trend suggests a direct correlation between the phenolic content of CEO and its ability to inhibit DPPH free

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• as cellulose ether [90], carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) [82], hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) [113], or cellulose nanofibers [135] yield valuable hydrogels. Keratin hydrogels are interesting for the properties of keratin, as they have intrinsic biocompatibility, therapeutic activity, and favorable

• thermodynamic activity of the system). Thus, the physicochemical properties related to the first approach involve only the interactions between drugs and vehicles. On the other hand, changing the drug solubility and/or its diffusion through SC is much more complex and comprises multiple interactions among drug

• through the oxidative coupling of catechol groups using a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) catalytic system [41]. The addition of the antibiotic doxycycline provided the hydrogels with antimicrobial activity to treat infected full-thickness defect wounds. Flexible films composed of

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• PSs have their hydrophobicity as drawback, which can lead to the formation of aggregates in aqueous solutions, compromising bioavailability and photodynamic activity [5]. The aggregation of the PS decreases its photoactive properties since, for its action, it must be in the monomeric form, in which

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• delivery system for rotenoids isolated from Clitoria fairchildiana seeds, leveraging their larvicidal activity against third-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a controlled ionic gelation method incorporating the TPP-β-CD inclusion complex, which resulted in nanoparticles

• Clitoria fairchildiana seeds with larvicidal activity against third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae. These studies revealed morphological and metabolic changes in the larvae, suggesting that V-ATPase inhibition triggers oxidative stress, resulting in high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut

• isolated and characterized from C. fairchildiana seeds [14]. These compounds exhibited larvicidal activity against third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae, causing morphological changes and metabolic alterations as a result of increased production of ROS in the insect midgut [14]. It is already well-documented in

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• adaptability to diverse environments. They also highlight the potential of the experimental approach to study the activity of rationally designed molecular channel inhibitors that can specifically bind channel proteins. Schematic representation of the force–volume approach to quantify nanomechanical

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• decomposition [4], oxygen evolution reactions (OER) [14], oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) [15], in CO oxidation [16], and in CO2 and CO reduction [17]. This high activity in catalysis has been attributed to adsorption energy distribution patterns (AEDP) during catalytic reactions [18], which may be tuned based

• to be the catalytically active species [108] while in HEA NP electrocatalysis, such oxides are formed under anodic potential [19]. Also, the presence of surface manganese oxide still provides good catalytic activity with sharp performance profiles allowing for derivation of composition–activity

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• TiO2 coatings (Figure 1). Therefore, post-deposition annealing becomes one of the key pathways in controlling the structure, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films [3]. After post-process annealing, all thin films exhibited peaks related to the (101) and (004) planes of anatase, for

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• the activity of the target substance in general. An alternative and promising method for dispersing hydrophobic organic compounds as colloids is pulsed laser fragmentation in liquids (PLFL) [9][10]. This relatively new fabrication method has advantages because a microcrystalline sample powder

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with ultrasound (US) stimulation is an emerging therapeutic approach. While polymers such as PVDF require electrical poling and often exhibit lower piezoelectric activity, inorganic materials inherently possess stronger piezoelectric properties and greater mechanical stability

• osteoblast cell activity, the HOb cell line (cell line no. 406-05a, European Collection of Cell Cultures, UK) was chosen due to its sensitivity to mechanical and electric stimuli. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, cellular uptake, scratch, and von Kossa staining assays (Abcam, UK) were

• ) colorimetric assay to determine the nontoxic concentration levels of both NMs and the impact of US exposure on viability. The oxidized form of the dye enters the cytosol when it is added to the cell culture, and it is converted to its reduced form by the mitochondrial enzyme activity of living cells [39

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• electroactivity. This combination is intended to result in enhanced ORR activity. The LbL-assembled films were electrically connected, thereby increasing the electrocatalytic current obtainable for ORR in aqueous environments with neutral pH. Furthermore, the selective incorporation and enrichment of oxygen

• within the MOF microporous matrix, which serves as an oxygen reservoir linked to the polymer electrocatalytic material, enhances the overall ORR activity. This exemplary work demonstrated the potential for a new method of fabricating MOF-based electrocatalytic surfaces. Further enhancements in

• gentamicin sulfate through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding in a mixture of gentamicin sulfate and Pluronic F127. The prepared material demonstrated sustained antibacterial activity and facilitated osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) differentiation, which is essential for bone formation. Moreover, the