Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, and solar cells. In this review article, we describe different methods of nanocolloidal synthesis using laser-assisted processes and corresponding thin film fabrication methods, particularly those utilized for device fabrication and characterization. The four

• specific applications will be crucial for realizing the full potential of laser-based techniques and addressing challenges in LAL such as low productivity, high energy consumption, and wide size distribution. Additionally, advancing in situ characterization methods, such as time-resolved shadowgraphy [26

• . This method is widely utilized for forming thin films primarily for characterization purposes such as XRD, AFM, and photoluminescence (PL). However, apart from factors like strain of the substrate or temperature, if any applied to the substrate, no significant control over the film formation is

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• , 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. During the irradiation process, the color of the solution gradually shifted from pale yellow to green and eventually to blue. Characterization The optical properties of the samples were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy (Jasco V-670) with a scanning range from 900 to 200

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• electrode. (c) EDS elemental characterization of the copper deposition in panel b (from top to down: copper, platinum, and carbon). (a) Selected differential potential voltammetry (DPV) curves for dopamine detection. (b) Peak current analysis after baseline subtraction for logarithmic fitting. (c

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• the formation of the Ag@PCTA membrane. Finally, the membrane was cleaned three times with ultrapure water and then placed in a vacuum drying oven for further use. Characterization of antibacterial performance by disk diffusion method The modified CTA membrane and unmodified membrane were each cut into

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• [109]. The synthesis and characterization of liposomes are crucial steps to ensure their efficacy and safety as drug delivery systems [110]. 3.1 Design and engineering of liposomes Numerous liposome preparation methods affect their properties, including size, layer structure, and encapsulation

• ][120]. 3.2 Characterization of liposomes Characterization of liposomes is important to ensure their quality and performance as drug delivery systems. Several techniques are commonly used to analyze the properties of liposomes, including size, lamellarity, surface charge, and EE [110][121]. Dynamic

• . Other characterization techniques include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study membrane fluidity and phase transitions, fluorescence spectroscopy for investigating drug–liposome interactions, and capillary electrophoresis to analyze liposome–drug interactions and drug release [110][121

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• performed SEM characterization. V.P. performed the in situ optical imaging, developed the protocols of data treatment and analyzed the experimental data. This work is partially based on Vladimir Pimonov’s doctoral thesis (“Growth kinetics of individual carbon nanotubes studied by in situ optical microscopy

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• voltage of 10 kV. In this procedure, a steel plate served as the cathode and was submerged in the oxalic acid solution, while the steel sample acted as the anode and was also immersed in the solution. Etching was carried out for 80 s to unveil the microstructure. Characterization and measurements High

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• sizes, indicating an improved crystalline quality. BiVO4(326) exhibited the largest average crystallite size (≈40 nm), consistent with the enhanced PEC performance and reduced lattice strain observed in the Raman analysis. Morphological characterization (FESEM) Field-emission scanning electron

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• , the non-hemolytic and cytotoxic activity of the nanoformulation was determined to assess its safety. The nanoemulsion loaded with Acrocomia aculeata fruit pulp oil was shown to have parameters suitable for its characterization, impressive anti-inflammatory activity, and a safe profile. Keywords

• ]. Physicochemical characterization of Acrocomia aculeata fruit pulp oil The physicochemical parameters of bocaiúva oil, such as acidity index, iodine index, and refractive index, were analyzed. The acidity index indicates the state of conservation of oils and fats and is related to the oxidation process. Our

• nitrogen for 24 h to obtain the solvent-free oil. Physicochemical characterization of Acrocomia aculeata oil Relative density and refractive index of Acrocomia aculeata oil (AAO) were evaluated according to the American Pharmacopoeia [58]. Iodine value, peroxide value, acid value, and saponification index

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• cast onto a mold and dried at 70 °C for 12 h. All concentrations were based on the mass of PVA. Characterization Physicochemical properties Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–500 cm−1 using a Bruker ALPHA II spectrometer (Germany) at a spectral

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• into the chitosan-based nanocomposite and suggest molecular interactions that may contribute to the enhanced stability and bioactivity of the formulation. To complement the physicochemical characterization and confirm the efficiency of rotenoid encapsulation within the nanoparticles, a calibration

• (CBB) of the State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), where they were raised at room temperature between 20 and 30 °C and fed with fish food. Production and characterization of nanocomposites Method of production of chitosan nanocomposites The nanocomposites for use as a vehicle of

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• . Following this, the FV mode was used to create maps, and indentations at higher force loads were also performed using the point-and-shoot tool. Atomic force microscopy measurements The surface analysis and mechanical characterization of living bacteria was performed with an AFM Multimode 8 from Bruker with

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• . Nanoparticle characterization is done by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), complemented by tempering and laser post

• characterization The elemental distribution on a single-particle level may still be different between NPs from ns- and ps-LAL. To this end, the formed HEA NPs were examined by STEM-EDX analysis. A homogeneous element distribution confirmed by EDX maps and representative EDX line scans is observed for both

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• . Results and Discussion In this study, 4× upscaled images were obtained from real measured low-resolution AFM images of Celgard® 2400 membrane and high-roughness titanium film used for tip characterization (Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively). 4× upscaling means upscaling both the x and y directions and

• described in [39]. Scans were made with a silicon tip on a silicon nitride cantilever (FASTSCANC, Bruker). The second set is composed of 25 pairs of low- and high-resolution images of a titanium film, which is used for AFM tip characterization (TipCheck, Aurora Nanodevices, BC, Canada). Images of 5 μm × 5

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• Professor Jarosław Domaradzki from Wrocław University of Science and Technology for their support in thin films manufacturing and their characterization and the valuable discussion and constructive feedback regarding the analysis and interpretation of the investigation results. Funding This work was co

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• characterization of nanoparticles Different concentrations of MPcs and PtOEP (0.020 wt % and 0.005 wt %) were prepared as aqueous suspensions in F-127 solutions (0, 0.1, and 5 wt %). The suspensions were sonicated for 20 min with an ultrasonic cleaner (ASU CLEANER, ASONE), then 2 mL of a suspension was placed in a

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• adsorption, the CsCl solution was removed with a water rinse for 5 min. Characterization The electronic structure of Cs-adsorbed SLGO was investigated by NEXAFS. The C and O K-edge NEXAFS measurements were carried out at the BL-8 station in the Ritsumeikan Synchrotron Radiation Center. The partial electron

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• evaluated. The synthesized hBNs and purchased BaTiO3 were used after their full characterization by imaging and spectroscopic techniques. The piezoelectric behavior of both NMs was evaluated using piezoresponse force microscopy (PRFM). During in vitro studies, the piezoelectricity of the NMs was stimulated

• uptake, ROS levels, noncytotoxic dosing, and migration capacity. Additionally, osteoblastic differentiation and calcium deposition, as markers of end-stage osteoblast differentiation, were evaluated. Materials and Methods Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal boron nitrides Hexagonal boron nitride

• –600 nm via a microplate reader (Tecan, Switzerland) to determine cell viability. Results and Discussion Characterization of hexagonal boron nitrides and BaTiO3 While hBNs were synthesized with a CVD method in house, BaTiO3 with an average size of 50 nm was purchased. Both were thoroughly characterized

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• using UV–vis spectroscopy. Supporting Information File 1, section S1 contains the details of the material characterization techniques. Results and Discussion Plant extract-mediated production of nanoparticles from noble metal precursors are well reported. In the present work, waste P. pinnata leaf

• activity, which can then optimize the capacitive response. Supporting Information File 1, section S1 contains the details of the electrochemical characterization techniques. Figure 5a depicts the CV plot of PG-CDs-AgNPs electrode at various scan rates (5–200 mV/s). It is evident through the PG-CDs-AgNPs CV

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• , the approach was also able to convert V2O5 to form VO2 and synthesize Fe2O3 from ferrocene. The structure and properties of the NC were examined through various characterization techniques. Lastly, the magnetic properties of Fe-containing ternary NCs were also evaluated for their possible biomedical

• . nitric acid (HNO3), and ethanol were obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd. Graphite powder was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Instrumentation and characterization techniques The “PANalytical, X’Pert-PRO MPD” instrument (Cu Kα line; λ = 1.5406 Å) was utilized to carry out the XRD analyses of rGO and

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• avoid, for example, any inhomogeneous ripple structures. The dwell time was always 200 ns. For growth rate characterization, Pt layers with a length of 20 μm and a width of 1 μm were deposited on silicon (Si). The ion beam currents were changed, while the pattern size was kept constant. With the Cs+ FIB

• characterization in terms of elemental composition and structure was done with a JEOL ARM 200F (S)TEM system equipped with an Oxford EDS detector. Results and Discussion Deposit surface First, to reveal possible surface modifications, Pt layers were deposited with Cs+ ions at 16, 8, 5, and 2 kV with a current

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• , and nanofluidic applications. The characterization of the pore morphology and size distribution, along with its dependence on the material properties and fabrication parameters, is crucial to designing nanopore systems for specific applications. Here, we present a comprehensive study of track-etched

• dioxide [29][40][30]. Amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) has excellent chemical stability, well-understood surface chemistry, and compatibility with semiconductor processing, opening up new applications for track-etched nanopores in this material [30]. In this study, we report the characterization of track

• with the estimates from scanning electron microscopy analysis. It is important to emphasize that SAXS analysis provides a statistically robust characterization of polydispersity, radius, and cone angle values by sampling over 106 nanopores – a population size unattainable through microscopy analysis. A