Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• by Li et al. discussed patent CN115671277 [94]. Nanoparticles Nanoparticles are materials with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 999 nm [95]. This technology possesses a high contact surface, a high concentration of surface-active centers, and low toxicity due to promoting a reduction in the

• glycolysis, reducing angiogenesis, and promoting the degradation of oncogenic proteins [162][163]. The invention proposes the use of carbon dots (CDs) loaded with BER as an API, with a sustained drug release that increases upon contact with the acidic conditions surrounding tumors. Both non-loaded CDs and

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• desiccator for 24 h. The images were obtained with a silicon tip, operating in the attractive region of a cantilever in non-contact mode. For the FEGSEM analyzes, a drop of dispersion was placed in a microscope slide with carbon tapes and dried under a desiccator for 24 h [46]. Protein-loading efficiency The

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• contact angle decreasing from 84.6° ± 1° to 64.2° ± 1.2°), work of adhesion, wetting energy, porosity, and pore dimensions. Among various loadings, the membrane with 0.5 wt % MIL-100 (Fe) (M0.5) showed the best overall performance. It delivered a pure water flux over ten times higher than M0 and achieved

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• tissues of the two species. Moreover, a decrease in cell wall thickness from the interface to the inner parts of the mistletoe was found [30]. The material and geometric structuring of the interface increase the contact area and enable a smooth transition between the different mechanical properties of the

• between PP and PPFG. The subsections were assumed to be bonded to one another through contact conditions. The bottom sides of the structure were considered as fixed (clamped) supports without any displacement and rotation, and the loading was applied as a ramped displacement from 0 to 5 mm at the top edge

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• of as-precipitated nanowires in air at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 from room temperature to 500 °C. The static water contact angles were measured using a goniometer (OCA 11, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, Germany) following the standard sessile drop method. The measurements were

• capability The contact angle measurements in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9 reveal distinct differences in surface wettability among the samples. The pristine carbon cloth shows a high contact angle of approximately 138.9°, indicating strong hydrophobicity (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9b

• ). Remarkably, the CC/NW-450 °C composite exhibits a contact angle of 0° (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9c), showing complete wettability. This significant enhancement in hydrophilicity is attributed to the high surface roughness and porous hydrophilic nanowire architecture formed on the carbon cloth

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• contact from a multilayer nanostructure” (methodology for modeling magnetic properties) and with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-72-30004) (research at ultra-low temperatures) and the project No. 020201 of the Moldova State Program “Nanostructures and advanced

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• adsorbents for both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The impact of contact time on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ ion adsorption efficiency was also investigated (Figure 3d). Each adsorbent showed increased adsorption efficiency for both the metal ions in the case of longer contact time ranging from 0 to 240 min. This behavior

• suggests that longer time is favorable for metal ions to be adsorbed onto the surface of dendrimerized CNTs. However, the adsorption efficiency reached a plateau after 120 min, implying an equilibrium between adsorption and desorption processes. Accordingly, 120 min was chosen as the optimal contact time

• of CNTs, CNTs-MA, CNTs-G0, CNTs-G1, CNTs-G2, CNTs-G3, and CNTs-G5; and (d) TGA curves of CNTs, CNTs-G0, CNTs-G1, CNTs-G2, CNTs-G3, and CNTs-G5. SEM images of (a) CNTs, (b) CNTs-G1, (c) CNTs-G3, and (d) CNTs-G5. Effect of (a, b) adsorbents dosage, (c) solution pH, and (d) contact time on the removal

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• was gradually increased to 20–75 µm to prevent contact between the growing nanowire and the counter electrode, which leads to a short circuit and damages the nanowire. Parylene-C coating The parylene-C coating system was a modified version of the setup from Gluschke and colleagues [33]. As shown in

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• , Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Lysinibacillus lparviboronicapiens and Burkholderia ambifaria after 24 h of contact of the membrane with the above bacteria. The modified membrane of Ag@PCTA demonstrates significant disinfection and sterilization effects on all tested strains

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ) was used as a positive control, whereas cells from the culture without the nanoemulsion served as a negative control. Different concentrations of the nanoemulsion (1.65, 3.30, 6.60, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were added to the cultured cells and kept in contact for 24 h. Assays were performed in

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• have emerged as promising alternatives for various medical purposes, including skin [7], nasal [4], and eye [8] applications. The evolution of ocular contact lenses, for example, has benefited from the development of hydrogels [9][10]. Hydrogels can be described as cross-linked polymeric networks

• -linking bonds that break when exposed to a lower pH range [214], resulting in the release of the drug at the target site. This pH-responsive behavior culminates in two favorable outcomes: decrease of side effects by reducing drug contact with healthy tissues, and potentiation of the therapeutic effect of

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• of 1 cm−1 and an accumulation of 35 scans per spectrum. A compressive force of 15 N was applied to the samples during measurement to ensure proper contact with the ATR crystal surface. Quantification of rotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography The quantification of rotenoids was performed

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions suggest a softening of the outer envelope, which we associate with intense dehydration and membrane separation between inner and outer envelopes. Application of a contact mechanics model to account for the minute differences in mechanical behavior upon deformation

• investigated sample [11][43][44]. The force–volume (FV) mode allows for mapping surface physical parameters of the analyzed sample via controlled nanoindentations on a pre-programmed grid on the sample surface [44][45][46][47]. In conventional scanning modes (e.g., contact and tapping) the changes in

• a NanoScope V controller operated in fluid conditions throughout all experiments, using a pre-assembled fluid chamber with the appropriate solutions within a sealed O-ring. The instrument was operated in contact mode using MLCT probes from Bruker, cantilever D with a nominal spring constant of 0.03

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• minutes are typically required for each scan. Second, AFM scans can contain inherent artifacts in the captured image due to the operating system settings or the sample and its interaction with the tip. In principle, tip–surface contact should be carefully controlled to avoid damage due to these

• transforming an image of 128 × 128 pixels to 512 × 512 pixels, amounting to 16 times the total number of pixels. We note here that for some modes, such as contact mode or intermittent contact mode, the data is collected continuously and there is no acquisition time price paid for increased pixels in the fast

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . Then the SLGO surface was dipped into a 1.0 mol/L CsCl solution with the same pH values. The solutions were kept at room temperature. Both pH adjustment and CsCl solutions were added dropwise on the SLGO surface. The volumes of the solutions and contact times were 1 µL and 5 min, respectively. After Cs

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• is advantageous in terms of functionality, as it enables the generation of multiple types of information simultaneously without the need for direct contact. When linearly polarized light is applied, the excitation of condensed molecules can be directional. The orientation of molecules can be induced

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• roll, they exhibited different surface layer structures: a smooth surface (marked as “in”) on the side in contact with the cooling roll and a rough surface (marked as “out”) on the opposite side. The flat films obtained had a thickness of approximately 350 μm and a width of about 100 mm. A reference

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• cases deals with continuous cycling of a large ensemble of particles, which in contact with a liquid medium involves cooperative phenomena, such as heat dissipation, evaporation, creation of shock waves, or reorganization of formed products like fragmented clusters to new objects by ripening. Therefore

• , it is important to understand and quantify such processes that may occur concomitantly and will affect each other. First, we develop a basic hypothesis of how laser irradiation with significant energy deposition into the system of interest (for example an aqueous colloid or solid surface in contact

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• , Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.73 Abstract Mitochondrial network dynamics play a key role in enabling cells to adapt to environmental changes. Fusion and fission of mitochondria, as well as their contact with other organelles, are central processes

• diabetes mellitus [20][21]. While the inner mitochondrial membrane and its cristae structure have been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about the outer mitochondrial membrane. The outer membrane, in direct contact with the cytosol and the other organelles, plays a crucial role in cellular

• topography is acquired. SICM is particularly well suited for biological applications, as it is a non-contact method with minimal interaction forces, preserving the native state of the sample [27]. To date, SICM investigations of mitochondria have been limited to subsarcolemmal mitochondria, specifically in

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• Bob Kyeyune Philipp Rahe Michael Reichling Institut für Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.72 Abstract We investigate the impact of tip changes on atomic-scale non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) contrast formation when imaging a

• . Keywords: atomic resolution imaging; calcium fluoride surface; interaction force; non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM); tip change; Introduction Non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) [1] is a surface science tool that has been used to atomically resolve surfaces of semiconductor and

• tip apex in slight contact with the surface under investigation to form a tip cluster yielding atomic contrast [18]. As structure and chemical composition of the resulting tip-terminating cluster are not known, the understanding of contrast formation with non-functionalized tips has been developed

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• average grain diameter grows from 1.9 to 5.8 nm when the beam energy increases from 2 to 16 kV. With larger grain diameters, the Pt-rich particles have larger surface areas in close contact. These larger surface areas help the current to flow more easily between the Pt deposits. Therefore, the deposit

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• -vacuum annealing at a temperature of about 1100 °C. To exclude the influence of impurities from the air, the annealed samples were examined in situ using XPS and NEXAFS without contact with the air. XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy investigations of heat-induced transformation of the surface of bare and Ni

• bare PCD film and that with a nickel coating (denoted Ni-PCD) were placed on the same holder and simultaneously annealed in the vacuum chamber of the RGL-PES end-station of BESSY at 1100 °C for 15 min. After annealing, PCD and Ni-PCD films were cooled to room temperature without contact with air and

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• structure without significant formation of Mo and Na2S [19]. The carbon coating improved the electrical contact between the MoS2 agglomerates, while the sandwich-like structure of MoS2-graphene facilitated the diffusion of sodium ions [20][21]. There are various possibilities to improve the properties of

• , after a total of 30 min of Na deposition, were annealed at 773 K for 30 min in UHV. After the annealing procedure, XPS spectra were recorded again. The samples after each step of Na deposition and annealing did not come into contact with air, their transfer between the analytical and preparation

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• Zn(OH)2 constituent). ZH nanoparticles and GO nanosheets in the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel are antibacterial and antibiofilm agents with low toxicity for food packaging and biomedical applications [56][57]. The main antibacterial mechanism of GO nanosheets is cell membrane damage caused by direct contact of

• nanoparticles. Regarding the antibacterial mechanism of the nanocomposite coating, direct contact of bacterial cells with sharp nanostructures of the coating is the cause of membrane damage and cell inactivation. Zn2+ cations released from ZH nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species generated by ZH