Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• frameworks (MOFs) are a complex and relatively new category of highly porous nanomaterials that have gained attention over the past two decades, showing broad potential in wastewater treatment. These crystalline materials are formed through coordination bonds that connect clusters or metal ions with

• multidentate or bidentate organic ligands. Sometimes MOFs are referred to as porous coordination polymers. MOFs are created by combining clusters or metallic ions with inorganic or organic ligands. The metallic component consists of metal ions or clusters with organic or inorganic ligands like sulfonate

• , phosphonate, carboxylates, and heterocyclic compounds [114]. MOFs possess a combination of properties including as low density, large porous structure, and high adsorption capacity, which makes them suitable for wastewater treatment [115]. In addition, the strong coordination bonding within their framework

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• for further adsorption studies. The removal of metal ions (Pb2+ and Cd2+) by dendrimer-functionalized CNTs is primarily governed by physical interactions. However, the nitrogen-rich surface of the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers offers multiple coordination sites, which might facilitate the

• accompanied by weak electrostatic or coordination interactions with dendrimer surface groups. Isotherm studies can provide important information about the metal ion adsorption process. Therefore, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models have been applied (Supporting Information File 1, Equations S4 and S5

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• in mind, we propose that the binding mode observed in the control sample involves only PPA bound directly to the IONP surface through Fe–amine coordination (Fe-PPA), and this configuration does not allow for sufficient coverage to promote extensive H-aggregate formation on the IONP surface. In the

• candidate for this binding mode is, thus, coordination of the amine with surface Fe. EDC coupling attempts with primary amine dyes The necessity to perform indirect methods of determining the binding of PPA makes interpretation of the EDC/NHS coupling results complicated. In an attempt to observe direct

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• provide compelling evidence for the successful surface modification of CTA with PDA and the subsequent immobilization of Ag on the PCTA surface via coordination bonds. In order to clarify the valence state of Ag, XPS was employed to provide detailed information about the elemental composition and chemical

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• . Technologies that facilitate the conversion of these materials, not limited to typical soft materials, into more advanced assemblies include self-assembly via supramolecular chemistry [60][61][62][63][64], the creation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through coordination chemistry [65][66][67][68][69], and

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• first 2 ps after laser excitation, with the corresponding ΔPDF result presented in Figure 5D–F. After laser excitation, ΔPDF clearly shows pair density reductions at radial distances corresponding to O···H hydrogen bond and the first three O···O coordination shells of neutral water. For better

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• /2 envelopes very slightly differ between the samples, which suggests that the dissolution procedure does not change the ionic state of the iron. However, it could only have influence on chemical bonding or coordination of Fe ions [90][91]. For both samples, peaks I and II are characteristic of the

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• the TC structure undergo protonation before ionic bonding with Ca2+ in the PGC matrix. Among the four ionizable functional groups in TC, the primary site remains predominantly protonated (86%) at pH 6.8 [26][28][29]. However, Ca2+ coordination at this site is expected to shift the ionization

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• framework and the CO2 adsorbate. A third strategy for obtaining high CO2 adsorption selectivity is to prepare MOFs from metal ion nodes that are uncoordinated, thus having accessible coordination vacancies known as open metal sites (OMSs). This strategy, illustrated in Figure 2c, is a prominent method for

• functional theory (DFT) calculations and supported by neutron powder diffraction experiments and infrared spectroscopy [52][63][64][65]. It is agreed in literature that CO2 molecules bind to Mg2+ sites with end-on coordination, forming an angular Mg2+·OCO complex, with the rotation angle θ depending on the

• chemical states [148]. In MOF-based MMMs, XPS can help elucidate unique chemical coordination within the membrane [143]. Physical properties such as the surface area and pore size distribution are commonly determined through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis [121][124][125][129][130][131], where the

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• intensity of the diffraction peak at 29.6° (2θ) decreased with the addition of the niobium compounds. This decrease can be attributed to the intercalation of the niobium in the interlayer of the clay, which increases the layer distance and the ion coordination of the interlayer to produce the

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• hydrolysis of M(OR)4 (M = metal), unlike the hydrolysis of Si(OR)4, is an extremely fast process. Thus, the basic concepts that were developed specifically for Si(OR)4 cannot be applied to the hydrolysis of any arbitrary metal alkoxides. The higher coordination number of metals in their alcoholic and hydroxy

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• immunotoxicity assessment using cell lines and primary cellular models, to (v) the use of the instance map approach for the coordination of materials and data flows in complex multipartner collaborative projects and for the demonstration of case studies. Finally, areas for future development of the instance map

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• Regional Coordination of Environmental Prosecutor's Offices of the Paranaíba and Lower Grande River Watersheds) for constant support. Conflict of Interest There are no conflicts to declare.

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ), dissociative ionization (DI), neutral dissociation (ND), and dipolar dissociation (DD) [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. One of the most important factors that govern deposit purity is the identity of ligands present in the precursor. The coordination sphere of ligands is addressed by precursor design [5

• coordination complex compared to the stronger ionic interaction between Pt(II) and the halide ligands. The increasing Pt and halogen fractions in the films as functions of ion irradiation, as seen in Figure 5, are a consequence of the reaction described in Equation 1. During the CO loss process, the C 1s peak

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• [45][46]. In the absence of TA, the modulation of the C=0 stretching vibration intensity may indicate coordination of the divalent metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in EPA medium [47]. The intensity ratio between ID and IG bands in Raman spectroscopy analysis ranges from 0.94 ± 0.01, for the GO sample

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• clinical trials. Both passive and active targeting systems are included. Funding This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) under Grant 23/01909-4, the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under Grant 312891/2020-2, and the Brazilian Coordination

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• protein to obtain the docking score, number of established hydrogen bonds, and the protein residues interacting with the ligands in a coordination sphere of 3 Å. The results obtained with Autodock Vina [47][68] for training–testing and validation sets are shown in Table 2. The docking scores ranged from

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• their energy interactions. The morphological changes in the NPs are measured using both atomic parameters, such as the coordination number and the Berry parameter, and cluster parameters, such as the X-ray powder diffraction pattern and the asphericity parameter. Furthermore, we extract qualitative

• signifies the occurrence of a phase transition in a cluster of atoms. Additional atomic parameters are the average potential energy, force, and coordination number per atom. These quantities have also been employed as descriptors in nano-QSAR models to successfully predict the toxicity of NPs [73][74][75

• ]. The average force per atom, f, is computed as where Fk is the k-th Cartesian component of the force vector F. The coordination number of an atom is defined as the number of its neighbouring atoms that lay within a given distance. For the Au (Pt) atoms, a distance of 0.32 (0.30) nm is used

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• coordination numbers [24]. Alternatively, Kotzabasaki et al. also codified the composition of iron oxide nanoparticles with a single categorical descriptor that encodes the crystal structure of the main component (in this case as maghemite or magnetite) [25]. Alternatively, some descriptors are focused on the

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• (FEBID); FEBID precursor; iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate; Introduction In recent years, a wave of interest in the electron-induced loss of ligands from organometallic and coordination compounds appeared, which has been motivated by the need to understand focused electron beam-induced deposition

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• (chitosan–silicone hybrid) fibers were made with zinc additives. They found that the scaffold had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtillis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains [71]. Colinas et al. examined Zn-based coordination polymers in broth dilution and agar diffusion tests, and

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• create a burrow. It expands some segments of its body to anchor itself, while elongating other segments to push through the soil [68]. This kind of motion is called peristaltic motion since the coordination of expansion and elongation of segments resembles a wave traveling through the worm’s body. It is

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• around 176 kJ/mol required to dissociate the first CO from Fe(CO)5 [61]. We propose that the energy required for loss of a CO ligand from Fe(CO)4MA is counterbalanced by MA changing its coordination mode when CO is expelled. This change of coordination is also seen from the close distance of the carbonyl

• oxygen of MA to the Fe center in the Fe(CO)3MA product (see Figure 9, bottom). Thereby, the MA ligand becomes more tightly bound. A related change in the coordination mode of MA from η2 to η4 has been previously reported to occur upon photochemical CO loss from Fe(CO)4MA [62][63]. While a more extensive

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• is not subject to CC BY 4.0 license. Funding This work was supported by the Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit (YTÜ-BAP, Project number: FDK-2021-4609). Zeynep (Kaya) Özcan received financial support from 100/2000 The Council of Higher Education (Yök) Doctorate

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• hybridised with ligand Sn 5s states, while the three consecutive peaks at approximately 536.3, 537.7, and 539.6 eV correspond to states hybridised with Sn 5p states [37][38]. In the SnO2 rutile structure, the latter states are non-degenerate because of non-equidistant ligands for the axes of the coordination