Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• ZnO. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed that increasing the Ag NP concentration in hybrid metal–ZnO nanocomposites resulted in an increase of non-radiative transitions and a decrease of the radiative emission of ZnO, indicating the energy transfer from ZnO excitons to the Ag NPs plasmons

• fluorescent molecules are essential. The values of quantum yield and lifetime could be influenced by non-radiative decay rates, which result from changes in the environment of the fluorophores, fluorescence quenching, or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) [112][116]. Engineered ZnO nanosubstrates

• first mechanism believed to be responsible for fluorescence enhancement is based on reducing the resonance energy transfer between fluorophores, which will prevent self-quenching. ZnO NRs have the ability to guide light [119] in and out of fluorophores and along nanorods and the ability to enhance the

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• to the AuNP surfaces is possible. Such a plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer is likely if a spectral overlap between the plasmon resonance and a molecular resonance, ideally of shorter wavelength, exists [41]. The transferred energy leads to the excitation of the redox center of the Ru(MPTP)2

• current depends on this equilibrium. The difference between the current under light illumination and the dark current, ΔIL_D, corresponds to the current enabled by plasmon-induced energy transfer to the Ru(MPTP)2-complexes and charge separation in an electrical field. This finding is in analogy to the

• conductance mechanism based on sequential tunneling leading to a higher current, (II) the optical antennae effect of AuNPs, which allows for an energy transfer to the functional molecules, and (III) the ease and versatility of adopting the properties of the constituting elements according to the requirements

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• , the lubricant molecules are subject to the canonical ensemble (NVT) implemented by the Nosé–Hoover thermostat [61][62] at T = 400 K (such that all lubricants are in liquid phase) and the gears are subject to the microcanonical ensemble (NVE) in order to explicitly monitor the energy transfer during

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• point within the system per primary electron. The electronic collisions with precursor molecules lead to their electronic excitation followed by the fragmentation and energy transfer to the recoil fragments. In the following subsections these processes are discussed in detail. PE, SE, and BSE

• in the tabulated form for a 20 nm × 20 nm grid covering the simulation box (see Figure 3B) is used as input for the simulations of the irradiation phase of the FEBID process (see step 4). Energy transfer to the medium A projectile electron interacting with the precursor molecule transfers some amount

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• that the nanofibers were assembled into sea-urchin-like microspheres. Fmoc-ʟ-Lys nanofibers act as templates to regulate the self-assembly of pigments. Sea-urchin-like structures facilitate light collection due to enhanced absorption cross sections and exciton energy transfer. In addition, Liu et al

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• induces sample alterations and material behavior changes due to doping [22]. Not all nuclear interactions lead to sputtering. If the sample atom cannot be removed from the sample because of insufficient energy transfer or because the sample atom cannot exit the sample due to its sub-surface position

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• minimizes additional effects related to SERS enhancement due to energy transfer to the support, which might occur when conductive or semi-conductive materials are used [31]. The immobilization of Ag NPs from sodium citrate solution was possible due to the poor adsorption of citrate ions on the Ag surface

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• device with embedded magnetic materials. The locomotion of MMRs is actuated and controlled through the principles of magnetism regarding energy transfer and the magnetoelectric effect. Magnetic materials have been widely used in the field of MNRs to control and drive the movement of robots, target the

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• including the gap. Apart from that, we find relatively high step edges of ca. 1 µm and above, which we attribute to ordinary or trailing edges of osteoblastic cells (Figure 9a). An elegant method to measure the cell–surface gap at confocal resolution is metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) where the

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• energy transfer [6]. Here, CT is in our focus since energy transfer, although additionally present, varies less abruptly on the scale of single layers [7]. A simple energy diagram of the CT process of a fluorescent molecule across interfaces is depicted in Figure 1. As an example, we use the sample

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• nanomaterial can be activated by a synergistic mechanism of energy transfer of the absorbed light from Ce6 to FLG. The novel FLG-Ce6 hybrid nanomaterial in combination with the red LED light irradiation can be used in the development of a wide range of antinosocomial devices and coatings. Keywords: chlorin e6

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ]. Luminescence can also be achieved via intramolecular energy transfer between an organic ligand and lanthanide metal ions through chelation [11]. Large Stokes shift, high quantum yield and long fluorescence lifetime make lanthanide complexes excellent candidates in imaging applications [12][13]. The lanthanide

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• synthesis of 2D and 3D hybrid perovskite phases. The energy transfer mechanisms are influenced by the length of the molecular spacer moiety, which determines the distance between the π system and the semiconductor surfaces. We find huge differences in the photoswitching behaviour between the free, surface

• -coordinated and integrated ligands between the perovskite layers. Photoswitching of azobenzene ligands incorporated in 2D phases is nearly quenched, while the same mechanism for surface-coordinating ligands is greatly improved, compared to the free ligands. The improvement originates from an energy transfer

• ]. In 1997, Era et al. first presented a chromophore-containing organic–inorganic perovskite [21]. They observed an enhanced phosphorescence of the included naphthalene [22], which was explained by an efficient energy transfer from Wannier excitons from the semiconducting perovskite layer to the triplet

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• explained by the smoothing effect, which is also observed at grazing incidence angles, when the cluster ion beam can effectively remove all surface irregularities [20]. Besides, at grazing incidence angles, due to a small transverse velocity the energy transfer from GCIB to the surface is reduced, which in

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• capable of quenching fluorescence through Förster resonance energy transfer. By involving an isothermal circular amplification reaction of polymerase and NEase, the group of Chen [121] used gold nanoparticles to either quench or enhance the electrochemiluminescence of CdS films through the modulation of

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• therapy is a technique already used in ophthalmology or oncology. It is based on the local production of reactive oxygen species through an energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer to oxygen present in the biological tissue. This review first presents an update, mainly covering the last five years

• ]. Among them self-quenching and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching are the most frequently used in self-assembled nanocarriers. An alternative possibility to avoid quenching is to mix the photosensitizer-conjugated polymer with a polymer without photosensitizers [82]. Interestingly, the

• , because of the photothermal effect, the shell shrinks thus bringing the photosensitizer closer to the core allowing for fluorescence resonance energy transfer and singlet oxygen production. In other proposed polymers, fluorescence quenching is not discussed, but in vitro studies prove the higher

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• tiles were separated by a helical turn, which triggered the switchable motion of the device through B-to-Z-form transition, and the relative changes in position and transformation were monitored by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. Zhao and co-workers reported the design and

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• nanochains of TbIII on the mica substrate are preserved [28], i.e., an efficient ligand-to-terbium energy transfer [29] is observed in the excitation spectra with a maximum of the excitation observed for the 1π→1π*/3π* absorption transitions coming from the ligand at around 339 nm in the solid state, at 343

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• ) light) and emit photons of higher energy (e.g., visible light) via a two- or multiphoton upconversion mechanism involving several energy transfer steps [2][3][4][5]. Advantages of UCNPs compared to organic dyes or other inorganic nanoscale reporters are the emission of a multitude of characteristic

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• mechanically controlled indicator displacement assay for aqueous glucose detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer was also reported [180]. The mechanisms of molecular recognition and sensing are roughly summarized in Figure 9. The most basic mechanism (Figure 9) is considered to form the most

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• changes of the molecular machines, for instance, to capture and release guest molecules [167][168], to rotate of molecular rotors [169][170], to open and close molecular pliers [171][172], or in indicator displacement assays of glucose based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer [173]. Subtle

• drop-casting, the long axis of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) molecules is arranged perpendicularly to the substrate. Intra-fiber energy transfer efficiently occurs in the entangled nanofibers. Long-range excitation energy transfers are advantageous for excitation energy transfer. In contrast, the oligo(p

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• surface of the UCNPs could chemically recognize the TNT molecules efficiently and form a Meisenheimer complex which has a strong absorption within the emission spectrum of the UCNPs. Due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the excited UCNPs to the complex, the luminescence intensity of the

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• is defined as φ = VMNPs/(VMNPs + VFF) where VMNPs is the total volume of the MNPs and VFF is the total volume of the ferrofluid. In turn, qp, which quantifies the energy transfer from the magnetic AC field to the ferrofluid (or specific tissue loaded by MNPs), is related to the specific absorption