Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• 2 h. Finally, the BiVO4 electrode was rinsed with 1 M NaOH to remove excess V2O5 from the surface, followed by rinsing with distilled water and drying at room temperature. The photoanode BiVO4 was named BiVO4(xy), where x indicates the current intensity for BiOI deposition, and y denotes the

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• tube, and dried under a stream of nitrogen for 24 h. Then, 3 mL of a 2% methanolic NaOH solution was added to the tube. The tube was hermetically sealed and heated at 85 °C for 3 min. After cooling to room temperature, 2 mL of a BF3/methanol solution was added. The tube was resealed and heated for 25

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• diffraction (XRD) was performed using an Aeris Minerals Edition from PANalytical (UK) with Co radiation at 40 kV. Biopackaging samples were clipped on a 16 mm holder and the measurement was performed using a 1/8° diffraction slit. Mechanical strength was determined at room temperature using a Testometric X350

• testing machine (UK) following the ASTM D882 standard. Testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 50 mm·min−1 using a 1 N load cell on 1 cm × 7 cm specimens at room temperature. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured using a modified ASTM E96/E96M-16 method. 90 mm diameter biopackaging samples

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• hydrogel films, drying for four days at room temperature and storage in a desiccator is required [94]. In the method described by Gao et al. (2018), PVA 15% w/v is added into water and stirred at 95 °C until complete dissolution [55]. The freeze/thaw cycle was carried out at −20 °C and room temperature and

• of Ca(OH)2 (pH 10.2), CaCl2 (pH 7.2), or CaCO3 (pH 8.1) for three days at room temperature, followed by washing with water and drying at 60 °C [140]. In recent years, ultrasmall nanogels have emerged as an innovative drug delivery system, mainly due to their ability to deeply penetrate biological

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• (CBB) of the State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), where they were raised at room temperature between 20 and 30 °C and fed with fish food. Production and characterization of nanocomposites Method of production of chitosan nanocomposites The nanocomposites for use as a vehicle of

• [19], with adaptations in order to include the rotenoid. In the common ionic gelation method, a 0.175% (w/v) chitosan solution was prepared in 20 mL of 1% (v/v) acetic acid, containing 1 mg/mL of rotenoids. The mixture was maintained under constant agitation at 300 rpm, at room temperature, overnight

• . Subsequently, 15 mL of a 5 mM sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) solution was prepared. The chitosan solution was then added dropwise to the TPP solution, while the mixture was continuously agitated on a magnetic stirrer at 1000 rpm, overnight, at room temperature. The resulting solution was centrifuged at 10,000g

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• adsorption energy ranges from −0.389 to −0.657 eV, indicating weak physisorption. The Mulliken charge transfer varies between 0.06e and 0.109e, confirming effective but nondestructive interaction. A favorable recovery time of ≈3.533 μs at room temperature, along with a significant red shift in the absorption

• humidity sensing performance compared to that of ZnO/ZnS nanorod arrays and ZnO nanorod arrays, with enhanced response, faster recovery, good linearity, and reliable reproducibility across a wide range of relative humidity conditions at room temperature. Giri et al. [48] demonstrated that phase-selective

• , a high recovery time of 3.5 μs at room temperature supported by the weak van-der-Waals-based physisorption phenomenon and significant red shift in the absorption coefficient and optical conductivity peaks. The results underscore the potential of ZnS NT as a sensor material for CP and the suitability

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• and can even happen at room temperature. However, this is unlikely to be the driving factor as this may not explain the differences in the nanoparticle structure caused by ps- or ns-LAL which create particles of similar size. Also note that the estimated durations of TL refer to simulations on silver

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• -grown TiO2 films at room temperature, which is consistent with values reported in other studies [50][51]. However, it should be noted that the films in [49][50][51] were deposited using radio-frequency reactive and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. These results indicate that the value of optical bandgap

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . Then the SLGO surface was dipped into a 1.0 mol/L CsCl solution with the same pH values. The solutions were kept at room temperature. Both pH adjustment and CsCl solutions were added dropwise on the SLGO surface. The volumes of the solutions and contact times were 1 µL and 5 min, respectively. After Cs

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• SiC surface and stored at room temperature. The synthesized hBN and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were characterized using several analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL ARM 200 CF, 200 keV) was employed to examine morphology and particle size by

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• colleagues have reported the rapid and reversible microactuation of liquid crystals based on the surface catalysis of H₂ and O₂ at room temperature on a late transition metal alloy film (Figure 7) [242]. The reaction of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, catalyzed by a Pd/Au surface, is employed to rapidly and

• reversibly alter the orientation of liquid crystals at room temperature. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the palladium/gold film results in the reduction of pre-adsorbed oxygen and the generation of adsorbed hydrogen. This process causes the nitrile-containing liquid crystal to undergo a change in

• ]. They make effective use of intercalation into the nanospaces formed in thin polymer films (Figure 17). Molecular redox reactions that are precisely controlled at room temperature are employed in biochemical processes, including proton coupling electron transfer reactions. For instance, two-electron

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• commercially available butylamine with 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride 2a in acetonitrile at room temperature gave compound 2b. Subsequently, nitrosation with sodium nitrite under acid conditions yielded the nitroso derivative 2. All operations were carried out under a low-intensity level of visible light

• room temperature for at least 48 h, as evidenced by the unaltered values of the hydrodynamic diameter and the unchanged absorption and emission features over this time window. Cytotoxicity and cell targeting properties of 1 The effects of the nanoassembly of 1 on cell viability were evaluated on

• , and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure at 35 °C. The resulting film was rehydrated with an aqueous solution of 1 (50 μM) by stirring overnight at room temperature. The final solution was left to equilibrate and filtered. Encapsulation efficiency (EE %) was calculated using the formula

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• ). Immobilisation protocol of metabolically active mitochondria and reference structures Mitochondria suspended in Krebs–Ringer medium in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube were thawed at room temperature, if necessary. The tube was filled with Krebs–Ringer medium (approx. 1.4 mL), mixed, and 200 μL of the suspension was

• added to the bioinert cover slip of a “35 mm imaging dish with a polymer coverslip bottom and low walls” (Cat. No.: 80136, ibidi). After an incubation time of 10 min at room temperature to allow the mitochondria to settle on the coverslip, the excess medium was carefully removed. The imaging dish was

• (1:10 for 3 μm microspheres, 1:100 for 1 μm microspheres) was transferred to the imaging dish and left to dry, allowing the ethanol to evaporate. As immobilisation was insufficient, the samples were exposed to acetone vapour for 30 min at room temperature in air. The 3 μm polystyrene microspheres

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• structure elucidation and identification of surface sites. However, this approach is presently not feasible for measurements performed at room temperature as the required control over the tip termination is challenged by thermal motion. For room-temperature measurements, it is common practice to bring the

• foremost tip atom may rearrange to minimize the tip surface energy in response to increasing tip–sample interaction forces. Here, we perform an experimental investigation of tip changes during NC-AFM imaging of a CaF2(111) surface with non-functionalized tips at both room temperature (RT) and low

• present NC-AFM data demonstrating tip changes on a bulk CaF2(111) surface at room temperature and on a CaF2/CaF/Si(111) thin film surface at 77 K. We demonstrate the effect of tip changes on the contrast formation and find, as a key result, routes for a discrimination between polarity-preserving tip

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• -CDs-AgNPs) The method for synthesizing AgNPs employing PG-CDs as both the reducing and stabilizing agents is as follows. PG-CDs-AgNPs were synthesized by adding the PG-CDs solution to 1 mM AgNO3 in 1:10 V/V ratio in 100 mL of distilled water. The reaction was kept at room temperature undisturbed. The

• filtered by a Whatman filter paper and the extract was collected and placed on a magnetic stirrer with a sand bath maintained at 120 °C for 24 h. The color of the solution changed from orange to brown confirming the reaction progresses. After that, it was left alone until the reaction solution reached room

• temperature. Centrifugation was conducted for 5 min at 3000 rpm, followed by syringe filtration (0.22 µM) to discard larger agglomerated particles. Finally, the clear brown solution of PG-CDs was then kept in a refrigerator for additional experiments. Synthesis of carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles (PG

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• conducted inside the MW oven at room temperature. Furthermore, most of the reported works are based on synthesizing Fe2O3 from Fe-based aqueous salt in liquid phases. In contrast, the current work demonstrates the formation of Fe2O3 from a Fe-based organometallic compound, ferrocene. Herein, the graphite

• of metal oxide on the rGO surface, which agrees with the previous SEM, XRD, and XPS analysis. The magnetic properties of the GVF investigated at room temperature under an applied magnetic field ranging from −6000 Oe to 6000 Oe is shown in Figure 9. Herein, the saturation magnetization (Ms) value for

• , including XRD, Raman, and XPS analyses. The morphological study revealed the deposition of α-Fe2O3 NPs and VO2 nanorods on the rGO surface. Owing to the presence of magnetic components, the ternary NC displayed good magnetic characteristics at room temperature to showcase its potentiality in advanced

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• , Australian National University). The irradiation fluences ranged from 1 × 108 to 5 × 108 ions·cm−2, ensuring minimal overlap between ion tracks and resulting nanopores [13][54][55]. To convert the ion tracks into nanopores, the samples were etched at room temperature in 3% hydrofluoric acid for varying

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• producing hybrid materials which combine these two forms of carbon [1][2][3]. In particular, such graphene-on-diamond heterostructures have been shown to be attractive for power electronics [4][5], microelectronic devices [6][7], and detectors [7][8]. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, carbon in

• bare PCD film and that with a nickel coating (denoted Ni-PCD) were placed on the same holder and simultaneously annealed in the vacuum chamber of the RGL-PES end-station of BESSY at 1100 °C for 15 min. After annealing, PCD and Ni-PCD films were cooled to room temperature without contact with air and

• PCD. Next, we annealed it and conducted angle-dependent TEY NEXAFS measurements at the C K-edge. Figure 6 compares the C K-edge spectra of the bare polished (110) face of SCD (Figure 6a) and the Ni-coated (110) face of SCD (Figure 6b) after annealing and subsequent cooling to room temperature. The

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• the chamber has stabilized, the sputtering power is set to a value of 80 W. The sputtering is performed at a pressure of 1.8 × 10−5 Torr at room temperature with a deposition rate of 0.4–0.5 Å·s−1. A spectroscopic ellipsometer is used to calculate the thickness of the pristine ZnO films. An

• crystalline structure is studied using a Bruker AXS D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer operating in grazing incidence geometry using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The scans are obtained at an incidence angle of 0.5°. The Raman spectra of ZnO films before and after implantation are recorded at room temperature

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• reactor zone heated to 473 K. A flow of 24 sccm argon was passed through both reactor zones for 30 min at atmospheric pressure. After this time, sulfurization of the Mo layer was complete. Both zones were cooled to room temperature in a flow of 250 sccm argon. To remove polysulfide impurities and form a

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• temperature ranges, such as room-temperature cooling and cryogenic systems [3][4]. The magnetic transition also plays a critical role in the development of temperature-sensitive magnetic sensors and actuators [5][6]. These devices harness the abrupt change in magnetic properties at Tc to detect temperature

• information, indicating the coexistence of BCC and FCC phases. This differs from the work by Law et al. [25] where the alloy synthesized by arc melting resulted in a single-phase HCP structure at room temperature. The BCC phase, predominant in the current work, may not appear in alloys processed by arc

• orthorhombic at room temperature. Additionally, the FCC crystal structure observed in the bulk Ge-based CCA target is not observed. For the Al-based CCA NPs, the diffractogram reveals numerous bright spots corresponding to an orthorhombic NiSi-type crystal structure with lattice parameters a = 0.36062 nm, b

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• cooling water bath and an infrared thermometer were used for controlling the reactor temperature below 55 °C (the peak of the reactor temperature is about 50 °C). After agitation in room-temperature conditions for 4 h, the graphite/Mn(VII)/H2SO4 suspension was slowly poured into 360 mL of water (the

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• parallel to one another and immersed in 12.5 mL FeS2 nanocolloid (FIPA) kept at room temperature during EPD. A potential difference of 400 V (constant voltage, with current of approximately 2 mA) was applied after optimization of EPD conditions. The deposition was carried out for 1 h. The positive

• of nitrogen flow prevented the samples from oxidizing or being contaminated during sulfurization. The heated samples were gradually cooled down to room temperature. Throughout the experiment, the flow of nitrogen gas was kept steady. The optimal conditions were determined through trials using varying

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• Cl and Cr core levels at room temperature (RT). By monitoring the core levels and valence band spectra at various spatial resolutions (≥0.13 μm), we obtained quantitative maps of the chemical composition to correlate these maps with the thicknesses measured by AFM. Additionally, we investigated the

• tip about 50–150 nm to measure the surface potential and avoid the influence of morphological features. The applied voltage was varied from 0.2 to 1 V without significant changes in the measured surface potential value. All micrographs were recorded at room temperature. (a) Optical contrast and (b