Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• effectively and precisely break down and neutralize antibiotic compounds with high efficiency and selectivity by utilizing a complex interaction between radical reactive oxygen species and non-radical equivalents under light irradiation. Although photocatalysts have certain drawbacks, such as a limited

• AOPs facilitate antibiotic degradation without extra chemical oxidants and with minimal harmful byproducts, promoting environmental sustainability [27]. Moreover, they exhibit high selectivity towards antibiotics while preserving water quality. Compared to other photocatalysts material, semiconductor

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• ) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis. Keywords: catalysis; laser ablation

• , changing the polarity of the non-polar solvent phase for the laser ablation of copper. Iron and copper stand in the middle of the investigated standard electrochemical reduction potential metal series and show quite interesting phase selectivity behavior. Moreover, cupreous nanoparticles are relevant for

• both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis [49][50][51]; hence, we investigated their phase selectivity in more detail. The accumulated Cu or Fe concentration in both phases was quantified and the TMSs were cycled through mono- and biphasic states repetitively to investigate the stability of the

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• side effects related to these therapies. Actually, both aspects depend on the development of new drugs and/or drug carriers that can improve the selectivity of these anticancer agents to reach their specific targets inside tumor cells [3][4][5]. Although commonly used in a number of technological

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• , Aarhus University, Aabogade 40, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark 10.3762/bjnano.16.14 Abstract Polymeric membranes offer an appealing solution for sustainable CO2 capture, with potential for large-scale deployment. However, balancing high permeability and selectivity is an inherent challenge for pristine

• membranes. To address this challenge, the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is a promising strategy. MMMs are obtained by carefully integrating porous nano-fillers into polymeric matrices, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of selectivity and permeability. In particular, metal-organic

• operation [5]. However, a significant drawback of membrane separation is the inherent trade-off between permeability (pressure-normalized flux) and selectivity (αA/B) for gases A and B, as described by the relationship in Equation 1 [5][12][13][14]. where PA is the steady-state permeability of the more

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• cereus (ATCC 10876) and Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 35649). The analysis revealed remarkable antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, suggesting a preferential selectivity for Gram-negative bacteria. Keywords: adsorption; bentonite; hybrid pigment; niobium; photocatalysis; water remediation

• mechanism of action remains unclear. The BEPh, BEOx, A-BEPh, A-BEOx, A-BEPhP, and A-BEOxP samples did not exhibit minimum inhibitory activity against the other studied bacterial strain Bacillus cereus. These results highlight the selectivity of the studied samples (A-BEPh, A-BEPhP, A-BEOx, and A-BEOxP) in

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• nanoparticles, sodium Linde A Type (LTA) zeolite, also known as NaA zeolite, stands out for its remarkable capacity and selectivity to capture various types of metals commonly found as contaminants in drinking water. These metals include Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cs, and Sr [42][43][44][45][46

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• (Figure 1-2C), which mask the nanocarriers and enhance biological activity (Figure 1-2D) [20]. This mimetic surface helps the device to mask epitopes potentially recognized by the immune system, thereby enhancing their biocompatibility. Additionally, the selectivity for targets and the circulation time of

• employed in treating other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Current medications for Alzheimer's face the challenge of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which includes the blood–brain, cerebrospinal fluid–brain, and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. These barriers exhibit high selectivity in drug

• nonpermissive characteristics at the barrier [69]. Polymeric nanoparticles, as well as those based on lipids and inorganic materials, are extensively studied for Alzheimer's disease treatment due to their tissue selectivity, potential circulation time, encapsulation capacity, and, importantly, their ability to

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• effectiveness by increasing the selectivity of action and reducing risks through lower dosages. Such approaches appear very promising, but it is essential to consider the risks of nanotoxicology, that is, possible undesirable side effects of nanoparticles. Combining phytopreparations with biocompatible

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• conductivity, and potent catalytic activity, make them ideal candidates for environmental monitoring and remediation [3]. Modifying silver nanoparticles with various biological molecules, peptides, proteins, and enzymes has further enhanced their functionality, stability, and selectivity towards specific

• synthesized ʟ-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles. The metal ion selectivity (regarding Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Cr3+) was monitored via colorimetric and spectrophotometric approaches. Furthermore, the catalytic activity was assessed using P-NP as a reagent. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the

• ± 0.2, and the concentration of added metal ions was 0.5 ppm. The results show that only the tubes containing As3+ and Cr3+ display a prominent color change from ruby red (control) to dark yellow (Figure 6d). This implies that ʟ-car-AgNP2 has strong selectivity towards As3+ and Cr3+. Figure 6b shows the

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• 13 µM, a low detection limit of 3 nM, and high selectivity. Under the experimental conditions, the sensor provided satisfactory recoveries ranging from 90.2% to 121.3% in both tap water and lake water samples. Experimental Reagents and apparatus Reagents Enrofloxacin (ENR, C19H22FN3O3, 98%) was

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• regulatory cells for the homeostasis of the BBB. The interaction between astrocytes and pericytes plays a vital role in brain vasculogenesis and the maintenance of the BBB [12]. Overall, the high selectivity of the BBB provides optimal conditions for CNS homeostasis [13]. Because of the presence of the BBB

• and specific targeting. In N2B delivery, DDSs provide them stability and the ability to penetrate biological barriers through their tailorable surface characteristics. Among biopharmaceuticals, siRNAs also stand out because of their selectivity for a single gene, bringing new opportunities to provide

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• concentration. The capping provides metal selectivity, whereas bare AgNS1.0 (without capping) showed unspecific metal detection such as Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Fe3+, and Co2+ (Figure 5d). However, in another study, only Hg2+ was detected with silver nanoparticles capped with poly(allylamine

• /mL CTAB, which changes in the case of centrifuged CTAB-AgNS to 856 µg/mL. Despite less CTAB on the silver nanoparticle surface, they showed excellent sensing capability even at lower nanoparticle concentration. The addition of NaOH (5–50 µL) to centrifuged CTAB-AgNS led to no selectivity toward metal

• metal selectivity switched upon increasing the volume of NaOH, confirming the significant role of NaOH in designing the nanoparticle-based sensor. Selective metal detection using centrifuged AuNR10.5 was achieved among all metals in the presence of NaOH only (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• demonstrate favorable tumor penetration and intratumoral diffusion. Active targeting strategies, incorporating ligands for specific tumor receptor binding, serve to further enhance usNP tumor selectivity and therapeutic performance. Numerous preclinical studies have already demonstrated the potential of

• incorporation of active targeting strategies is expected to further enhance the selectivity and performance of usNPs for cancer treatment. By designing usNPs to target surface receptors on cancer cells, tumor retention can be improved by minimizing particle intravasation back to tumor blood vessels. Active

• illustration of targeted AuNCs and their binding selectivity to PSMA-positive (PC3pip) over PSMA-negative (PC3flu) prostate cancer cell. (B) Illustration of intravenous injection of AuNCs, highlighting improved targeting levels and enhanced radiation therapy in PSMA-expressing tumors. (C) Tumor growth curves

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• measured at lower CH4-to-air ratios because of the higher O2 content. Therefore, optimizing the CH4/air ratio is important for improving the OCM reaction. The highest coupling selectivity was around 90% at CH4/air ≈ 4.5:0.5, comparable to or higher than that of typical reported photocatalysts (Table 1

• structure of the catalyst provides a surface that can massively increase light absorption, achieving an efficient C2H6 yield of 210 µmol/cm2 in 6 h with high selectivity under light illumination at room temperature. This research could offer new insights into composite photocatalysts for methane coupling

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• , a good deposition rate was observed. After several hours, condensation became visible, which could be avoided by heating the substrate to a temperature of 60 °C. At this substrate temperature, the spatial selectivity of the direct writing was maintained with only a very weak contribution of purely

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , Cairo 11727, Egypt Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.15.88 Abstract Sensors are applied to many fields nowadays because of their high sensitivity, low cost, time-saving, user-friendly, and excellent selectivity

• digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract can break down some medications before they reach the bloodstream [45]. In addition to this, lack of selectivity can minimize their effectiveness. Also, drug absorption may be high in detoxifying organs such as liver and kidneys, causing toxicity in those

• become known as a promising tool for sensing applications in recent years [95]. With their large surface area, alginate nanoparticles provide space for the immobilization of sensing elements, allowing for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity [96]. Additionally, alginate nanoparticles possess excellent

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• to detect a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and antibodies. This article presents a comprehensive review of advancements in the architectures of FET-based biosensors aiming to enhance device performance in terms of sensitivity, detection time, and selectivity. The review

• [27][28], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [29][30], microfluidic-coupled biochip [31], electrochemical [32], and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors [33]. Biosensors offer several distinct benefits for virus recognition, including higher selectivity through improved target receptors and

• -end biosensing parts are made using gold electrode material and manufactured by a lithography process, liftoff technique, and metal evaporation process. It has been indicated that the proposed EG FET-based biosensors exhibit super selectivity and high sensitivity for a reliable detection of uric acid

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• and U937. The primary objective is to find the structural fingerprints/features that govern cellular uptake selectivity for each cell line. The selective surface modifications of ENMOs could enhance the affinity of the nanoparticles for certain cell types while reducing the uptake by non-target cells

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• resulting material, resulting in a high yield of 81% and an impressive BET surface area of 1365.4 m2·g−1. At 25 °C and 1 bar, M-100Fe@Fe2O3#1.80 showed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.10 mmol·g−1 and an IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity of 18, outperforming conventional adsorbents in CO2/N2 separation

• . Importantly, this route opens a new approach to utilizing Fe2O3-based waste materials from the iron and steel industry in manufacturing Fe-based MIL-100 materials. Keywords: CO2/N2 separation; Fe2O3 nanoparticles; hydrothermal reaction; IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity; MIL-100(Fe); Introduction Metal

• . Estimation of CO2/N2 selectivity via ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) The IAST is widely recognized as a predictive means to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of an adsorbent towards a gas mixture without experimental data for the gas mixture. Herein, a binary mixture of CO2 and N2 containing 10 vol

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for treating cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania amazonensis. The selectivity index for intracellular amastigotes was more than 240 times higher compared to that of current prescribed drugs to treat the disease, making SPIONs strong candidates for a new therapeutic

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• under vacuum. AgPd nanoparticles also exhibit activity in the hydrogenation of acetylene and ethylene. Khan et al. [8] found that the addition of Ag to Pd supported on alumina suppresses the general hydrogenation activity, but it also increases the selectivity towards ethylene avoiding acetylene

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• URI shifts positively as the pulse amplitude increases. This behavior might reduce the selectivity of the analytical method. Therefore, a pulse amplitude of 0.08 V was chosen for further studies. Ustep in differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry affects the potential scan rate and the stripping

• ) with LODHYP = 0.57 μM (Figure 8d) was found. These results indicate that the determination of URI in the presence of HYP and vice versa at the TiO2/GQDs-GCE can be achieved with acceptable selectivity and sensitivity. A comparison with previously reported data is shown in Table 1. It is noticed that

• stability of the (1:4)TiO2/QGDs-GCE (Figure 9d). In order to study the selectivity of the (1:4)TiO2/GQDs-modified electrode, common co-existing substances, namely, NH4Cl, KCl, Na2SO4, NH4NO3, CaCl2, ZnCl2, glucose (GLC), glutamic acid (GLA), urea (URE), ʟ-cysteine (LCY) and xanthine (XTE), have been added

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• inadequate solubility, limited bioavailability, and inability to effectively penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) [6]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on the advancement of novel neurodegenerative disease drugs (NDDs) [7][8]. The major obstacle encountered by NDDs is the selectivity of the BBB

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• electron beam-induced surface activation (EBISA) [24][25], it can compromise spatial control by the electron beam and selectivity when aiming for 3D nanostructures [3][26]. Strategies to suppress autocatalytic deposit growth are thus desirable to devise FEBID processes with optimum performance [27

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• NFT and SDZ, respectively. Besides, the linearity coefficients are extremely close to 1 in the range of 10−8 to 10−3 M of concentration, and the SERS substrate shows remarkable uniformity along with great selectivity. This powerful SERS performance indicates that DESs have tremendous potential in the

• [2], the ability of real-time measurements [3], extremely high sensitivity [4], remarkable selectivity [5], and tremendous versatility [4][6][7]. Many scholars have taken advantage of these properties in cancer diagnosis [8], detection of hazardous chemicals [9], tracing of microorganisms [7][10][11

• distribution indicates good uniformity, that is, satisfactory stability. These results can be explained by the LSPR of the rod-like Ag NPs synthesized in DES, which plays an important role in the high intensity [48] and the uniformity of the Ag NPs-DES coating proven in Figure 3B. SDZ detection and selectivity