High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• states as follows: Here, we consider the charge Qs due to the surface potential Vs. In the case of an n-type semiconductor, the charge Qs as a function of the surface potential Vs is expressed as follows [23][24]: where ND is the dopant density, ni is the intrinsic carrier density, and ε is the

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• This work reports the formation of nanoflowers after annealing of Au/Ni bilayers deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The cores of the nanoflowers consist of segregated Ni silicide and Au parts and are surrounded by SiOx branches. The SiO2 decomposition is activated at 1050 °C in a reducing atmosphere, and

• it can be enhanced more by Au compared to Ni. SiO gas from the decomposition of SiO2 and the active oxidation of Si is the source of Si for the growth of the SiOx branches of the nanoflowers. The concentration of SiO gas around the decomposition cavities is inhomogeneously distributed. Closer to the

• to the strong ability of Au to enhance SiO2 decomposition, and nanoflowers with less difference in their branches can be observed across the whole sample. Keywords: Au/Ni bilayers; dewetting; vapor–liquid–solid; SiO2 decomposition; SiOx nanowires; Introduction Substantial efforts have been devoted

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• ] who used ITO/Ag and ITO/Ni bilayers. The figure of merit (FOM) is a quantitative value that can evaluate the performance of the device. From the sheet resistance (Rs) and the optical transmittance (T), the quality of the thin film can be calculated using the FOM relation in Equation 5 [33][34][35]: It

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• before drying to be characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. Characterization X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained in a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer, at 30 mA and 40 kV, with a Ni filter and a Cu Kα radiation generator. Diffraction patterns were acquired at a scan rate of 1 °/min from 10 to 90

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• decreases, and, hence, the size of the crystallites increases. XRD analysis showed that phase-pure LiCoO2 material was maintained without additional phases. EPR studies revealed the presence of two Ni3+ complexes resulting from Ni impurities. The electrical properties of the studied LiCoO2 samples were

• discussion below), (ii) the substitution of Co ions with other metal ions, such as Mg, Al, Fe, Ni, Mn, V [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], or (iii) the surface modification by carbon, metal, or oxide coatings [15][16]. Nanomaterials are preferred for the use in energy storage and

• simulation of the experimental spectra, we obtained the parameters of the spectroscopic coefficients of the g-tensor for the two Ni3+ ions, which are presented in Figure 8. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters indicate that complex Ni(I) has axial symmetry and complex Ni(II) is non-axial. The values of the

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• semiconductor surface. SPRs can potentially boost quantum yield by broadening the spectral response range of semiconductors. Fe, Au, Co, Ag, Ni, Bi, Al, and other metallic elements are often deposited and doped. For example, a nanostructure composite based on plasmonic Ag metal nanoclusters and monoclinic BiVO4

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• . The punch is assumed as an ideal rigid Ni with crystal orientation of X[−110]-Y[111]. The dimensions of the Al substrates are 100 Å (width) × 100 Å (height), and the width of the Al workpiece is 200 Å, as shown in Figure 1a. A periodic boundary condition (PBC) was applied for the z-axis of the

• program error termination. The atoms at the bottom of the Al substrates were the fixed atoms, and the atoms on the top of the Ni punch were the actuation atoms. The nano-punching process was performed by implementing a constant displacement of the Ni punch, which was set to 0.2 Å per step, and the

• . Conclusion In this work, the effects of workpiece orientation, thickness, clearance, and punch taper angle on the nano-punching process of Al workpieces and Ni punches were studied. According to the results shown, several conclusions were obtained. For instance, the crystal orientation of the Al workpiece

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• attractive platform, offering more possibilities for sharpening tips in a controlled manner. These metal clusters can be easily generated with various metals (e.g., Ir, Au, Ni, Co, Pb, or Sn), allowing the generation of nano-tips with different functionalities. The good point is that these clusters were

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• enantiospecific adsorption on a ferromagnetic Ni surface was proven to arise from the adsorption kinetics rather than from thermodynamic stabilization. The adsorption rate of ᴅ-Cys and ʟ-Cys onto a ferromagnetic substrate showed a significantly different behavior according to the magnetic field direction and

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• can be easily grown on substrates to form nanoscale networks and perform well in MEGs due to their unique electron transport properties [2][47][48]. This includes Al2O3 [49], MoS2 [50][51], Ni–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) [52], MoS2/SiO2 composites [53], TiO2 [54], and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

• [55]. A hydroelectric conversion device prepared by suction filtration of 200 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles provided an instantaneous electrical output of 4 V and 18 μA (Figure 4a). The Ni–Al layered double hydroxide material has a high specific surface area and provided a constant electrical output with a

• is the highest instantaneous current measured in nanomaterial MEG devices. Moreover, the preparation method of metal compound nanomaterials is mature, and different morphologies can be obtained, such as nanoparticles of Al2O3, nanowires of TiO2, Ni–Al layered structures, and nanosheets of MXene

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• Nanotechnologies, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Brazzaville, Congo 10.3762/bjnano.13.85 Abstract In this study, we present theoretical X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra at the K-edge of oxygen in zirconia containing Ni dopant atoms and O vacancies at

• vacancies. In this system, each Ni atom is surrounded by two shells of O with tetrahedral geometry, in a similar way as in bulk cubic zirconia. The oxygen K-edge XANES spectrum of this configuration shows a pre-edge peak, which is attributable to dipole transitions from O 1s to O 2p states that are

• hybridized with unoccupied Ni 3d states. The intensity of this pre-edge peak, however, reduces upon the introduction of a single vacancy in the 2Ni-doped zirconia matrix. The corresponding ground state remains ferromagnetic, while one of the nickel atoms adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and the other

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• ), Chengalpattu district, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India 10.3762/bjnano.13.79 Abstract LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides were prepared by the sol–gel method under various conditions, including different pH values (pH 0 and pH 7) and different calcination temperatures (500–800 °C) as well as different Fe/Ni

• decompose the methylene blue molecules. Accordingly, the synthesis condition of pH 0, calcination temperature at 700 °C, and Fe/Ni ratio = 7/3 could form LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 perovskite oxides as highly efficient photocatalysts. Moreover, various conditions during the photocatalytic degradation were verified

• , methylene blue, and rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Their optimal sample was LaFe0.85Cu0.15O3, which could remove dyes much more efficiently due to more generation of hydroxyl radicals than pure LaFeO3 [31]. Ni-doped LaFeO3 was ubiquitously employed as a photo/thermal catalyst or a catalyst

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• ., Cu or Ni) to the desired target substrate (e.g., SiO2/Si, glass, or flexible polymers) often introduces inconsistencies among devices [10]. Various approaches have been developed to address this issue and establish a reproducible transfer process [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among the many, the poly

• be considered: (i) metallic particles from the Cu or Ni etching process and (ii) PMMA residues after the removal and rinsing processes. Both contaminations are leading causes of undesired p-type doping in CVD graphene, accompanied by a deterioration of its electrical properties [19][20][21][22]. The

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• function is quite attractive because this function is versatile even for nanoparticles. Electrodes of sodium-ion batteries can be fabricated by using the Ni–CN–Ni colloids as glue. The contribution to the adhesion strength among 2D coordination polymers was generally considered to be van der Waals forces

• [147]. However, the adhesion strength varied over time, sometimes reaching values even close to 100 N·cm−2, which is higher than to be expected from van der Waals forces. The non-uniform deposition of Ni–CN–Ni nanosheets caused by Marangoni flow was an important reason for the unstable value of the

• . Illustration of the possible structure of water inside the Ni–CN–Ni nanosheets. The green balls represent carbon. The red balls represent nickel. The yellow balls represent nitrogen. The blue balls represent oxygen. The gray balls represent hydrogen. Figure 9 was used with permission of The Royal Society of

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• deionized water by horn sonication for 1 h. The suspension was filtered through a glass-fiber membrane (pore diameter of 1.2 μm) without any polymeric binder and conductive agent. The active area and mass loading of the cathode were 0.785 cm2 and 1.0 mg·cm−2, respectively. Porous Ni foam was placed on the

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• , the bias current of the junction was ramped up at a constant rate. The voltage was measured using a low-noise room-temperature differential amplifier AD745 and was fed to a high-speed NI ADC card. The switching current histograms were collected in the temperature range between 1 K and 30 mK. The

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• equations: where ni and Di are the number and diameter of the i-th microsphere, respectively. 125I-radiolabeling and loading and release of BSA and AAT A solution of BSA (10 mg), or AAT (10 mg), in PBS buffer (400 µL, pH 7.4) was reacted with [125I]-NaI solution (155 MBq) for 30 min in the presence of two

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• . A pyroelectric high-voltage generator (PHVG) system can produce voltages up to several kilovolts, which is an important power supply system for microscale robotics. Ni et al. [100] proposed a PHVG system composed of lithium niobate and a PZT cantilever switch, as shown in Figure 13. Lithium niobate

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• kept at room temperature (25 °C). The permeance Pi (mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1) of the permeation gas was determined using the following equation: where Ni (mol·s−1) is the permeation molar flow rate of component gas i, ΔPi (Pa) is the trans-membrane pressure drop of gas i, and A (m2) is the effective membrane

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• ]. The most commonly used material in resistive switching devices is TiO2−x [33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition to the oxide layers, the material used for metal electrodes plays another crucial role in the resistive switching mechanism. Usually, materials such as Au, Ag, Ni, Ti, W, TiN, or ITO are used

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• nanoscale is crucially important. Microscale bearings made of Ni-based MGs lasted four times longer than those machined from sintered alloy [12]. Corrosive degradation, as one of the major failure mechanisms of metals and alloys, is an important issue in engineering applications of MGs. Protective oxide

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• these are commercially available, have comparatively high vapor pressure and are fairly stable and easy to handle. Correspondingly metal carbonyl complexes, including the mononuclear Ni(CO)4, Cr(CO)6, Fe(CO)5, W(CO)6 and Mo(CO)6, have been used as precursors to deposit metals on surfaces through FEBID

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• (MFe2O4, where M = Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as carriers of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX). Physical characterizations confirmed the formation of pure cubic structures (14–22 nm) with magnetic properties. Drug-loaded NPs exhibited tumor

• adverse interactions with hemoglobin [13]. Magnetic spinel ferrites nanoparticles (MSFNPs) with a general formula of MFe2O4 (where M = divalent cation of Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, or Mg) are soft magnetic materials with a face-centered cubic structure [14]. Among those, cobalt ferrite NPs have a large

• chemistry of NPs, thereby affecting their physiochemical and biological properties [11][20]. In the present work, we synthesized a variety of MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, and Zn) NPs using the sonochemical technique. Particle agglomeration was prevented by using oleic acid as the surfactant [21]. Phase change of

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• fractal dimension of 1.79. Tungsten oxide-based fractals A very recent study on the sensing of NO2, acetone, and carbon monoxide was reported by Simon and co-workers. They used Ni nanoparticles to decorate a reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite [78]. The WO3 sample annealed at 600 °C shows the