Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li,
• Shuai Ren and
• Shusheng Bi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2572–2582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.257

• contact angle measurement is illustrated in Figure 3. From the figure, one can see that the tip radius results in the overestimation of the width D. The deconvolution of the AFM tip gives a corrected expression of radius Rc′, width D′ and contact angle θ′, as where Rtip is the radius of AFM tip

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• . The deconvolution of the PL spectra was made with Gaussian components assuming a model consisting in the lower number of components needed to describe the whole measured spectra for each sample. The peak positions of C4 and C5 are approximately the same in the two samples whereas their relative

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• deposited on top of grafted brush layers that have been unexposed and exposed to oxygen plasma, respectively, without prior EBL modification. Figure 5a,b shows the C 1s HAXPES spectra acquired with 3000 eV photons together with the deconvolution using least-square fits after background subtraction. Both

• sections are shown below both images. HAXPES spectra corresponding to the C 1s region of (a) unmodified and (b) modified samples, respectively, taken with 3000 eV photons including a deconvolution of the components using a least-square fit after background subtraction. Comparison of spectra taken with 2700

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• tips: As mentioned in the introduction, we first measure the adhesion force between standard Si3N4 tips in contact with freshly cleaved mica to validate our general method. The radius of these tips was obtained using the tip–shape deconvolution method [28][29] on a test grating (TGT1 from NDT-MDT Co

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• , showed the presence of randomly oriented Au clusters coexisting with the heteroepitaxial regions on the Si substrate. Moreover, the shape of the (200) diffraction peak indicates that two families of grains, both exhibiting texturing in the [001] crystallographic direction, are present. The deconvolution

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• scale of the system was calibrated with respect to Au 4f7/2, Ag 3d5/2 and Cu 2p3/2 peak positions. ESCALAB 250Xi Avantage software was used for the peak deconvolution and fitting procedure using a sum of Lorentzian–Gaussian (70:30) functions. The samples were analyzed as received and no surface cleaning

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• (Multiprobe, Omicron) at a pressure <10−9 mbar, as applied in our previous work on carbon nanofoams [24]. The combination of monochromatic Al Kα irradiation, an electron analyzer (Sphera) with a resolution of 0.9 eV, and an emission angle of 20° was used. The deconvolution of XPS peaks was performed by

• these foams. XPS In Figure 3, the XPS spectra of low- and high-density carbon nanofoams are shown. The deconvolution of the C1s peaks leads to the C1 and C2 peaks which are assigned to sp2- and sp3-type carbons, corresponding to electron binding energies of 284.4 and 285.4 eV, respectively [54]. An

• distribution (Figure 3b,d) is also different for the two types of foams. Two-curve deconvolution for the low-density foam yields an O1 peak at 532.3 eV and an O2 peak at 533.8 eV, with corresponding relative areas of 62% and 38%. We assign these peaks to C=O and C–O bonded carbon atoms, respectively [60][61

A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes

• Mohammed Al Araimi,
• Petro Lutsyk,
• Anatoly Verbitsky,
• Yuri Piryatinski,
• Mykola Shandura and
• Aleksey Rozhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1991–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.190

• SWNT in comparison with its components. To understand the nature of the new PL features (in the range of λEX = 650–780 nm) we have estimated the absorption peak positions using Gaussian deconvolution. The absorption of the neat SWNT in the range of 300–800 nm (Figure 3a, curve 1) exhibits low intensity

• the aged mixture (measured 24 h after mixing, Figure 3a, curve 4) has only one maximum at 742 nm (1.67 eV) and a short wavelength shoulder (peak after Gaussian deconvolution at 700 nm (1.77 eV)). Thus, the relative contribution of absorption for the dye–SWNT complexes in the aged mixtures is much

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• deconvolution of the O 1s spectrum identified three different oxygen bonding states. The main peak at (529.60 ± 0.05) eV corresponds to lattice oxygen and the minor peaks at higher binding energies of (531.11 ± 0.05) eV and (532.07 ± 0.05) eV can be assigned to hydroxyl oxygen/oxygen from C–O and C=O

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• the PL emission from nanocomposites and free-standing HfO2 nanoparticles was analyzed in more detail. As evident from Figure 3, the key constituents of the broad emission bands in both cases are represented by the same Gaussian deconvolution components centered at around 3.1, 2.8, 2.5 and 2.2 eV

• nanoparticles. Grey curves represent the Gaussian deconvolution components. Note different the photoluminescence intensity scales in (a) and (b). (a) HAADF-STEM image of the area of interest where EELS was performed, (b) C K-edge core loss EELS spectra on the area of interest indicated in Figure 2a. (a) I–V

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• [14]. The area coverage of the nanocrystal monolayer was calculated using Gwyddion software [15]. The AFM image was corrected for the AFM tip shape using a deconvolution algorithm. The tip shape was characterized by parameters provided by the manufacturer. In order to deduce the packing density of a

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• binding energies higher than 285 eV. The deconvolution of the carbon peak is complex due to the uncertain assignment of fitting components; however, a satisfactory example is reported in Supporting Information File 1 for the as-functionalized sample (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The analysis

Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices

• Tino Wagner,
• Hannes Beyer,
• Patrick Reissner,
• Philipp Mensch,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2193–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.225

• surface potential measurements include deconvolution techniques [11][12] or the use of slightly blunt tips supported by a cantilever of minimal surface area [9]. However, deconvolution techniques require a detailed model of the AFM tip to be accurate and usually neglect the sample topography [12], whereas

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

• Andrea Capasso,
• Theodoros Dikonimos,
• Francesca Sarto,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Giovanni De Bellis,
• Maria Sabrina Sarto,
• Giuliana Faggio,
• Angela Malara,
• Giacomo Messina and
• Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

• this case, the N atom usually bonds with one O and two C atoms. It should be noted that the curve deconvolution of the N1s spectra does not seem to show trace of pyrrolic N, i.e., N atoms contributing two p electrons to the π system (e.g., the kind of coordination an N atom has in the five-membered C

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• -bonded oxygen [(O–(C=O)–O), 66%] in polycarbonate, respectively, in agreement with the literature [40]. After 28 ALD cycles the polycarbonate-related XPS peaks are strongly suppressed due to SiO2 film formation. After deconvolution of C 1s species for every sample, O 1s species with respect to the PC

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• corresponds to the template pore characteristics. EDX spectra deconvolution was employed to determine the composition of the nanowires for different working electrode voltages and the dependence of the composition on the working electrode potential is presented in Figure 2b. A quasi-plateau of the potential

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• three clear explanations for such a large range of values: inaccuracies in either the measurement or the spectral deconvolution; the assignment of correctly measured binding energies to incorrect atomic configurations; or the effect of differences in core hole screening. A level of variability could be

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• obtained from high-resolution spectra of the relevant photoemission bands. Figure 2 reports the C 1s photoelectron spectra of Si-1-Pc (a) and PSi-1-Pc (b). The observed bands do not show significant differences between flat and porous samples. For both samples, a careful deconvolution of the band envelope

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• scattering (DLS) results revealed that in the solution of standard composition, nanoparticles of average diameter of approximately 8 nm are formed (Figure 2). For statistical analysis, a proprietary, high resolution, multimodal deconvolution analysis for proper measurement of the nanoparticle diameter was

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• ]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to confirm the differences between GO and G-SO3. Five different peaks centered at 284.5, 285.9, 286.6, 287.7 and 288.9 eV appear in the C1s deconvolution spectrum of GO, corresponding to C=C/C–C in aromatic rings, C–OH (hydroxy), C–O

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• appears again in the sample that was reduced by H2. This indicates that the surface layer of the as-synthesized particles contains a small amount of Fe0 in addition to the Fe2+ and Fe3+, which is in agreement with the literature [54]. However, deconvolution of the Fe 2p region is rather difficult due to

Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate

• Daniela Ailincai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.76

• (DLS) experiments were carried out with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS ZEN 3600 at a temperature of 25 °C. The particle size distribution is derived from a deconvolution of the measured intensity autocorrelation function of the sample by a general purpose method, i.e., the non-negative least squares

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• temperature of 20 °C. The particle size distribution is derived from a deconvolution of the measured intensity autocorrelation function of the sample by a general purpose method (non-negative least squares) algorithm included in the DTS software. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded on

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• fitting curves (red continuous lines), along with the deconvolution with contributions associated to the Fe3+ (light color curves) and Fe2+ (darker color curves) manifold components. Right panel: relative intensity estimations of the Fe3+ (red dots) and Fe2+ (black triangles) content in the NWs as a

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• Scofield cross-sections [6] and the mean free path varying according to the 0.7th power of the photoelectron kinetic energy. Peak deconvolution was performed by using curves with a 70% Gaussian type and a 30% Lorentzian type, and a Shirley non-linear sigmoid-type baseline. The following peaks were used for

• . The deconvolution of C 1s peak results in four peaks. The one centered at 284.8 and attributed to hydrocarbon is related to the residual carbon coming from the decomposition of the titanium(IV) tetraethoxide precursor and some surface pollution during the XPS analysis. The other peaks are attributed