Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• dodecylbenzene sulfonate-modified Ni/Co-LDH as a filler promoted the formation of the electroactive β-phase in PVDF-based electrospun nanocomposite fabrics [12]. The enhanced piezoelectric response was attributed to the realignment of PVDF dipoles in combination with their interfacial interactions with the

• trivalent cations, which are required to generate the excess positive charge necessary for stabilizing the LDHs structure, the formation of a pure LDH phase appears questionable. Moreover, the authors did not report any subsequent oxidation of nickel or cobalt to the trivalent state that could have

• evidence to unambiguously confirm the formation of a Ni/Co-LDH phase. Piezocatalysis A large part of the published studies of piezoelectric properties of LDHs and combined materials based on them are focused not so much on the piezoelectric effect itself as on its application in piezocatalysis. This

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• , and C–O) and the simultaneous transformation of the amorphous polymer phase into a graphitized structure with higher electrical parameters [9]. This results in carbon regions rich in conjugated π-electron systems, which allow for efficient charge delocalization and the formation of conducting pathways

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• therapies remain scarce in oncology, with no such treatments having received full regulatory approval to date. The most notable case is the AS1411 aptamer, which demonstrated only limited antitumor activity in a phase-II clinical trial for metastatic renal cell carcinoma [134]. The observed objective

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• 60 days, the formulation remained physically quite stable without phase separation. Both nanoformulations contained 2.6% (w/v) linseed oil, providing a bioactive concentration compatible with ocular administration volumes (~50 µL). At a final concentration of 1.30 mg·mL−1, OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) showed

• components. When NE is instilled, the oil nanodroplets merge with the lipid layer, the water in the formulation interacts with the aqueous layer of the tear film, and the surfactant interacts with the mucin layer [21][22][23]. The literature cites various lipids as components of the oily phase in

• micelles and liposomes [51]. Considering the approximately 60% phosphatidylcholine content in the egg lecithin utilized in this study, its dissolution in the aqueous phase was prioritized due to the predominance of its hydrophilic (polar) properties. However, mixed micellar systems (comprising lipid mono

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• imaging beamline P05 operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at PETRA III (DESY Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany). Phase contrast-based near-field holotomography was used to image our samples, utilizing a 300 µm gold Fresnel zone plate to focus the monochromatic beam with an energy of 11

• keV [32]. For the in situ nano-holotomography, a climate chamber [33] was used to image the specimen in a moist (90% RH) and a dry (<3% RH) state. A binning factor of two was applied to the images. The phase retrieval was performed using the Holowizard framework [34][35]. The sample volumes were

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• equipped with complementary instruments (e.g., mass spectrometers) mainly allowing researchers to probe gas phase products and connect this information easily to the XPS data acquired from the surface. Common in-vacuum surface preparation tools (e.g., Ar ion sputtering and sample annealing) are

• where the active phase is well defined and often prepared on single crystals. While studies on industrial catalysts are limited by charging effects (insulating oxide-supported samples) and higher pressure requirements, model systems remain invaluable for fundamental insights. We now turn to specific

• revealed that H2 promotes the formation of a dense OH–H2O phase below the graphene. In contrast, CO alone showed minimal intercalation and instead scavenged oxygen. When CO and H2 were pulsed together, hydrogen modified the undercover chemistry: the formation of the OH-H2O phase lifts the graphene flake

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• we obtain the spectrum of the whole system and study the properties of the ground-state quantum phase transition. Keywords: Ising chain; Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick model; quantum phase transitions; Introduction In the present manuscript, we consider a single spin connected to an infinitely coordinated

• one replaces by their eigenvalues in Equation 4. This is a Born–Oppenheimer approximation in which the chain is considered to be a fast subsystem relative to the single spin. In particular, the energy of the spin chain is a contribution to the potential energy of the single spin. Phase Transition in

• the Thermodynamic Limit Phase transition of the bare LMG model In the thermodynamic classical limit, the spin operators in the LMG model can be replaced by classical expectation values (i.e., Sz = Scosθ, Sx = Ssinθcosφ, Sy = Ssinθsinφ). The Hamiltonian is then replaced by its classical energy profile

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• release studies showed that all samples exhibited a slight initial burst effect, releasing 30–60% of the total protein mass, followed by the subsequent slow release phase. After 144 h, the Tityus serrulatus venom-loaded PLA nanoparticles have released about 88% and 50% of the initial loaded protein for

• serrulatus venom delivery In a manner similar to [14], PLA NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation, up to a 30:70 (%) ratio of organic and aqueous phase (OP:AP). The organic phase was set up with 6 mL of acetone solution containing PLA (0.1% w/v) and PEI (0.1% w/v) to 14 mL of the aqueous phase containing

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• pollutants adsorbed on its surface. In Fenton and Fenton-like processes, hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are formed when hydrogen peroxide reacts with a metallic active phase, such as Fe2+, facilitating the oxidation and breakdown of contaminants [58]. Table 2 depicts the advantages and limitations of various

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• ) and the phase on the JJ/(interferometer) are quantized as follows: where charge energy EC = e2/2CB and Josephson energy EJ = (Φ0Ic)/2π are used (Ic is the critical current flowing through the Josephson junction). The Hamiltonian for the transmon part of our system can be written in the following form

• obtained in Equation 5 indicates that the nonlinearity of the transmon is similar to the type of Kerr phase modulation , with . Thus, the Hamiltonian in Equation 4 can be rewritten as follows: Note that, for such a system, the operator is found to be independent on time (being an integral of motion). This

• means that this nonlinearity itself leads only to phase modulation without changing the excitation statistics. In our case, the dynamics of the excitations of a Josephson nanosystem (transmon) under the action of a nonclassical electromagnetic field is studied. The interaction of the photonic and

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• -first-order kinetic model, as determined by Equation 3: The concentration of OFL was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column maintained at 30 °C. The UV–vis detector was calibrated to a wavelength of 292 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a 15:85 ratio of methanol to 0.8

• seen for the CC/HTNW, which corresponds to hydrogen titanate H2Ti5O11·3H2O (JCPDS card no. 44-0130). The TiO2 nanowires are predominantly in the anatase phase, as indicated by characteristic anatase peaks, such as the (101), (004), (200), and (105) reflections at 2θ = 25.3°, 37.8°, 48.0°, and 54.0

• °, respectively (JCPDS card no. 21-1272). The Raman spectra in Figure 2b are in accordance with the XRD analysis in phase composition. The CC/NW-450 °C spectrum displays prominent peaks at 146, 195, 287, 395, 516, and 637 cm−1, corresponding to the Eg, A1g, B1g, B1g, (A1g + B1g), and Eg modes of the anatase phase

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• rehabilitation [10][11], and orthopedic healing [12], where device functionality is required only for a defined recovery period. In such cases, transient electronic devices offer distinct advantages over conventional implants by providing essential sensing or therapeutic functions during the acute phase and

• wireless, fully bioresorbable electrical stimulator designed to promote nerve regeneration during the initial phase of neural injury treatment and subsequently undergo complete degradation [7] (Figure 1b), battery-free and bioresorbable pacemakers designed for on-demand cardiac rhythm management during the

• but also of electrical and mechanical performance. For instance, Mg-3Zn, which suffers from phase separation in bulk form, can be synthesized as a uniform alloy in thin films, offering improved corrosion resistance [61]. Moreover, bioresorbable amorphous metal (metallic glass) films have demonstrated

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Abstract In this study, silicon nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by pulsed laser ablation in a liquid, aiming to investigate the influence of a laser beam profile on the properties of the resultant NPs. Morphology, inner structure, and phase composition of the formed NPs were characterized by means of

• peak fluence in the central lobe can be calculated as [31][32]: where Ein is the incident Gaussian pulse energy (80 mJ per pulse) and ω0 is e−2 radius of the incident Gaussian beam (3 mm). Following these calculations, the fluence was calculated to be 84.9 J·cm−2. Morphology, phase composition, and

• , phase composition, and lattice parameters of the formed Si nanostructures were determined from HRTEM images by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The morphology of the produced nanoparticles was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a SUPRA 55WDS microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• patterns were recorded on a Shimadzu 6100 X-ray diffractometer in a 2θ range of 10–80°, providing insights into the crystalline structure and phase composition of the CNTs before and after modification. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to monitor adsorption of metal ions by the interaction of dendrimerized

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• comprehensive understanding of the process flow, from the laser-induced ejection of material into the gas phase, through its processing and movement in the plume, to its eventual deposition onto a substrate. Figure 1 shows key developments in thin film synthesis and laser-based processing from 1909 to 2025

• traditional LAL, including milder reaction conditions, greater flexibility in size and phase control, and significantly higher productivity, making it more suitable for industrial-scale applications [42]. Additionally, selective pulsed heating in PLIL is distinct from conventional heating as it is both

• surrounding solvent, owing to the efficient light absorption capability of the NPs and their limited thermal transfer to the solvent. [35][63][72][73][74]. LIL also leads to phase transitions and morphological changes (Figure 7a–d) depending on the laser fluence and irradiation time [42]. Schematic

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• , violet, green, and blue. This makes AgNPrs highly suitable for optical sensing applications [2]. The formation mechanism of AgNPrs in solution typically proceeds through three stages, namely, nucleation, seeding, and crystallization, with the crystallization phase being the slowest and rate-determining

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• efficiency (EE). These techniques can be categorized into conventional approaches such as thin film hydration, reverse phase evaporation, solvent injection, detergent removal, and newer innovations. Also, modern techniques are further developments or adaptations of conventional approaches. These methods

• . Other characterization techniques include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study membrane fluidity and phase transitions, fluorescence spectroscopy for investigating drug–liposome interactions, and capillary electrophoresis to analyze liposome–drug interactions and drug release [110][121

• and 31P NMR are used to evaluate the lamellarity of liposomes, which refers to the number of bilayers of lipids in the vesicles [122]. 31P NMR provides information on membrane fluidity and phase transitions, while cryo-TEM allows for direct observation of the number of lipid bilayers [110]. X-ray

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• and carrier gas. Oxygen and water sensors monitored gas-phase contaminants at the outlet line. In situ microscopy Nanotube growth was imaged in situ using a custom-built optical setup for homodyne polarization microscopy. A supercontinuum source (Fianium SC-400-4, 2 ps pulses, 40 MHz, spectral range

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• ), corresponding to Bi3+ in the monoclinic phase of BiVO4 [36][37]. The V 2p region (Figure 7d) exhibits peaks at 516.2 eV (V 2p3/2) and 524.1 eV (V 2p1/2), indicating the presence of V5+ species associated with the VO43− tetrahedra [38][39]. The Bi 4f and V 2p spectra remained unchanged after testing, confirming

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• ]. Moreover, the surfactants exhibit temperature-responsive behavior, reorganizing at higher temperatures to stabilize finer dispersions. The concurrent decline in oil phase viscosity with increasing temperature also improves emulsification efficiency by promoting shear-induced droplet breakup, particularly

• under mechanical agitation [48]. Nevertheless, while these conditions favor the formation of smaller nanodroplets, temperatures above 60 °C may compromise emulsion stability, potentially triggering phase separation or degradation of labile components. This highlights the necessity for stringent

• nanoemulsion After confirmation of the nonhemolytic effect of the nanoemulsion, the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated. In inflammatory processes, therapeutic interventions aim primarily to attenuate the productive phase of inflammation, particularly by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration at the injury site

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• visibly lower. This may be related to the disruption of the crystalline structure of PVA after encapsulation of essential oil. For rBP and rCBP, which also contains NC, a small rise in the XRD signal can be seen at around 18°, which may be from the (110) plane of the Iβ cellulose crystalline phase [32

• mobility [43]. When CEO content exceeds 8%, WVP slightly increases to 5.27 × 10−12 g·m−1·s−1·Pa−1, likely due to structural heterogeneity and phase separation within the polymer matrix [45]. These findings suggest that an optimal PE-CEO concentration exists to balance water resistance and mechanical

• (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol) [33][52]. The release of CEO from the films was studied over time (Figure 5a). The release pattern had two phases, namely, a fast initial release of 42% within the first 100 min, followed by a slower phase up to 300 min. The fast release happened because some CEO was near the surface

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• become attractive due to their high biocompatibility and long circulating time in the blood, as well as low cytotoxicity [73]. They can be prepared by various methods, including phase inversion [73], copolymerization [110][111], and double chemical cross-linking reaction [51]. Cellulose derivatives, such

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• lag time parameter in the model reflects the initial phase of micelle formation and the subsequent accommodation of PpIX into the micellar core, which precedes the diffusion-driven dissolution process [23]. Among the systems evaluated, water + P407 and EtOH77 + P407 exhibited the highest correlation

• ), indicated a Fickian diffusion mechanism occuring after the initial phase of micelle formation and subsequent accommodation of PpIX within the micellar core of the P407-based systems. These results reinforce the structural stability and controlled-release potential of the micellar formulations, particularly