Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• ratio of both luciferase activities was used as a read out for LNP-mediated knockdown. Protein thermal stability To determine the thermal stability of ApoE, a solution of ApoE or BSA at 170 µg/mL in PBS was incubated at room temperature, 37 °C, 56 °C or 75 °C shaking at 300 rpm for 30 min. Subsequently

• humans [31]. The most widely employed procedure for heat inactivation of FCS is 30 min incubation at 56 °C. To determine the heat stability of ApoE3, human recombinant ApoE3 was incubated for 30 min at varying temperatures between room temperature and 75 °C. Subsequently, the heat treated protein was

• or BSA following ThT staining as determined by spectrophotometry, after a 30 min incubation at room temperature (rt), 37, 56 and 75 °C (n = 3) (B). Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 and were annotated as ns = non-significant, * = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p ≤ 0.01, *** = p

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• nanowire surface. The measured binding energy shift amounts to 0.48 eV in the In 4d spectra and 0.47 eV in the P 2p spectra. Even though this is a significant and well-resolved shift, its value is surprisingly low compared with the InP band gap of 1.34 eV at room temperature. Similarly grown InP p–n

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• growth. In fact, at 850 °C, the adatom surface mobility and surface diffusion of the deposited atoms are further increased, which has also been shown by Elangovan et al. [20], Adamik et al. [22], and Cheng and collaborators [23]. The variation of resistance of TaN films, measured from room temperature

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• then washed three times with cold 0.175 M sodium cacodylate buffer for 10 min each. The samples then underwent dehydration through a cold graded ethanol series (30%, 50%, 70%, and 95%) for 7 min each, followed by two 5-minute rinses in cold absolute ethanol and one 5-minute rinse in room-temperature

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• study, room temperature was used, which may also explain why the antioxidant action was maintained. EOCF, on E. coli and S. Aureus bacteria, showed antioxidant activity and control in pathogenic species resistant to oxidative stress. The authors also emphasized that EOCF acted as a potent attenuator of

• carried out in triplicate at room temperature and at 37 °C. The pH analyses were carried out after diluting the MEs (1:10). A digital pH meter (model Analion PM 608) containing a glass electrode and temperature sensor (Phtek PH 3B), previously calibrated with buffer solution (pH 4.0 and 7.0), was used at

• room temperature [52]. Determination of antioxidant activity The in vitro antioxidant activities of the S. Mix. samples (surfactants + water, without EOCF), EOCF (10 mg/mL), and selected microemulsions containing EOCF (10 mg/mL) were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• room temperature, the product was purified with 1% HCl solution, distilled water, and ethanol, then vacuum-dried at 50 °C for about 4 h. The final product was nearly pure CNFs, as shown by FESEM images. TEM images indicated an average CNF diameter of 100 nm. Raman spectra showed a strong, narrow peak

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• ; Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based thin films are of significant interest due to their wide bandgap value (3.37 eV at room temperature), transparent electrical conduction, and large excitonic binding energy (60 meV) [1]. In contrast, cadmium oxide (CdO) exhibits a lower bandgap of 2.2 eV, along with high

• film prior to further irradiation. The characterization of the thin films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Bruker high-resolution X-ray diffractometer, employing a Cu Kα beam over a 2θ range of 30–50°. Raman spectroscopic measurements were conducted at room temperature with a SENTERRA

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• HAuCl4 solution containing 6 mM HCl and 0.5 M sulfuric acid was added on top of the CSPE, and a potential of −0.25 V (vs Ag/AgCl) was applied for 60 s. The electrode was then rinsed with 25 mL deionized water, dried under a flow of N2, and stored at room temperature (RT) in dark. Functionalization with 4

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• substrates were held at room temperature for [Pd(η5-Cp)(η3-allyl)] and [Pd(hfac)2], which may explain the lower carbon removal efficiency due to residual gas contamination or less effective thermal desorption processes. Comparison with [Cu(tbaoac)2] When comparing [Cu(tbaoac)2] and [Pd(tbaoac)2], the highest

• room temperature. Comparison of [Pd(tbaoac)2] and [Cu(tbaoac)2] FEBID deposit compositions along with the experimental parameters employed. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 36: Additional experimental details and details on the theoretical calculations. Funding This work was funded

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• reduction (TPR) analyses were performed on an AutoChem 2910 instrument (Micromeritics, USA) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD). The procedure for TPR involved heating the sample in a 1.0 vol % H2/Ar gas mixture at a flow rate of 30 mL/min, from room temperature to 600 °C, at a ramp rate of

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• formation energy per atom is either negative or lower than kBT at room temperature (approximately 25 meV). Specifically, N–H and B–H terminations are likely to occur in N-rich and B-rich environments, respectively. Additionally, N–H/B–H-terminated stoichiometric parallelogram pores exhibit low values of

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• remarkable thermal stability, high melting point, and chemical inertness. In the present study, Mo thin films of different thicknesses (150, 200, 250, and 300 nm) have been deposited on Si(100) substrates via radio frequency sputtering in an argon atmosphere at room temperature. Some of these films have been

• this study, molybdenum thin films of varying thickness were deposited at room temperature on Si(100) substrates via RF sputtering using a pure 2″ diameter Mo target (99.99% purity) in Ar gas atmosphere with a flow rate of 10 sccm. The plasma was obtained by setting the RF power to 100 W, while careful

• production of Mo nanoparticles and the subsequent increase in surface plasmon resonance or interband transitions. As-deposited molybdenum thin films deposited at room temperature typically exhibit a smooth surface and crystalline structure. The absorbance of molybdenum thin films increases with increasing

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• can have nanometer-scale linear dimensions [10][11]. Experimental observations showed that nanometer-scale vacancy islands can arrange into a perfect triangular lattice when a single monolayer of Ag is deposited on a Ru(0001) surface at room temperature [12]. Similar elongated nanometer-sized islands

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• agents and can form nano- and submicron particles at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, has attracted much attention as a simple and environmentally friendly particle synthesis technique. Laser-based particle synthesis methods can be roughly divided into two categories depending on whether the

• with a diameter of less than 10 nm was confirmed in all samples. Since materials with a more negative reduction potential than Y react with water and dissolve at room temperature, it is difficult to verify the formation of their nanoparticles in water as a solvent. However, in principle, it was shown

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . Raman spectroscopy of Ag@ZnO nanorods The influence of Ag doping in ZnO nanorods were investigated by Raman scattering. Raman scattering of Ag@ZnO NRs were recorded using a 532 nm laser at room temperature in the spectra range varying from 0 to 2000 cm−1. ZnO has four atoms in each primitive cell, which

• zinc nitrate hexahydrate solution. The resulting solution was stirred for approximately 10 min at room temperature. After the reaction time, a 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution was gradually added drop by drop. This step adjusted the pH of the mixture to 10. Then the mixture underwent further

• stirring for 2 h at room temperature. Once the stirring was complete, the deposited precipitate was formed. These precipitates were subjected to centrifugation and the pellet was collected; further washing was done multiple times using distilled water and ethanol. The obtained nanoparticles were oven-dried

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• parameters f0 = 38.38 ± 0.02 kHz, c = 0.018 ± 0.002 K−2, and T0 = 330 ± 10 K. The slope of the curve at a given temperature indicates the sensor’s sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. Near room temperature, where the slope is 0, it is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations, while at

• sputtering (3 μA, 1 kV, 30 min) at room temperature followed by annealing at 1000 K for 5 min. In Figure 5a,c, taken at 450 K under UHV conditions, we recognize steps in the vertical direction, which correspond to the Pd(100) steps. In the current signal image, the same steps are visible and defined more

• hydrocarbons CnH2n+2, with water as byproduct [24]. We have investigated the reaction on Co nanoparticles deposited on an Al2O3 support, grown on a NiAl(110) single crystal. The NiAl(110) surface has been prepared by repeated cycles of Ar-ion sputtering (3 μA, 1 kV, 30 min) at room temperature followed by

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• polymerization, the resulting complexes were cooled down to room temperature, dissolved in DCM, and precipitated using an excess of cold diethyl ether. The precipitates were isolated by filtration using filter paper and dried under vacuum. The collected PEG–PCL NPs were then subjected to further characterization

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• mL) were dripped into Eudragit RS 100 suspension (2%, v/v, of Eudragit RS 30D, diluted with ddH2O) by using a syringe pump at a rate of 5 mL/h, and the dispersion was incubated on a magnetic stirrer (700 rpm, 10 min, room temperature). At the end of the incubation, coated NPs were centrifuged (10000g

• ) was added to the solution and incubated for another 30 min at room temperature. Finally, the absorbance of the solution was recorded at 550 nm in a UV spectrophotometer. To determine the mucoadhesion of the nanoparticles, EudAlg NPs was resuspended in mucin solution (final concentration 0.5 mg/mL, 2

• another glass vial, gelatin powder was dissolved in hot water (60 °C) to a final concentration of 10% (w/v), and 1 mL of prepared gelatin solution was hardened at room temperature in separate wells of a 24-well plate. The mucin solution (1 mL) was then placed on the hardened gelatin layer, and F-EudAlg

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• resistivity of ≥17.5 MΩ·cm was obtained from a Thermo Scientific Barnstead Smart2Pure Pro UV/UF 15 LPH Water Purification System. The experiments were performed at room temperature and in ambient air. Glassware was cleaned with aqua regia, thoroughly rinsed with water, and dried before use. Data analysis and

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• Kafi Devi Usha Rani Arun Kumar Divya Gupta Sanjeev Aggarwal Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.25 Abstract In this study, zinc telluride (ZnTe) films were grown on quartz substrates at room temperature, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500

• °C, and 600 °C using RF sputtering. The thickness of the films has been found to decrease from 940 nm at room temperature to 200 nm at 600 °C with increasing substrate temperature. The structural investigation using grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction revealed that films deposited at room

• II–VI semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 2.26 eV, which lies in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. ZnTe is a p-type semiconductor because of zinc vacancies and has a low electron affinity of 3.53 eV at room temperature [5]. It exists in both zincblende and wurtzite structures

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• mL of H2SO4 (98%) which intercalates between graphitic layers. Finely powdered KMnO4 (1.5 g) was slowly added (time span ≈30 min) to the reaction mixture under continuous stirring at 4 °C in an ice bath (0–5 °C). The reaction mixture was kept under vigorous stirring for 12 h at room temperature

• ) nanosheets was mixed with 15 mL of an aqueous solution of Chl diphosphate (250 μg/mL) under continuous stirring at room temperature in the dark for 24 h. The final GO–Chl nanoconjugate was collected by centrifugation at 9500 rpm for 15 min followed by freeze-drying. The supernatant was separated for

• buffer, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide for 4 h at 4 °C, and again washed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer. After that, cells were dehydrated using different percentages of acetone series (15–100%) and incubated with an AralditeR–DDSA mixture overnight at room temperature. The cell blocks were made

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• concentration in BerNPs was determined based on a berberine powder standard curve (SIGMA HPLC standard) at a wavelength of 350 nm. FE-SEM (Hitachi S-4800, Japan) was employed to determine the form and particle size of BerNPs. A small sample was placed on a copper net (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), dried at room

• temperature, and analyzed at a voltage of 10 kV [24]. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to evaluate the crystalline structure of berberine and BerNPs. FTIR spectra were analyzed to identify typical functional groups and chemical bonds in raw berberine and BerNPs [28]. Determination of minimum inhibitory

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• with varying standard electrochemical reduction potential (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, and Ti) was performed in the TMS of 1-nonanol and propylene carbonate under monophasic state conditions (85 °C). The gained colloids were cooled to room temperature by disabling the heating plate as it was observed that

• File 1, Figure S3. The temperature of the batch vessel was set to 85 °C to induce a conversion to the monophasic TMS. Afterward, the target material was ablated for 10 min followed by storage of the batch vessel at room temperature for two hours to attain phase separation. A slow cooling rate was

• chosen to avoid precipitation of the nanoparticles at the phase boundaries. Heating cycles were performed in a 50 mL vessel, which was heated up to 85 °C with a temperature ramp of 5 °C/min and temperature was held for 15 min. For the cooling of the colloid to room temperature, the heating was turned off

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• clay/Nb suspension was continuously stirred for 72 h at 65 °C. The color of the bentonite modified with niobium changes to light yellow (Figure 1b,c). Finally, after being cooled to room temperature, the suspensions were subjected to thermal treatment at 500 °C, with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. These