Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• nanoparticles, without doping or doped with rare earth metals, were designed in our labs for the use in MRI. Our studies showed that their effects on cells depend on the cell type, cluster design and concentration [158][159]. Asgari et al. [160] produced 50 nm SPION–carbon dot nanoparticles, which were designed

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• control of the powder temperature, and by reducing the competing Au cluster density (i.e., using a well-separated Au cluster or an abrupt gold film edge). This gives the possibility to look deeper into the laterally aligned NW growth and to achieve higher control of the resulting NW properties. To use the

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• 2e2/h [5][7]. Furthermore, conductance histograms of alkali metals and the direct comparison of conductance peak values with the magic numbers of cluster size suggest that the preferred electronic quantum modes influence the mechanically stable diameters [8][9]. This electronic shell effect was not

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• cluster used. We plan to use a more advanced and less memory-consuming method, FETD (finite elements in time domain, FEM), in the future. Conclusion This work presents synthesis and UV–vis absorption studies of Ag nanostructures deposited on glass or silicon substrates. As shown, the formation of

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• vacancy on the adsorption energy and geometry of single Cu adatoms and the Cu4 clusters. The results of this investigation show that the stability of small Cun clusters on a MoS2 ML is driven mainly by Cu–Cu interactions and not dependent on whether the cluster is 2D or 3D. Further, the density-of-states

• ) adsorbed on MoS2. The energy of a single gas phase Cu atom (ECu_atom) is multiplied by n, the number of Cu atoms in adsorbed Cun. 2. Binding energy with reference to a free Cun cluster: where ECu_cluster is the energy of the most favourable Cun nanocluster structure in vacuum. For two atoms, this is a Cu2

• dimer, for three atoms it is a triangle and for four atoms it is a tetrahedral configuration. 3. Addition energy: where n is the number of Cu atoms. This models adding a Cu atom to an existing adsorbed cluster with (n − 1) Cu atoms. For the calculations involving MoS2 with an S vacancy, the vacancy

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• Technological Research (CeFITec), Dept. de Física da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University 10.3762/bjnano.11.29 Abstract In the present study Ar+ cluster ions accelerated by voltages in the range of 5–10 kV are

• used to irradiate single crystal ZnO substrates and nanorods to fabricate self-assembled surface nanoripple arrays. The ripple formation is observed when the incidence angle of the cluster beam is in the range of 30–70°. The influence of incidence angle, accelerating voltage, and fluence on the ripple

• parallel steps or ribs. The more ordered ripple formation on nanorods can be associated with the confinement of the nanorod facets in comparison with the quasi-infinite surface of the flat substrates. Keywords: cluster ion bombardment; gas cluster ion beam; surface ripples; ZnO nanorods; Introduction The

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• molecular dynamics research package [25]. A part of the calculations was performed using the resources of the Information and Computing Center of the Novosibirsk State University. Results and Discussion Modelling a free spherical cluster of a copper/silicon alloy We considered a free spherical cluster of a

• copper/silicon alloy with a random distribution of atoms of 4.6 nm in size, with different silicon concentrations, obtained by cutting a sphere from an ideal fcc lattice as the initial object. Initially, the cluster was in the liquid state. The beginning of the cooling process was accompanied by the

• relaxation of the initial state at a temperature T = 1800 K. The cluster was cooled to a temperature of 300 K within the framework of the canonical ensemble using the Nose thermostat. The time step was τ = 1 fs. The cooling rate is 1 K/ps (1012 K/s). For the calculation, we used the speed variant of the

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• beam lithography and self-assembly methods to fabricate gold clusters of micrometer size and regular spacing. Subsequently, the detection resolution of 4-acetamidothiophenol was 0.05 g/L using the substrate. Nanoparticle cluster array structures with a size of 40 nm were fabricated by electron beam

• of copper structure and adjacent silver nanoparticle cluster structures where the scale is set to log|E/E0|. A new hot spot is generated due to the interaction with adjacent Ag nanoparticles. At the same time, the other hot spot between the Ag nanoparticle and the pile-up of copper structure is

• formed and the SERS hot spot intensity is greatly enhanced. The electric field intensity of the three adjacent Ag nanoparticle cluster structures on the pile-up of the Cu substrate is 380 V/m. The electric field intensity is further greatly enhanced compared with a single Ag nanoparticle on the pile-up

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• recently synthesized with the aim of producing powerful anti-pathogenic agents [4]. The so called “cluster glycoside effect” is the enhanced activity of a multivalent glycoderivative with respect to the monovalent saccharide [5]. Glycopolymers, i.e., polymers presenting pendant saccharides, are an

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• colocalized (Figure 2d). Hence, Cu is the only cation without an inverse relationship with Cl, suggesting that Cu and Cl must be partially colocalized in an associated phase. Figure 2d also shows that the data points of samples S2 and S1 cluster around the position of kuramite in the transformed space

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• presented in Figure 2b is the magnified image of the red squared region shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2b reveals that the cluster of about 40 nm in size, which is seen in Figure 2a, is formed by at least seven sub-10 nm nanocrystals. It is convenient to present d-spacing values for the identification of these

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• experimental details. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding from the German Science Foundation (SPP 1928 8481830/92, Excellence Cluster NIM). Moreover, the authors thank the Free State of Bavaria for funding in the context of the Research Network SolTech. The authors thank Dr. Markus Döblinger

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• is based on the 6-connected trimeric cluster [Fe3(μ3O)(COO)6] as secondary building unit (SBU) and tetratopic tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoate (TTFTB4−) ligands. This MOF shows a hierarchical structure with mesoporous channels of ≈3 nm and orthogonal microporous channels of ≈1 nm. In addition, it

• characterisation of C60@MUV-2 Synthesis and encapsulation of C60 into MUV-2 MUV-2 was synthesised as previously described based on the solvothermal reaction of tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoic acid (H4TTFTB), the preformed cluster [Fe3O(CH3COO)6]ClO4 and acetic acid as a modulator in dimethylformamide (DMF) [52

• dispersion corrections were performed to quantify the total stabilization gained when C60 interacts with MUV-2 in arrangements A and B. Interaction energies (Eint) were calculated for the cluster C60@TTFTB at the B3LYP-D3/6-31G** level of theory with counterpoise correction, using the minimum-energy geometry

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• size of whole clusters was around 100 nm, which is much larger than the diameter as determined by TEM. This discrepancy might be due to nanoprobe cluster formation in water. Nanoparticles of diameter around 110 nm can successfully escape the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• cluster DFT calculations, as described previously [44]. ESP values for the symmetry unique atoms of MFU-4 and SF6 are displayed in the Supporting Information File 1 in Figure S13. Prior to the potential energy scan, all atomic positions of the MFU-4 unit cell were fully relaxed at tight convergence

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• flexible MOFs are being reported and their use in the areas of storage [4], separation [5] and sensing [6] of gases is being evaluated; their structural flexibility and adsorption behavior can be manipulated by applying chemical functionalization to the ligand [7] and metal cluster [8]. However, recent

• cluster of 1.5 nm, which is in good agreement with the lattice parameter and the inter-cluster distance of the DUT-98op crystal structure (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8). The regular arrangement of the clusters indicates a high symmetry that matches the tetragonal symmetry in DUT-98op. In

• contrast, the DUT-98cp phase would exhibit a different microscopic structure due to the lower, monoclinic symmetry. In addition, no missing cluster or linker defects could be detected that are well-known for Zr-MOFs [36][37], demonstrating that the observed behavior does not depend on increasing

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• clusters on the nanoflake surfaces, and the oxygen atoms are released from the nanoflakes, while the W–O networks reconstruct to form WO3. A possible mechanism that accounts for the observed processes of Bi cluster formation and oxygen release under energetic electron irradiation is also discussed

• . Local electric fields contribute to the observed process of Bi cluster formation and oxygen release. Our experimental results suggest that the use of energetic electrons in a TEM is an effective means to induce oxygen vacancies or other defects in bismuth tungsten oxides. We suggest that it is possible

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• ) Nonlinear transmission measurement setup for the Fe3O4 SA. (d) Nonlinear optical absorption characteristics of the FONP-based SA. (a) Energy-dispersive spectroscopy, (b) Raman spectroscopy, (c) X-ray diffraction pattern, and (d) UV–vis–NIR spectrum of the as-prepared Fe3O4 cluster-structured nanoparticles

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• interdipole spacing much smaller than the wavelength of interest [44][45][47]. Therefore, in the present case, 4 × 105 dipoles were used for the target, corresponding to an interdipole spacing of less than 0.5 nm. Results and Discussion In this study, AuNTs consist of a cluster of Au nanoparticles aggregated

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• precipitation technique can reduce the ability of a solvent to disperse clusters by adding a miscible non-solvent to the cluster agglomeration point. The larger clusters are first aggregated due to the greater van der Waals attraction between the clusters, and the clusters aggregated can be precipitated by

• %, F72%, and F90%). Due to the fractionation process, these AuNCs are monodisperse relative to the crude product. The AuNC image was analyzed and a histogram was prepared for all AuNCs fractions, as shown in the right panel of Figure 3. The average cluster size is 3.0 ± 0.6, 2.3 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.4 and 1.2

• clusters at the median cluster size, especially for small AuNCs. For example, 6% of the crude product of AuNCs was 1.2 nm in diameter but after the fractionation process, 26% of the AuNCs in the fraction of F72% were 1.2 nm. This indicates that the composition of the water/acetone mixed solvent greatly

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• asking for complex models in order to be fully understood. In [26], the substrate has been treated as an additional ligand. By attaching this cluster to the metal center, a model for the formation of molecule–surface bonds was proposed. Yet, the band character of the metallic substrate is partially lost

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• nonwetting substrates, suspension droplets typically leave a deposit of particles after evaporation of the solvent in the form of a cluster [54][55][56]. For instance, to maintain its contact angle on nonwetting surface like HOPG, the inward motion of the shrinking droplet will sweep away all particles from

• the HOPG terraces except those that settle on the wall of the step edges. Consequently, a cluster of deposited particles will be observed in the end whereas other areas of the substrate will be free from such particles. Thus, in principle, no particles should be found on the nonwetting HOPG terraces

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• experimental value of ≈14, which further agrees with a value of 12 obtained from an earlier theory of small cluster models of a metal–benzenethiol complex excited at 785 nm wavelength [16]. Our values further agree well with experimental CE values of ≈11 for 785 nm and 8 ± 2 for 633 nm obtained on a rough gold

• spectral variations are found to be sensitive to the electronic structures of the metal–molecule hybrid state. The calculated electronic excitation spectra of different complexes are quite dissimilar, which is related to the relative orientation of the benzene ring with respect to the cluster, the local

• molecule–metal complex, which includes the relative orientation of the molecule with respect to the metal cluster, the local symmetry of molecule, and the proximity of the particular vibrational mode to the binding site all contribute to SERS. Besides, specific properties of the Raman response are strongly

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• dependent study shows the formation of small gold nuclei that in time cluster together forming nanowire-like structures concomitant to the first color change. The second change of color, from ink-black to purple, is accompanied by an enhancement of the scattering, giving the purple solution a brown

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• (111) system, revealing the formation of small 2D clusters, preferentially located at the kinks of the characteristic herringbone structure. Their variable size is typically a few nanometers in diameter. The estimated average apparent height of the cluster formations was 70 pm. After the N2O cluster

• ), which revealed elongated structures; we attribute these to individual flat-lying N2O molecules. In a cluster, typically composed of 5–25 molecules, the N2O molecules have a preferential short-range arrangement of rotationally symmetrical trimers, with intermolecular distances of about 4.3 Å. A DFT

• , due to their slightly different polarization. The calculations reveal that the preferred orientation of the N2O molecules in the clusters is with the O atoms outward (Figure 1b), being 17 meV more stable than the opposite arrangement. Using the optimized geometry of the cluster obtained from DFT