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Search for "gel" in Full Text gives 390 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
- ]. Godavarthi et al. used seaweed (Sargassum fluitans) to synthesize N-CDs. 1H NMR and 13C NMR were used to analyze Sargassum fluitans and showed that amino acids acted as a nitrogen source, for the preparation of N-CDs. The reported N-CDs were used as a fluorescence probe to detect DNA, and gel electrophoresis
- the recombination of trapped excitons causes the redshifted emission. Liu et al. reported the synthesis of highly photoluminescent CDs, which were then further separated into yellow emitting crystalline graphene quantum dots and green emitting amorphous carbon nanodots using a silica gel column. Even
Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92
- silsesquioxane, chitosan–nanoSiO2–chondroitin sulphate, chitosan–nanoSiO2–gelatin, and chitosan–bioglass/hydroxyapatite/halloysite nanotubes have remarkable osteogenic characteristics [82][83][84][123]. Chitosan and silica-based microspheres were produced by using sol–gel followed by emulsification and cross
Solar-light-driven LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79
- ), Chengalpattu district, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India 10.3762/bjnano.13.79 Abstract LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides were prepared by the sol–gel method under various conditions, including different pH values (pH 0 and pH 7) and different calcination temperatures (500–800 °C) as well as different Fe/Ni
- nanoparticles via the sol–gel method to decompose rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation. With the assistance of H2O2, it shows a synergistic effect between photocatalytic reaction and heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reaction [23]. Furthermore, the strategies of being loaded over supports (such as g-C3N4
- sol–gel solution could help the separation of LaFexNi1−xO3 crystals, leading to less particle aggregation. Moreover, the elemental analysis of the samples was also carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS). The Fe contents of the samples with different Fe/Ni atomic ratios were identified
Hierarchical Bi2WO6/TiO2-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66
- deposited onto cellulose nanofiber templates by the surface sol−gel method according to a previous report (Figure 1a, Figure 1b) [31]. The as-prepared TiO2-gel/cellulose-fiber composite was calcined in air at 450 °C (heating rate: 1 °C/min) for 6 h to give the hierarchical structure of TiO2 nanotubes
- pure TiO2-NT sample without any of the subsequent treatments. The Bi2WO6 powder sample was fabricated by the same solvothermal reaction without the addition of the powder containing hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes. The TiO2 sample without the cellulose template was prepared by the simple sol−gel method
- nanocomposites were fabricated by depositing Bi2WO6 nanoparticles onto the hierarchical TiO2 tubes via the solvothermal method, where the TiO2 tubes were obtained by the calcination of the TiO2-gel/cellulose composite, which in turn was prepared through the surface sol−gel method. According to the theoretical
Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47
- substrate. This was done for three repeated passages. Cells were digested with trypsin and counted before other experiments were carried out [44]. Preparation of polyacrylamide (PAA) gel substrates The preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness referred to the experimental method of
- the addition of 10% ammonium persulfate and 0.1% TEMED. After the mixture was fully mixed, 25 μL of this mixture was absorbed onto the treated glass slide, and the treated cover glass was quickly covered. After the gel was cross-linked for about 20 min, the cover glass was lightly removed, placed into
- ][47]. This method can be used to measure the Young's modulus and calculate cellular viscosity directly from the measured force spectrum. For morphometric analysis, cells (2 × 104 cells/mL) cultured on PAA gel with different stiffness for 48 h were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and washed
Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43
- on agarose gel as an in vitro model of human skin showed that the formula was able to fully perforate the agarose gel. Moreover, this formula showed significantly greater antimicrobial activity (p < 0.0001) compared to a free gel of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus in an agarose gel-based
- model. This was evidenced by a zone of inhibition of 29 mm for the microneedle formulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP_MN1) compared to 2 mm for the free gel of ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the CIP_MN1 showed complete dissolution in human skin after 60 min from application. Finally, the skin deposition of
- CIP_MN1 was investigated in ex vivo excised human skin. CIP_MN1 showed significantly more deposition of ciprofloxacin in deeper skin layers compared to the free gel of ciprofloxacin, and the released ciprofloxacin from the microneedles tends to migrate to deeper layers with time. Collectively, these
Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41
- size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%), and in vitro release. The best ETH formulation was used to prepare the ethosome-based gel (ETHG) by using Carbopol 980 as a gelling agent at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The gel formulation was evaluated
- had a long-term effect due to the stability of EGCG. The findings of the study underline the potential of antioxidant and antiaging effects of the developed ethosomal formulations for use in the cosmetic field. Keywords: antioxidant effect; antiaging effect; epigallocatechin gallate; ethosomal gel
- enhancing their effectiveness [13][15]. Permanence in the application area is important in topically applied formulations. Given their viscous structure, gel formulations can increase the residence time of a given substance on the skin and contribute to the penetration of drugs by moisturizing the skin as
Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40
- methods used for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles, solution synthesis methods such as sol–gel [22], chemical precipitation [23], polyol [24], and solvothermal [25] methods, are inexpensive, consume little energy, allow for a facile control of physical characteristics and morphology of the nanoparticles, offer
- ) [12] was carried out as well. Chou et al. employed a simple and rapid method, namely pulsed laser-induced photolysis to develop Au NPs on the surface of ZnO nanorods fabricated by the sol–gel method (Figure 2c,d) [38]. Various irradiation times were tested, indicating that a short irradiation time was
- morphology for SERS measurements can be fabricated using various methods, including sol–gel synthesis [38], thermal deposition [31][32], chemical vapour deposition [42], or electrodeposition [35], which resulted in 1.2 μm high, vertically aligned nanorods of 60 nm diameter. It was observed that thermal
A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34
- at room temperature (25 °C). The precipitate obtained after the polymerization was filtered and purified by 0.2 M hydrochloric acid and acetone. Subsequently, pure polyaniline was dried over silica gel in a desiccator for 24 h. Next, the dispersion solutions were prepared by mixing 24 mg PANI and 5
- dispersion solutions were deposited by a micropipette on the interdigitated electrode arrays. After that, the deposited sensor layers were dried using the integrated heating elements at 60 °C for 2 h and whole sensor array was subsequently dried in a desiccator over silica gel for 24 h. Before the deposition
Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31
- as potential candidates for bone TE due to osteoblast attachment and corrosion resistance [141]. Wan et al. used bacterial cellulose as a template to synthesize calcined mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes and constructed a nanotube-based scaffold using a template-assisted sol–gel method [142]. In addition to
A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9
- [14]. Most of the configuration changes of the photonic bandgap in opal and inverse opal structures occur due to swelling or compression of the polymer matrix or gel. To date, four main methods for the modification of photonic crystals are used for the creation of stimuli-responsive materials: (a
Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7
- of Sn at the surface of SnO2 plays a role in the reversible transformation of the surface composition from Sn4+ cations to Sn2+, which leads to active centers in the surface chemical process [48]. Moreover, the OVs in SnO2 often appear when it is synthesized by chemical methods such as sol–gel
- materials, preferably using two redox sites; (3) synthesizing other morphologies of SnO2 such as nanorods, nanotubes, or 3D structures to increase the specific surface area of the catalyst; (4) upscaling the syntheses and using other synthesis approaches such as sol–gel or chemical vapor deposition to form
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- volume of all samples was completed to 250 µL with HBG. In the N/P calculation, 3 nmol of P per µg of dRNA or dDNA and 10 nmol of N per 0.9 µg of bPEI (25 kDa) were assumed [49]. The loading efficiency was checked by gel electrophoresis. Typically, 1.2 g of agarose was dissolved in 100 mL of tris-borate
- -EDTA (TBE) (Alfa Aesar, USA) buffer and boiled at 100 °C. After cooled down to 70 °C, 4 µL of ethidium bromide (10 mg/mL) was added and the gel was poured into a gel electrophoresis unit. A volume of 50 µL of the solutions containing 4 µg of PIC were mixed with 5 µL of a 6× DNA gel-loading buffer
- solution, added into the gel wells, and separated under an electric field (80 mV, 400 mA) for 60 min using a Bio-Rad Mini-Sub Cell GT Cell. DLS and zeta potential measurements The hydrodynamic radius and ζ-potential of the nanoparticles were determined using a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99
- by iron, nickel, and zinc ferrite. Furthermore, PMA-coated nanoparticles exhibit a small change in saturation magnetization, which is still enough to manipulate NPs using an external magnetic field [28]. The uniform size distribution of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Zn, Ni) NPs was confirmed by agarose gel
- gel, which indicates shearing of DNA as a result of apoptosis in treated cells. These findings indicated that drug-loaded NPs cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells via oxidative stress leading to apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. Functionalized MFe2O4 NPs alter Ki-67 and p53 expression in treated cells
- ZS (Malvern Instruments, 69 UK) and the uniform size distribution by gel electrophoresis (GE BIORAD). Drug attachment and drug release analyses were performed by using UV–vis spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Evo 220). Phase transfer, polymer coating, and purification of MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) NPs
Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92
- Technology, Shirgaon, Virar East, Maharastra, 401305, India Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar-845401, India 10.3762/bjnano.12.92 Abstract In the present article, an ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte was synthesized by using poly(vinylidene
- conductivity of σ = 8.9 × 10−3 S·cm−1. The temperature dependence of the prepared polymer gel electrolytes follows the thermally activated behavior of the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation. The total ionic transference number was ≈0.91 with a wider electrochemical potential window of 4.0 V for the prepared
- electrolyte film which contains 30 wt % of the ionic liquid. The optimized films have good potential to be used as electrolyte materials for energy storage applications. Keywords: ionic liquid; polymer gel electrolytes; solution casting technique; transference number; Introduction For the past two decades
Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88
- are used as sensing material [57]. Proposed growth model for fab-fracs This section specifically discusses the various parameters that influence the final shape of a lab-grown fab-frac using the sol–gel technique. Nucleation is a random and probabilistic event that happens on a substrate. As a fluid
- to some excellent articles on hierarchical gas sensors that address such geometries [8][30][33][37]. Tin oxide-based fractals Yin et al. reported SnO2 nanoparticles with and without platinum (Pt) decoration synthesized using a sol–gel hydrothermal technique for gas sensing applications [63]. Figure
- geometry. Plugotarenko et al. employed sol–gel method to prepare SiO2·SnOx·CuOy nanofilms from a tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) alcohol solution modified by metal salts and applied the samples for NO2 sensing [50]. The SiO2·SnOx·CuOy films annealed at 500 °C exhibited a sample surface consisting of crater-like
Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85
- storage modulus (G') value of about 2000 Pa, and can be used for imaging three-dimensional cytoskeletal materials. After human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured for 72 h in the 3D fiber hydrogel, the cell viability in the 3D gel was subsequently verified. Only a few dead cells were observed
The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69
- carrageenan gel retaining the antibacterial property [85]. A study based on an injectable composite of carrageenan and nanoscale hydroxyapatite as an injectable bone substitute showed good adhesion properties with no cytotoxicity in vitro, as shown in Figure 6 [116]. The nanocomposite also exhibited
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43
- , replacing the dialysate every 24 h. The product was extensively characterized. It was a citrate-coated 4.2 nm ceria [35]. Lanthanides (LN) resin (100 to 150 μm) was obtained from Eichrom Technologies LLC, Lisle, IL, 60532. Hydroxyapatite (Bio-Gel HTP, 10 to 90 μm) was obtained from Bio-Rad. Cerium was
Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co3O4 anode material for Li-ion batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34
- been proposed including sol–gel methods [4][6][13][14][15], sol–electrospinning techniques [16][17][18][19], hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], precipitation and co-precipitation [29][30][31], chemical thermal decomposition and pyrolysis [32][33][34][35][36
- ]. During the typical SCS process, the initial phase is carried out at low temperatures and is associated with the evaporation of water or solvent. This allows for the formation of a gel, which acts as the precursor in the main part of the self-propagation reaction. This step is carried out at elevated
- gel-like SEI layer, which provides some additional reversible capacity apart from the reversible conversion reactions occurring on the electrodes [4][15][17][19][21][24][26][29][34][37][40][52]. This additional lithium storage is often referred to as “pseudo capacitive” mechanism [25][29]. It is also
A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32
- perception. Figure 6e shows the circuit diagram of the signal-processing unit. Experimental In this work, a simple method for fabricating a TENG is proposed. First, a layer of cured silicone rubber film (Smoth-on, Ecoflex 00-20) was prepared. Gel A and gel B were mixed together with a volume ratio of 1:1 in
Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29
- dielectric properties (e.g., SiO2 and ZnO) exhibit a dependence of the electrical resistance with temperature [22][23]. SiO2 and ZnO films are obtained by various deposition techniques, such as matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) [24][25], spin coating of sol–gel precursor solutions [26], radio
Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28
- % nickel. A metal loading between 5% and 20% on graphene oxide is common [49]. WO3 nanopowder synthesis The tungsten oxide nanopowder was prepared by a sol–gel method according to [52]. The phase composition was analyzed using P-XRD. The P-XRD pattern shows reflexes only of monoclinic tungsten oxide
- prepared according to [52] using the sol–gel method. A 1.23 mol/L aqueous solution of sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO3⋅2H2O) was added into a 12 mol/L aqueous solution of nitric acid under constant rapid stirring. The prepared sol of tungstic acid was washed in distilled water using multiple
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