Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• should be closely monitored, as cell death can be misinterpreted as efficient inhibition, especially in metabolism-based assays. For these inhibitors that involve the permeablization of plasma membranes, such as filipin III, appropriate controls for plasma membrane integrity during the inhibition

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• NP interaction with cell membranes in order to eliminate the participation of transcellular transport was also investigated. In fact, TEM micrographs revealed a small number of 18 nm AuNPs undergoing endocytosis. However, subsequent studies with a cocktail of endocytosis inhibitors confirmed the

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• nanoparticles exhibit various effects (e.g., homotypic targeting, prolonging drug circulation, regulating the immune system, and penetrating biological barriers) after encapsulation by cancer cell membranes. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods will also be improved by utilizing the properties

• of cancer cell membranes. In this review, different properties and functions of cancer cell membranes are presented. Utilizing these advantages, nanoparticles can exhibit unique therapeutic capabilities in various types of diseases, such as solid tumors, hematological malignancies, immune system

• membranes, provides a new approach to address NP deficiencies [9]. The encapsulation of NPs with cell membranes can endow the NPs with biomimetic functions and replicate the biological characteristics derived from the original cells, such as the immune evasion of erythrocytes [10] and platelets [11] and the

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• applications. However, nucleic acids are intrinsically unstable in serum and do not readily cross the cellular plasma membranes. Accordingly, it is a big challenge to deliver them in the intact form into target cells. Conventional gene transfection reagents are not very good candidates, since multiple positive

• charges of high density can damage the membranes and organelles of normal cells. With the use of CyD-based DDSs, however, high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity have been accomplished with minimal immune stimulation. The preorganized three-dimensional molecular structure of CyD as well as the

• photocatalytic process destroy subcellular structures (e.g., cell membranes or organelle membranes). Various types of cancers are effectively treatable without significant side effects. However, most photosensitizers available at present are hydrophobic and easily aggregate in aqueous solution. Thus, the

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• electric power generation. Among various fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received considerable attention because of several physicochemical advantages over other fuel cell types [1][2][3][4][5]. PEMFCs, constructed of polymer electrolyte membranes as the proton conductor

• cost of PEMFCs depend on the materials used to construct their major components, which are anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membranes [3][6]. Therefore, supplying good-performance materials with controlled nanostructures to fuel cell technology is a crucial issue [7]. One solution to this

• catalysts in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of PEMFCs fed with H2/air. The materials with Pt deposited on Vulcan XC-72R (samples A and B), like commercial catalysts, formed a good quality catalyst layer on the Nafion membranes. However, we encountered some issues during electrode preparation from the

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• coupling was proven in doubly clamped beams, square membranes and circular membranes [18][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For atomic force microscopy imaging, a slight angle between the sensing mechanical resonator and the sample of interest is required, ensuring that the only contact occurs between the sample

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• optical imaging, the device could be equipped with one or more piezoelectrically excited membranes coupled with a sensing mechanism, such as an AFM cantilever or other type of mechanical sensor (similar stand-alone developments already exist [31][32]). The mechanical response of the membrane could be

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• segmentation of the water conduit network into compartments. Each pit pore connects two conduits, and this joint pore space is separated by a special nanoporous membrane, the pit membrane (Figure 4). When a conduit becomes dysfunctional due to embolism, the nanopores within the pit membranes prevent the

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• , mixtures of oil (nonpolar) and water (polar) are easily separated. A promising application of nanofur is therefore the cleaning of oil spills [23][31]. This behavior can be also utilized for the fabrication of membranes that filter oil out of water (or vice versa) [17]. For that, the nanofur is perforated

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• recognition of biomolecules (Figure 2) [38]. The sensing films of poly(EDOT-OH) with either R or S chirality were directly synthesized on the surface of the QCM electrode and engineered with different morphologies of nanotubular arrays and smooth membranes. The binding effects of fetal bovine serum, RGD

• -alanine was 307.97% more enantioselective than ᴅ-alanine. Similar enantioselectivity could also be achieved by Al/ʟ-Cys MLD films [123]. The methodology is also versatile and promising for the deposition of chiral thin films over any substrates or membranes of interest, which may promote the exploration

• oligomers, and the subsequent fibrillation process. The results give interesting insights into the crucial roles of biological membranes on protein amyloidosis, and how intrinsic chirality contributes to this process. It also brings the prospect of chiral-modified carbon nanostructures for biological and

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• liquids, the selection of ion-permeable membranes, and the effects of surface functional groups are discussed in detail in the paper and will not be repeated here. By adding an ion-selective membrane, ion concentration diffusion can take place in the fluid, not just in the bulk material. This innovation

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• , •O2−, O2 formed on the surface of ZnO NPs, will break bacterial cell membranes and enter the cells destroying organelles and ultimately inhibiting and shutting off bacteria metabolism [37][38]. The •OH radical is the most active oxidant which rapidly reacts with bacterial nucleic acids, lipids

• bacterial cell membranes, inhibiting amino acid metabolism and disrupting the bacterial cell enzymatic system [43][44][45]. Conclusion ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a green method using rosin extracted from Pinus latteri trees in Vietnam. The XRD diagram of synthesized ZnO showed that ZnO has the

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• by the use of vacuum filtration to separate the hydrothermal product. The hydrochar was refluxed in nitric and sulfuric acid, and dialysis membranes of different sizes were used to get CDs emitting four different colors, that is, blue, green, yellow, and red (Figure 7A,B) [118]. EDTA was used in a

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) The viability of mesenchymal stem cells in the developed electrospun membranes Live (green) and dead (red) staining of cells after 24 h of incubation. (b) Chitosan-based nanofibers without the addition of graphene oxide or (c) containing 1 wt

• % of graphene oxide. SEM images show the geometry of MSCs on the surface of membranes containing (d) 0% of graphene oxide, (e) 0.5% graphene oxide, (f) 1, (g) 1.5, and (h) 2% of graphene oxide. Figure 6 was reprinted from [72], Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 70, by N. Mahmoudi; A. Simchi

• , “On the biological performance of graphene oxide-modified chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone nanocomposite membranes: In vitro and in vivo effects of graphene oxide”, pages 121–131, Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Alkaline phosphatase activity in

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• and promotes their attachment to the bacterial surface/membrane residues [85]. HDPs have properties of cell-penetrating peptides and can translocate across membranes of prokaryotic, but also eukaryotic, cells [90]. The main mode of action of these peptides is promotion of adhesion through the cationic

• groups to the anionic bacterial membranes and their lipopolysaccharides (a component of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria), enabling insertion into the membrane driven by clusters of hydrophobic residues [85][91]. As a consequence, the microbial membranes are permeabilized, associated

• be used to generate self-assembled membranes, allowing for the adhesion of endothelial cells on the one side and smooth muscle cells on the other side, as well as the diffusion of relevant molecules, making this material promising for vascular tissue engineering [170]. In addition to flat films or

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• for cell invasion [25][26]. Our results suggest that stiff substrates promote the protrusion of the leading edge of cancer cell membranes to guide cell motility. The average surface roughness of cells on extracellular environments with different stiffness is shown in Figure 3d. PC-3 cells showed a

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• their interaction with skin cells is high. They are unique systems that can be easily shaped by the presence of ethanol in their structures, and their vesicle membranes become very flexible such that they can be transported through pores much smaller than their own diameters [20][21]. In addition, the

• liposomes, which have limited skin penetration and mostly remain in the upper layer of the stratum corneum. The release of the therapeutic agent occurs by the fusion of these vesicles with the cell membranes in the deeper layers of the skin [11]. ETHs have been reported to help many active substances to be

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• Abstract Ultrathin membranes with subnanometer pores enabling molecular size-selective separation were generated on surfaces via electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The evolution of p-terphenylthiol (TPT) SAMs on Au(111) surfaces into cross-linked monolayers was observed

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• these, proton-conducting solid materials show significant potential in the development of novel membranes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, PEM electrolyzers, and for humidity sensors [5][6][7]. The goal is to overcome the restrictions of state-of-the-art proton-conducting membrane

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• expect this difference is due to the influence of hydrated soft tissues (e.g., membranes and muscles) that are attached to the interior wall of the tibial cuticle. In our study, we carefully removed the inner tissues, whereas the previous studies have been performed on the whole tibia. Conclusion The

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• small voltage and controlling the airflow between the two cavities. The system can also be used for molecular sieving of gases and the aspiration and dispensing of liquids by introducing pores in the graphene membranes. NEM physical unclonable functions Just as NEM switches use the pull-in instability

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• , interesting and innovative nanofiber-based scaffolds have been developed using electrospinning methods in which the concentration distributions of two bioactive agents were applied [117] or a range of membranes with different proportions of components were prepared to mimic the zonal matrix of the bone

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O.Box 84428. Riyadh 116711, Saudi Arabia 10.3762/bjnano.13.26 Abstract Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes are potentially useful in gas separation applications. Conventional

• methods of MOF membrane preparation require multiple steps and high-pressure conditions. In this study, a reliable one-step interfacial synthesis method under atmospheric pressure has been developed to prepare zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes supported on porous α-Al2O3 disks. To obtain

• optimal ZIF-8 membranes, three reaction parameters were investigated, namely, reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentration of the organic linker (i.e., 2-methylimidazole). The growth of ZIF-8 membranes under various parameters was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and the

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature. After overnight incubation with anti-HSP70 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technologies, #4872) or anti-ACTB (Cell Signaling Technologies, #4970) at 4 °C, membranes

• were washed with 1× TBST for three times and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit secondary antibody (Thermo Scientific). Membranes were washed three times with 1× TBST and rinsed in H2O2/DAB substrate mixture until the reaction proceeded to the desired intensity

• . Finally, membranes were washed in water, dried and photographed by ChemiDoc™ MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad). Densitometric quantification analysis was performed using the built-in Image Lab software. Relative expression levels were presented as ratios of band intensities of HSP70 over the internal control