Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• (Figure 4C), corroborating the cargo release from BMV VLP inside tumor cells and gene silencing. BMV VLPs as siAkt1 nanocarriers The anti-cancer siRNA Akt1 (siAkt1) was also encapsidated in BVM-VLPs (Figure 4B). Akt1 is a kinase involved in the processes of cell proliferation, migration and transformation

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• carrier. The present work aims to synthesize poly(1-vinylimidazole) for the delivery of anti-VEGF siRNA to lung cancer cells and explore for the first time the effect of VEGF silencing on differential expression of genes and on cell viability, migration and chemosensitization. Experimental Materials PVI

• λex of 550 nm and λem of 570 nm were purchased from Eurofins Genomics, USA. Scrambled siRNA (sense 5′-ACG-UGA-CAC-GUU-CGG-AGA-A55-3′, antisense: 5′-UUC-UCC-GAA-CGU-GUC-ACG-U55-3′) procured from Eurogentech, USA was used for comparison in the study. Migration transwell inserts (8 µm) pore size were

• polyplex) containing a final concentration of 100 nM siRNA and incubated for specified periods of time. The cells were imaged using an inverted microscope to observe the effect of the treatment on the tubular network. Migration analysis Wound healing assay: To evaluate the gene silencing effect of the

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• hybridization of the invading strand with original strands, followed by a progressive branch migration of the invading domain to finally displace the protector ssDNA. The process is energetically favored since the reverse reaction is slower by several orders of magnitude. When the protector strand possesses a

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• organic cation, M2+ is a divalent metal, and X− is a halide anion [57]. The overall 2D structure is stabilized via van der Waals interactions. Importantly, the 2D perovskite structure can also be considered as a multiple-quantum-well structure, which obviously suppresses the ion migration that is evident

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• engineering [1][2] as they affect many cell functions such as cell migration [3][4], attachment, proliferation [5][6] and differentiation [7][8]. Substrate stiffness and topography are two of the most important ECM physical parameters in regulating cell functions [9]. A previous study shows that cells

• acoustic images depict more details of the real nanostructures at higher contrast and lower noise. Influences of substrate stiffness on L929 cell morphology and migration After substrate fabrication, we cultured L929 cells on the undeveloped SU-8 films of different stiffness and on a reference glass

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• study on C/F-codoped (001)-TiO2 concluded that C/F atoms preferentially replaced O atoms on the (001) face, resulting in a surface conduction layer that could promote the migration of photo-generated carriers [19]. N/P-codoping of (001)-TiO2 resulted in a reduction of the band gap from 3.20 to 2.48 eV

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• but suffer from poor cyclic performance due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a lightweight nanoporous TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared and utilized as an interlayer between a Li anode and a sulfur cathode to suppress the polysulfide migration and improve the

• and GO sheets exhibit excellent adhesion, which ensures efficient electron transfer from the GO sheet to nanoporous TiO2. The use of TiO2/GO composites as an interlayer can greatly suppress the migration of polysulfides due to their physical and chemical interactions with dissolved polysulfides

• redox peaks with the increase in the current rate. However, the peak separation at a high current rate of 3 C still exhibits pronounced peaks. The excellent rate capability of the Li/S batteries with the TiO2/GO coated separator suggests that the migration of polysulfides has been effectively restrained

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• numerous surface active sites that facilitate the migration of ions. Therefore, upon electron-beam irradiation, Bi–O bonds will first break under the influence of the induced electric field. The resultant Bi cations migrate towards the periphery of the irradiation region to form a ca. 4 nm amorphous layer

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• mainly from the quick migration of photoelectrons from the conduction band of TiO2/diatomite to the surface of BiOCl, which promotes the separation effect and reduces the recombination rate of the photoelectron–hole pair. Due to the excellent catalytic performance, the BTD composite shows great potential

• good cyclic ability and stability. Photocatalytic mechanism analysis In order to reveal the photocatalytic mechanism, we observe the optical, photochemical and electrochemical properties to study the energy band structure and carrier migration pathway of BTD. Figure 8a presents the UV–vis diffuse

• TiO2/diatomite: Therefore, the positions of the valence band (VB) for BiOCl and TiO2/diatomite are 2.64 V and 2.14 V, respectively. The photocatalytic activity is determined not only by the band structure but also by the carrier transport efficiency [47]. In order to study the carrier migration

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• facilitates the generation of more effective photo-induced charges and accelerates the migration speed of electrons, resulting in a lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers [40][41][42][43]. Figure 7b shows that a smaller high-frequency semicircle was obtained with 2.5 wt % Au/CBO than with

• pristine CBO, certifying the faster electron migration in 2.5 wt % Au/CBO. In order to investigate the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of TC over the 0D/1D Au/CBO composite photocatalyst, the main radical species were detected through quenching experiments. Isopropanol (IPA), disodium

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• cathode surface. The presence of the acidic medium, in fact, can favour the proton migration from the anode to the cathode surface leading to an increase of the half-cell potential [70]. The power output of the EBC was different for the two pH values. Compared to pH 7 the cell working at pH 5.5 exhibits

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• to the step is localized closely to the top of the valence band compared to a more distant oxygen atom, resulting in decrease of oxygen vacancy formation energy and consequent vacancy migration towards the step. This geometry produces a massive positive charge pinned around a vacancy, see Figure 5c

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• Warburg impedance declines after introducing oxygen, indicating an increase in the migration resistance, while the diameter of the semicircle remains almost unchanged after oxygenation, suggesting a stable interfacial resistance in the cell. The increasing impedance right after the Warburg region observed

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• photocatalytic performance of CdIn2S4 alone is barely satisfactory, mainly due to the low separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. The construction of a heterojunction by combination with semiconductor materials is expected to be a strategy to improve the separation of

• this, a transient photocurrent response measurement is employed to evaluate the charge migration and separation efficiency of the as-obtained photocatalysts. Transient photocurrents of g-C3N4, CCN and CISCCN3 are studied during the on–off cycles with intermittent exposure of visible-light excitation

• composite photocatalyts with enhanced visible-light absorption and highly efficient charge migration and separation. Experimental Sample preparation Self-doped carbon/g-C3N4 structures were prepared according to the literature [32]. In detail, 1 g of melamine powder was first dispersed in 300 mL of

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• for Li2Sx absorbed on a 1T'-MoS2 monolayer are shown in Figure 4. In contrast to the case of Li2Sx absorbed on the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, the charge redistribution is more apparent, indicating the strong trapping ability for Li2Sx. For both 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers, there is no charge migration

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• -assembled structures at room temperature. An energy barrier around 0.03 eV would allow for free migration of the molecules on the surface at room temperature. We see that for all TMPP–Ag(111) systems the smallest barrier between two points is slightly smaller than 0.1 eV. This is the energy difference

• prefactor in the Boltzmann distribution law, even at a sub-monolayer coverage a large number of molecules are mobile on the surface. Also, following the same argumentation we can say that the direction of migration is not restricted from bridge to hollow positions. While the energy barrier along the bridge

• ”, “i” “h” and “b”. Indeed, we expect the self-assembly process to be driven by the opposing trends of assuming the energetically most favorable configuration and intermolecular repulsion. In addition, migration on the surface occurs through passing from one of the four positions investigated by us (or

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• they may come in contact with the nutrient product. It is of great importance to avoid the migration of such chemical additives. Today inorganic containers are thought to play the dual role of embedding a specific agent to avoid its ingress into a polymer as well as providing the complementary

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• by [PbX6]4− octahedra in which the Cs+ ions reside in the periphery of this network [9][10]. These PNCs are prone to structural instabilities and phase transformations involving ion migration and interface hydration [11]. However, this phase and structure versatility has become the great advantage of

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

• Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

• vacancy generation event involves chalcogen atom removal) [23]. If the fluence is enough, multiple generated vacancies can subsequently merge through the migration processes [15][24], leading to a creation of more complex defects. Additionally, the incident ion can become embedded into the 2D material

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• ) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms

• migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag

• migration of the sublayer atoms inside a plasmonic layer was first discovered by Majni et al. [22], as the interdiffusion process of Au and Cr films deposited on silicon substrates. Ten years later, Wachs et al. [23] showed that when silver layers are deposited on top of germanium, Ge atoms migrate through

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• volatilize from the polymer, reducing the anti-aging efficiency and increasing environmental pollution [6]. Therefore, it is of interest to explore novel multifunctional additives for polymers with high anti-aging performance together with high migration resistance. Recently, inorganic–organic hybrid

• functional additives have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in polymers [7]. Organic anti-aging species have been immobilized onto inorganic supports (e.g., carbon nanotubes, SiO2, graphene oxide) to produce inorganic–organic composites with higher migration resistance [8][9][10

• . Polypropylene (PP) protected with the prepared MP-Ca2Al-LDH exhibited enhanced thermal stability and anti-migration behavior in comparison with MP-Ca/PP composites. Lately, some studies have demonstrated much better performance of multi-component intercalation compounds compared to the corresponding single

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• lead, mercury, cadmium and cobalt, are becoming more and more topical. Many metals form stable organic compounds that dissolve well in water and result in the migration of heavy metal ions in aquatic and terrestrial systems, thereby resulting in high levels of contamination [1][2]. Lead is one of the

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• addition, by applying an external electrical stimulus, the migration of both probes was registered with an increasing transport rate of the two chemical species. Critical considerations Membrane-mediated processes are widely considered one of the most promising solutions to be exploited for industrial

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• around each neck; this leads to fast capture and migration of electrons, and subsequently, enhanced gas sensing performance. The response of Sr/SnO2 NTs is 54.23% to 2000 ppm NH3, a value that is higher than other sensors due to the tubular structure. A lower detection limit of 10 ppm, faster response