Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• important technical applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. They can be used as composite materials [23][24], in chemical sensors [25], electrodes for fuel cells [26][27][28], for catalysis [29][30][31][32] or for hydrogen storage [33]. Because of their high ionic charge, polarity and dielectric

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• corresponds to a counterclockwise vortex state of undetermined polarity (it is compatible with the magnetic flux leaking at the center of the sphere both into or out of the image plane). Quantitative values of the in-plane magnetic induction can be extracted by estimating the local thickness of the sample

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• behavior by acquiring C-AFM images in which the voltage bias polarity is changed in the middle of the image during scanning, as in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. The conductive spots switch from −5 nA (top of the image, blue spots) to +5 nA (bottom of the image, yellow spots) when the polarity

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• to the deflection plates. In contrast, the deposit becomes spread towards the edges when 200 V voltage of different polarity is applied to the deflection plates. Remarkably, the presence of both negatively and positively charged NPs can be observed as the deposit is smeared in both directions from

• for deflection of charged nylon-sputtered NPs [66] by applying 200 V voltage of different polarity across the NP beam; b) electrostatic grids used for retardation of charged PTFE-sputtered NPs by applying 1000 V voltage of different polarity along the NP beam (obtained in a similar manner as [55]). C

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• that the use of brush layers thicker than 5 nm inhibits the interaction of the block copolymer with the substrate [27] and that for thinner layers, the surface neutralization provided by the brush layers is highly dependent on the polarity of the underlying substrate [28]. Conclusion We have

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• feature of the compounds is the pronounced dependence of their spectral (emission and chiroptical) properties on the polarity of the solvent and the length of the linker between the macrocyclic and fluorophore parts of the molecule. Keywords: fluorescence; nanoparticles; self-assembly; thiacalixarene

• biologically important substrates and for analyzing biological fluids. Tryptophan has a maximum emission in water at 348 nm. The position of the maximum strongly depends on the polarity of the solvent [43]. The emission maximum of the compounds 8 and 9 in water was observed at 415 nm. It was shifted to the red

• was established by a number of optical methods that these aggregates were fluorescently active and chiral. The pronounced dependence of their spectral (emission and chiroptical) properties on the polarity of the solvent and the length of the linker between the macrocyclic and fluorophore parts of the

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• trapping, depending on the bias stress polarity [55]. The top-gate configuration has also an additional advantage of the dielectric film working as a protective layer. In one example, a thin ordered layer of naphthalene bisimide was deposited via a zone-casting solution procedure with Parylene C used as

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• component, and the hydrogen bonding component. It was reported that the smaller the difference between the solubility of solute and solvent, the higher the affinity and the smaller the particle size. They emphasized that the difference in polarity between ethanol/water is the smallest compared to the

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• , polarity or interaction with adsorbing monomers. Additionally, the introduction of porogens during the deposition process and the deposition at an oblique angle are methods that have been reported to lead to the formation of three-dimensional polymer structures. With these bottom-up approaches, structured

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• fields. For stronger magnetic fields, the reduction of the spin mixing due to the Zeeman decoupling of the singlet and triplet levels dominates leading to the MR sign-change typical for USMFE. The polarity of the MR sign-change is controlled by the drain voltage, which can be explained with the

BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon

• Santa Stepina,
• Astrida Berzina,
• Gita Sakale and
• Maris Knite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 982–988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.100

• measurement depends on the polarity of the polymer and is different for polar and non-polar solvents. Sensors for VOC and various gases have been widely researched around the world [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Mondal et al. [19] in their study about VOC sensing materials used hybrid composites. The

• chosen because of its dual polarity. EVA has a polar part (vinyl acetate) and a non-polar part (ethylene). This allows one to detect polar as well as non-polar VOC vapours. Carbon nanoparticles (CB; PRINTEX XE-2) with average particle size of 30 nm were used as electroconductive filler. The composite EVA

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• polymers in a random coil conformation, whereas above Tt, the ELR chains self-assemble into β-turns, which are organized into a fibrillar morphology [27][30]. Changes to the guest residue X modulate Tt, with the key influence being the polarity of the amino acid side-chain in X. As such, ELRs can be

Multimodal cantilevers with novel piezoelectric layer topology for sensitivity enhancement

• Steven Ian Moore,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Yuen Kuan Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 358–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.38

• polarity of the transducers response for a given mode shape. Using this result, the piezoelectric layer is split into isolated regions whose individual responses constructively combine in order to maximize the actuator gain/sensor output. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section ’Modal

• as an optimization problem. For the i-th finite element in the cantilever mesh, the associated Be is denoted The piezoelectric material on each finite element is observed in either a positive polarity or negative polarity. A design parameter is introduced indicating this polarity. If χi = 1 the

• polarity to constructively combine the two responses. For displacement measurement, a vibrometer (Polytec MSA-400) is used to detect the motion of the cantilever. The actuator gains (Vi→d) are measured in two locations which are shown in Figure 2m. Measurements are made at location 1 for flexural modes M1

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• structure and especially different polarity. The molecules of n-hexane are capable of adsorption interactions due to dispersion forces, whereas interaction of acetonitrile with the surface is dominated by the basic properties of the nitrogen atom. Obviously, acetonitrile (as well as n-hexane) interacts with

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• ). The change in pyrene fluorescence intensity is likely due to the decrease in the polarity of the pyrene microenvironment. Based on these spectra, the CAC of amphiphilic compounds was calculated from the I1/I3 values in the pyrene fluorescence spectrum as a function of the concentration of amphiphilic

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• functionalization agent (DTES). Ahmad et al. [33] reported that different crystallographic faces of anatase exhibit different polarity and Kassir et al. [18] demonstrated that aminosilanes do not react homogeneously on the different faces of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, we propose that as the nanoparticles growth and

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• depends on the conformation of the polyion molecules and the roughness increases with every polyion layer. WCA measurements on the PEL give a value of 29°, which is lower than the WCA of the COOH-SAM (35°). This can be attributed to a difference in polarity of the two templates. Shyue et al. measured the

• ions as can be seen from the pKa values reported by Rived et al. [43]. Therefore, it is probable that the surface charge of the used templates is lower in methanol than it could be expected from zeta potential measurements in water. Nevertheless, the polarity of the two templates is high enough to

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• 2p photoemission line in the overview spectrum (168.2 eV, Figure 3c) is consistent with the sulfonic acid group [30]. This demonstrates that the nanoparticles are covered with PTSA molecules, yielding specific surface properties such as polarity and affinity towards the specific compounds. The vapor

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• increased flexibility towards substrates of different surface energy and polarity, (ii) their possible non-Newtonian viscosity shifts implying adjustable viscosities [24][25] and (iii) the formation of lipoid shields that prevent the aqueous fraction of an adhesive from desiccation and its sticking to the

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• ideality parameter for graphene/SiC structures are the homogeneity of the graphene thickness, the quality of the grown interface (defects, pits, dislocations, surface roughness), the type of the grown interface (SiC polytypism, face polarity) and the growth conditions. Indeed, we noticed that the Schottky

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• high aspect ratio) [19]. During deposition in the alternating current mode (ac-deposition) [2][19][20] and pulsed electro-deposition with pauses between the opposite polarity pulses [21][22][23] etching of the pore walls during the cathodic polarity stage and during pauses occurs. It changes and

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• tunneling junction. We compare self-heating for different common passivation materials, positive and negative electrical current polarity, and different device thermal anchoring and boundaries resistance configurations. The variations considered are found to result in significant differences in maximum

• temperatures reached. Average increases of 3 K, 10 K, and 100 K for different passivation materials, positive and negative polarity, and different thermal anchoring configurations, respectively, are observed. The highest temperatures, up to 424 K, are obtained for silicon dioxide as the passivation material

• , positive polarity, and low thermal anchoring with thermal boundary resistance configurations. Interestingly it is also found that due to the tunneling heat, Peltier effect, device geometry, and numerous interfacial layers around the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), most of the heat is dissipated on the

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• commonly employed material that combines low-cost and excellent environmental compatibility [20]. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of this superb printing substrate (e.g., topography, roughness, stiffness, surface energy, polarity, porosity and pore geometry) can be easily tailored by

Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)

• Lars Heepe,
• Jonas O. Wolff and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1322–1329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.123

• by ambient humidity [16][17]. Due to its polarity it can work as a bonding agent between two surfaces, and therefore have a substantial effect on adhesion [18][19][20][21]. In insects the terminal contact elements of tenent setae are not dry, but rather wetted by a fluid secretion that is usually a

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• File 1). Different pH values were used to test how H-bonding modulates the self-assembly and contributes to the stability of the assemblies. Protonating H-bonding moieties should reduce the ligand polarity and hence prevent nanoparticle assembly. Figure 5A clearly demonstrates this for AgNPs–cysteamine