A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• between 1 to 30 µM using differential pulse voltammetry, which resulted in a limit of detection of 0.62 nM. GQDs can thus be used to develop electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides in water. Keywords: cyclic voltammetry; differential pulse voltammetry; electrochemical impedance

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; humidity; nanowire; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials have demonstrated a great potential for integration in a variety of devices, such as gas and humidity sensors, nanoelectronics, and low-power thermoelectrical generators [1][2][3][4][5][6

• sensitive and fast responding nanowire-based gas sensors for the detection of CO, C2H5OH, H2S, and NO2 [10][11][12][13][14]. Unusually strong space-charge-limited currents observed in individual CuO nanowires [15] in combination with the mechanical strength [9][16] motivate their application as durable

• effect of humidity on dielectrophoretically assembled CuO nanowire network systems with multiple interconnects, which may become very advantageous for the scalable assembly of CuO nanowire-based devices as NEMS [5], sensors [2], and thermoelectric modules [4], is yet to be reported. In this work, CuO

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• antibiotics and hormones in the environment and food samples are concerning and pose a threat. Opto-electrochemical sensors have received attention due to their low cost, portability, sensitivity, analytical performance, and ease of deployment in the field as compared to conventional expensive technologies

• that are time-consuming and require experienced professionals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with variable porosity, active functional sites, and fluorescence capacity are attractive materials for developing opto-electrochemical sensors. Herein, the insights into the capabilities of electrochemical

• and luminescent MOF sensors for detection and monitoring of antibiotics and hormones from various samples are critically reviewed. The detailed sensing mechanisms and detection limits of MOF sensors are addressed. The challenges, recent advances, and future directions for the development of stable

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• [3][4] systems, can support BICs, which play a critical role in sensors [11][12][13], filters [14], lasers [15][16][17], nonlinear optics [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and quantum devices [25][26]. An ideal BIC could be viewed as a cavity that suppresses radiation in all directions. For planar BIC

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• two important properties of the liquids, namely dielectric constant and vapor pressure, on the transduction of the MFC-MWCNT sensors. These results were corroborated by independent heat flow measurements (thermogravimetric analysis). The proposed MFC-MWCNT sensor platform may help paving the way to

• rapid, inexpensive, and robust liquid analysis and identification. Keywords: carbon nanotube; electronic tongue; fibrillated cellulose; liquid sensor; Introduction The development of a new generation of smart sensors that allow for the monitoring of industrial processes in real time and for wearable

• and flexible devices are paradigms of the current “Industry 4.0”. One can envision applications such as multicomponent liquid and gas sensors, wearables for healthcare, paper-based sensors, and electronic solutions for smart city applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Another area of increasing demand is the

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• (GOSI) [7], germanium on insulating substrate (GOI) [8][9], and germanium on silicon nitride substrate (GOSN) [10]. Among them, Ge-on-Si platforms have been widely applied in on-chip sensors, nonlinear optics, free space communication, and thermal imaging [1][6] because portable, cost-effective, and

• proposed MIR grating coupler [14]. Finally, the transmission characteristics of the output fiber can be detected using an optical spectrum analyzer. There is a wide range of sensors for applications in, for example, biosensing, healthcare, disease detection, and gas detection. Therefore, research on those

• sensors is of great significance. In 2015, Bai et al. reported a flexible healable transparent chemical gas sensing device that exhibited robust flexibility, good transparency, and reliable water-enabled healability of the gas sensing performance at room temperature [15]. Wang proposed a flexible

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• nanoarchitectonics show that it is widely applied in academic fields such as materials synthesis [57][58][59], structural control [60][61][62][63], physical phenomena [64][65][66], and basic biochemistry [67][68][69], as well as in applied fields such as catalysis [70][71][72], sensors [73][74][75], devices [76][77

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• tunability of optothermal properties and enhanced stability, these nanostructures show a wide range of applications in optical sensors, steam generation, water desalination, thermal energy storage, and biomedical applications such as photothermal (PT) therapy. The PT effect, that is, the conversion of

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• range of uses such as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents, healthcare-related products, medical device coatings, anticancer agents, optical sensors, anti-inflammatory agents, biocatalysts, cosmetics, and biosensors [41][42][43][44][45]. The combination of polymer-coated metal nanoparticles

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• electrical modes together, opening up the possibility of creating transducers mediated by a moving capacitor. Such thoughts open the doors to sensors with qualities overshadowing their predecessors. (a) Schematic drawing of the experimental setup. The cantilever is glued to the macrosized piezo driver. The

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• cost-efficient methods. Compared to in-lab standard methods used for pollutant analysis (i.e., chromatography and mass spectrometry), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensors have emerged as important candidates due to their rapidity, portability, and cost-effectiveness [1][2]. These SERS

• sensors are promising for various applications in chemical (e.g., explosive [3] or chemical warfare agents [4]) or biological (e.g., lipid or protein [5]) sensing, environmental monitoring [6] as well as in food safety through the detection of pollutants such as phenol [3][7] or rhodamine [8]. The SERS

• NaOH, and a drop in the intensity of the Raman signal was observed for samples dealloyed in HCl. Larger ligaments together with a high amount of carbon at the surface can explain the decrease or hindrance in the SERS signal for samples with a high silver content. Detection limit SERS-based sensors are

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• performance improvement can be solved with the help of spintronics devices, which are currently presented in a fairly wide variety of valuable effects: spin valves and valves in thin films and heterostructures [19][20], sensors based on the anomalous Hall effect [21], spin injection and magnetism detection

• lattice structure and an increase in electrical conductivity. The material is promising for applied research and development of new spintronics devices, energy management sensors, and magnetic recording media. Research focused on specific application devices based on phase-transition memory state is

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• ; Introduction Transparent conducting (TC) materials have been used in many optoelectronic devices, including flat panel displays [1], light-emitting diodes [2], heat-reflecting mirrors [3], anti-reflective coatings [4], gas sensors [5], and solar cells [6]. For this purpose, many materials have been developed

• gas sensors. XRD patterns of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films sputtered on n-type silicon after laser annealing with different energies: as-deposited, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mJ. AFM images of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films. (a) As deposited and treated with (b) 80, (c) 120, (d) 160, (e) 200, and (f) 240 mJ

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• measurement The KPFM measurements were performed at room temperature using a commercial atomic force microscope (Park Systems, NX10) placed in an Ar flow glove box (O2: <1 ppm, H2O: <1 ppm). We used Cr/Pt-coated Si cantilevers (Budget Sensors, Multi75E-G) with a nominal resonance frequency of 75 kHz and a

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• healthcare strategies related to diseases or conditions that are associated with mechanical changes in the tissues involved. Some examples include cancer, arteriosclerosis, lupus, arthritis and glaucoma, among others. Within this strategy we highlight the development of application-specific sensors, real

• diseases that are linked to mechanical changes in cells and/or the extracellular matrix. Existing micro-robotics technology could be harnessed to develop the specific types of sensors needed in each case. For example, in the case of gastrointestinal cancer screening, one could envision the integration of a

• agencies to develop and pursue similar initiatives. Conclusion and Outlook We have proposed a possible path for the incorporation of nanomechanical measurements performed with AFM into integrated healthcare strategies that link routine AFM measurements performed using application-specific sensors with

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes [64]. Methylene blue is a very prominent intercalator for DNA-based sensors and biosensors [31][65][66][67][68][69]. For example, Plaxco's group reported the preparation of electrode-immobilised methylene-blue-modified oligonucleotides for electrochemical DNA and aptamer

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• optical field; nonlinear optics; optical sensing; Introduction High quality (Q) factor resonance in nanophotonics has attracted considerable attention in the past decades due to its wide applications in narrow-band filters [1], nonlinear optics [2], optical sensors [3] and lasers [4]. To date, most

• be converted to quasi-BIC (QBIC) with a finite Q-factor or the full width at half maximum (FWHM) so they can be accessed by an external excitation, such as a plane wave [34][35]. QBIC has been extensively utilized in optical absorbers [36][37], lasers [38], filters [30], and sensors [39

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• between water and a solid surface might serve as friction reduction agents, fouling protectors, corrosion protectors or for other applications, such as sensors [11][12][13][14]. Biological examples for such air retaining surfaces with most stable and persistent air layers were found on the floating ferns

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• .13.105 Abstract Nanofibers are drawing the attention of engineers and scientists because their large surface-to-volume ratio is favorable for applications in medicine, filter technology, textile industry, lithium-air batteries, and optical sensors. However, when transferring nanofibers to a technical

• applications in medicine, filter technology, textile industry, lithium-air batteries, and optical sensors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The inherently small scale makes production as well as further processing of nanofibers challenging [8]. For the technical production of artificial nanofibers, different methods such

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• sensors [17][18][19]. However, these methods still have drawbacks as they are time consuming, expensive, and unable to monitor real-time detection. In addition, they have low-recognition efficiency and low sensitivity to weak signals. Therefore, researchers keep devoting their efforts to developing novel

• (e.g., DNA analysis, microorganism assays, nucleic acid detection, pharmaceutical substance detection, and gas monitoring) and also a powerful tool for chiral recognition [23][24][25]. The sensitivity and specificity of QCM-based chiral sensors largely depend on the recognition layers on the surface of

• sensors is always based on aspects of effective chiral host molecules, proper chiral surface functions, and suitable host nanostructures. To achieve high chiral selectivity and sensitivity, it is also essential to understand the basis of the interactions for the formation of transient diastereomeric

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• materials have been developed rapidly in many fields, including optoelectronic devices, actuators, sensors, and water purification films [18][27][29][31][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The electrical output of MEG devices with different nanomaterials is listed below in Table 1. A wide range of materials is

• for green energy in the near future. MEGs are also widely used in sensors [54]. For example, a moisture-eletric touch sensor array can provide uniform and sensitive touch feedback (Figure 10e). As shown in Figure 10f, a breath detector can monitor different breathing patterns, including short breaths

• mechanisms of solids and liquids at the nanoscale to fundamentally investigate the possibility of increasing the output power of MEGs. MEGs have great potential for applications as power generators for wearable self-powered pressure sensors, respiratory monitors, motion detectors, power sources for small

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• outside the cryostat and the UHV system. Moreover, a fiber-optical interferometer sensor directly maps the cantilever deflection, whereas beam-deflection sensors only measure the angular change of the cantilever [42]. A fiber-optical interferometer, thus, permits a precise measurement of the cantilever

• oscillation amplitude, without the need of a complicated calibration [43][44][45]. Fiber-optical sensors can obtain sensitivities up to about 1 fm/ using Fabry–Pérot interferometry [46][47]. To date, however, we only implemented a simpler form of the interferometer composed of a cleaved and uncoated fiber end

• reordered into functional groups, for example, one group containing all wires for the piezo positioners, for sample scan and w-piezo, for electrical contacts to the sample and cantilever, and for instrument heaters and temperature sensors. Interferometer system The layout of the fiber-optical interferometer

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• nm when excited at 325, 417, and 425 nm, respectively. Their selectivity for various metal ions indicated that only Fe3+ ions significantly quenched the emission intensity at 438 nm and the CDs were used as fluorescence sensors to detect Fe3+ ions [85]. Devi et al. adopted an eco-friendly, simple

• for the synthesis of CDs via a hydrothermal method. The obtained CDs acted as fluorescence on-off-on sensors for the detection of Co2+ or Cr6+ ions and ascorbic acid, respectively [87]. Using a hydrothermal process, a new form of CD material was produced from common crop wastes, such as corn straw

• glutathione, as a dopant for both S and N, and a green source of celery leaves to synthesize CDs. Low-cost celery leaves containing folic acid with many –COOH and –NH2 groups contribute to high QYs. The reported CDs were novel fluorescent paper sensors and showed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in the

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• cantilevers (Tap300-G, Budget Sensors, Sofia, Bulgaria). The acquired height and amplitude images (50 × 50 µm) were processed and analyzed using JPK´s data analysis software (JPK Data Processing, version 4.2.62). At the edge of the wax layer, the height differences between the wax layer and the uncoated glass

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• emerges from Figure 5 clearly reveals that the collective response of the graphene sensors as a function of the ZIKV NS1 concentration follows a sigmoidal trend. Given that, we interpolated a Hill–Langmuir curve, ΔR%(c) ∝ cn (kn + cn)−1, to the experimental data. This fit curve is represented by the red