Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• rinsed in a mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 5:2 and heated on a hot plate at 80 °C. After that, the Si(100) was cleaned with distilled water in an ultrasound container. The next step was to clean the samples with a 7% solution of HF and again clean with distilled water under ultrasound. During the time after

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

• Laura Evangelio,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Michaela Gorgoi,
• Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
• Ricardo García,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

• top of the activated silicon substrate and it is annealed. Then, the non-grafted brush layer is rinsed away by dipping the sample into toluene for 5 min in an ultrasound bath. Consequently, the EBL is performed on an 80 nm thick PMMA resist and after the development, the sample is briefly exposed to

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• chemical reduction of HAuCl4. Briefly, 3.5 mL of NP solution was diluted to 5 mL under ultrasonic agitation for 10 min and 2.0 mL of HAuCl4 (10 mmol·L−1) was introduced into the reaction medium under ultrasound agitation. The solution was alkalized to the required pH value by addition of 2.0 mol·L−1 NaOH

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• pretreated by sonication in air, after which they were dispersed in water in presence of PVP. The procedure for sonication in air was as follow: 0.35 g of MWCNTs were placed into a 50 mL beaker that had a magnetic stirrer. An ultrasound tip (Branson 450 instrument, Danbury, CT) was introduced into the beaker

• (keeping a separation between the ultrasound tip and magnetic stirrer of approximately 2 cm and 1 cm separation between the tip and the MWCNTs) and the beaker was sealed. Afterwards, ultrasound was applied for 1.5 h at 70% of power output and 50% duty cycle under magnetic stirring (200 rpm). In addition to

Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins

• Gheorghe Stan,
• Richard S. Gates,
• Qichi Hu,
• Kevin Kjoller,
• Craig Prater,
• Kanwal Jit Singh,
• Ebony Mays and
• Sean W. King

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.88

• tip–sample contact mechanically vibrated at ultrasound frequencies in CR-AFM (d). (a) Transmission FTIR and AFM-IR spectra of the symmetric SiC–H3 deformation mode from a nanoporous organosilicate unpatterned film and patterned fins (widths of 500 nm, 90 nm, and 20 nm), respectively. (b) CR-AFM

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• diluted and dispersed in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min. Afterwards a drop of the diluted and ultrasound-treated sample was deposited on a carbon film coated 200 mesh copper TEM grid (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and allowed to dry. A 200 kV JEOL 2100 transmission electron microscope equipped with an

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• dispersion. Subsequently, substrates 4 and 5 were reacted with the azido derivative 2 (Scheme 2). The mixture of the reagents in dichlorobenzene was kept in the ultrasound bath for 25 min, to obtain a homogeneous dispersion, and subsequently stirred at 165 °C for four days [10][31][32]. Again CNTs derivative

• DMF. The mixture was kept in an ultrasound bath for 10 min, under inert atmosphere, and 19.3 mg (0.165 mmol) of isopentyl nitrite were added. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C under nitrogen for 16 h. The dispersion was diluted a 1:1 solution of isopropanol/diisopropyl ether and centrifuged for 15 min

• DMF. The mixture was kept in an ultrasound bath for 30 min, under inert atmosphere, then 19.3 mg (0.165 mmol) of isopentyl nitrite were added. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C under nitrogen for 16 h. The dispersion was diluted with isopropanol and centrifuged for 15 min at 1400 rcf. The supernatant

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• acetone/ethanol 1:1 for 10 min in an ultrasonic bath. Afterwards, they were treated for 10 min in an O2-plasma with 30 W, followed by another cleaning in Milli-Q water in ultrasound (10 min). In-between the different steps, the wafers were dried with N2. Carboxylate-SAMs were prepared according to

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• as ultrasound and microwaves can also be used. In this work we employed all of these procedures for the conversion of original precursors into proper oxide nanoparticles. The working conditions were identified in which nanoparticles with certain composition, size and shape could be obtained. Thermal

• subjected to irradiation with ultrasound (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S22). The procedures for samples NPU1–NPU2 differ only in the ultrasonic irradiation time (5 min for NPU1 and 30 min for NPU2). In addition, sample NPU2 was also subsequently subjected to thermal treatment at 400 °C to track

Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• ultrasound irradiation to the silica–organoclay hybrid heterostructures dispersed in 2-propanol, and finally, the resulting solids were calcinated to eliminate the organic matter and to produce ZnO nanoparticles (NP) homogeneously assembled to the clay–SiO2 framework. In the case of montmorillonite the

• heterostructures were then prepared from this SiO2-organoclay dispersed in 2-propanol (5% w/w), to which are slowly added ZnO NP also dispersed in 2-propanol to reach a molar ratio of 0.5:1 ZnO/SiO2-organoclay. This suspension is homogenized by ultrasound irradiation (SONICS Vibracell 750 W, 20 kHz) for 20 min in

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• induction The experimental studies to evaluate the capacity of the magnetic nanoparticles to induce hyperthermia were carried out in 16 rats bearing hepatic implants of colon adenocarcinoma. The development of the liver implants and their volumes were controlled and quantified by ultrasound. The suspensions

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• good candidate material due to its chemical inertness and, in particular, its piezoelectric properties, which opens the possibility of it being able to transmit an electrical signal to cells. This might be used to activate cells receptors through simple external activation (e.g., via an ultrasound

• functionalized surfaces of implants or prosthesis could be easily modulated from the exterior (e.g., with an ultrasound field), making surfaces either more or less attractive for desired types. Experimental Preparation of GaN nanoparticles Thin layers of GaN were grown on ZnO nanoparticles by hydride vapor phase

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• towards the fabric surface. The dyeing occurs as a result of supplying ultrasound energy to the solution. When high-intensity ultrasound is applied to the aqueous solution of organic molecules, these molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the sonochemically formed acoustic bubbles. When the implosive

• is presented in Figure 4a. Under ultrasound irradiation the dye molecules form NPs which are deposited onto the surface of the textile. The creation of organic nanoparticles from their solution by sonochemical method was previously described by our group [25][26]. The HRSEM images of the fabric

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• structures in water but not in buffer. Such agglomerates could be separated by ultrasound; however, re-aggregation occurred after short time. 44C- or 31C-functionalized TMV formed raft-like aggregates in both water and buffer (as detected also after their mineralization, see SEM analysis below). For

Automatic morphological characterization of nanobubbles with a novel image segmentation method and its application in the study of nanobubble coalescence

• Yuliang Wang,
• Huimin Wang,
• Shusheng Bi and
• Bin Guo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 952–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.98

• their potential in numerous applications. They can be used as vehicles for drug delivery and agents to enhance ultrasound contrast for tumor imaging [16][17]. Studies show that NBs can promote physiological activity of living organisms and increase cell productivity [18]. They are responsible for long

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• of contact-resonance force microscopy techniques for quantitative measurements of nanomechanical properties. Ogi et al. [6] have studied elastic and damping properties in a dual-phase steel by using resonance ultrasound microscopy (RUM), which is a contact-resonance based technique but limited to

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• 70–80% confluence. Before every single experiment, nanoparticles were prewarmed to 37 °C and treated with ultrasound for 10 min to avoid sedimentation and aggregation. SPIONs were diluted with cell culture media to a concentration of 50 µg Fe/mL while SCIONs were diluted to 5 µg/mL. The concentration

• medium without detaching cells from the culture surface. Afterward cells were detached with trypsin/EDTA, counted and cell pellets were resuspended in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Treatment with hydrochloric acid and ultrasound for 10 min destroyed the cells and dissociated the iron cores of SPIONs

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• the BNNTs in the primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) under the exposure of low frequency ultrasound (US) [80]. The BNNTs were wrapped with PLL for stabilization in water. Furthermore, they found that the PLL–BNNTs were localized in the cytoplasm in the vesicles. Although the experimental system was

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• larger particles from the catalyst decomposition. Attempts to de-agglomerate these super-agglomerates in order to obtain the original small particles by ultrasound treatment were not succesful. Ceria nanoparticles decorated with noble metals Deposition of finely dispersed noble metals on porous materials

• . With respect to (meso)porous ceria, this has been described for, e.g., rhodium [49][50] (impregnation), platinum [51] (ultrasound-assisted reduction), and gold [52][53] (impregnation and photochemical reduction, respectively). In principle, these procedures should be applicable to ceria NP as well, but

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• conditions, graphite is exfoliated as high-quality graphene [18]. Ultrasonic techniques A versatile and simple strategy to exfoliate graphite in liquid phase is based on the use of ultrasonic wave treatment. Ultrasound techniques have important applications in a wide range of materials synthesis strategies

• graphene layers and carbon nanofibers. (b) Carbon nanofibers marked with Au Nanorods. (c) Representative TEM micrograph of a graphene sheet. (d) HR-TEM image of graphene. Reprinted with permission from [9], copyright 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of MWNTs from graphite

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• abbreviations used in this work are presented in Table 1. Preparation of the liposome/SWCNT biocomposites Small aliquots of a previously sonicated SWCNT stock suspension (0.9 mg/mL, in PB pH 7.4) were added to a liposome suspension and the resulting mixture was subjected to ultrasound treatment (Hielser

• titanium probe sonicator, UP 100H, 15 min with breaks). Figure 1 shows the schematic representation of the ultrasound-mediated biohybrid preparation resulting in two types of biocomposites: Chla–DPPC–MLVs/CNTs hybrid (sample V3) and Chla–Chol–DPPC–MLVs/CNTs hybrid (sample V4). Due to the photosensitivity

• obtaining these nanobioarchitectures is simple, efficient, economical (requiring small quantities of raw materials) and eco-friendly. It involves safe, self-assembly steps and ultrasound treatments in a bottom-up approach to build biocidal and antioxidant nanomaterials. Cholesterol-containing biohybrids

Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells

• Claudia Strobel,
• Martin Förster and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190

• stock suspensions were vortexed and placed in an ultrasound bath (Bandelin Sonorex RK 52 H, Bandelin electronic GmbH & Co. KG, Germany; HF-power: 60 W (effective)) for 10 min. Nanoparticle characterization Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were carried out to determine the size and