Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• aqueous solution. TEM observations were performed on a Philips CM 120 electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The sample for FESEM observation was prepared by placing a drop of properly diluted nanoparticle dispersion on a clean glass sheet, and was allowed to dry in the air. FESEM

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• in a transmission electron microscope. The analysis was performed at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV in TEM mode. Determination of particle diameter by SEM Additional measurements of the particle diameter were carried out by using a field-emission high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM

• ) by Merlin Carl Zeiss. Observations of the morphology of the surface were made by applying an accelerating voltage of incident electrons at 5 kV and a current probe at 300 pA in order to minimize modifications to sample. The sample preparation was as follows: samples of compounds 8–11 (1 × 10−4 М

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• products was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, model MORGAGNI 268) operated at an accelerating voltage of 72 keV. The average size of nanoparticles was estimated from at least 150 species observed in the TEM images. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies

• of as-synthesized products were performed using a LIBRA 200 FE at an accelerating voltage of 200 keV. X-ray powder diffraction experiments were performed on a D8 diffractometer (Bruker AXS, Germany), equipped with a Göbel mirror as a primary beam monochromator for Cu Kα radiation. Upgraded vacuum

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• (FE-SEM) and TEM. FE-SEM measurements were carried out using a JEOL JSM 6330F instrument operating at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. TEM measurements were carried out using a JEOL JEM-2000 FX electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The samples were prepared by placing

Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation

• Daichi Morioka,
• Tomohiro Nose,
• Taiki Chikuta,
• Kazutaka Mitsuishi and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1523–1529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.153

• . To understand this widening mechanisms, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate material are investigated by means of both experiments and simulation. It is demonstrated that the fixing area is greatly affected by the electrons back-scattered by the substrate. The back

• -scattering leads to an increase in line width and thus reduces the resolution of this patterning technique. Keywords: accelerating voltage; electron beam; gold; Monte Carlo simulation; nanoparticle array; Introduction Techniques to fabricate assemblies or arrays of nanostructures on a desired area have

• the particle and the substrate fixes the particles. However, in this original technique, the area of fixed gold nanoparticles was wider than the electron-probe size of a few nanometers [8]. To understand the mechanisms of this widening, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• . Prior to the FE-SEM examination, all the specimens were sputter-coated with gold to avoid charge accumulations. Transmission electron microscopy was conducted on a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy unit at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. The specific surface area and pore structure of

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• ) preparation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Secondary electron images were collected using an Everhart–Thornley-detector mounted on a FEI Quanta 3D FEG applying electron beam settings of 15 kV accelerating voltage. In the same system cross-sectional electron transparent foils of the MoS2 films on

• the SiO2/Si support were fabricated using focussed ion beam (FIB) sputtering at IB settings of 30 kV accelerating voltage and successively decreasing IB currents from 65 nA to 50 pA. The 90–120 nm thick sample foils were subsequently checked for film thickness accuracy determination in a Philips CM200

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• spectroscopy (EELS) were performed using a Nion UltraSTEM 100 which is equipped with aberration correction of the probe forming lens. Beam-induced damage and contamination were minimized by using an accelerating voltage of 60 kV and a 40 pA beam current. High angle annular dark field (HAADF) and bright field

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• reduction tube at 850 °C. Sulfanilamide C6H8N2O2S was used as CHNS standard. For SEM studies with a JSM-6060LA analytical scanning electron microscope (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) using secondary electrons at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV, the samples were fixed on the objective tables. To prevent the

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a microscope Hitachi HT7700, Japan. The images were acquired at an accelerating voltage of 110 kV. Samples were dispersed on 300 mesh copper grids with continuous carbon-formvar support films. In vitro stability of SIPs The SIP sample (5 mL) was

Obtaining and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) nanostructures by ion beam sputtering

• Sergei N. Chebotarev,
• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Elena N. Zhivotova,
• Georgy A. Erimeev and
• Marina L. Lunina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 12–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.2

• vacuum chamber at a temperature of 560–580 °C allowed us to get rid of a protective oxide layer and the impurities accumulated in it. The accelerating voltage determining the ion energy varied in the range from 100 to 500 V. The energy dependence of the sputtering yields was measured with a step of 50 eV

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• using the STAR software from Mettler Toledo. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were taken using a dedicated HITACHI HT7700 microscope operating in high contrast mode at 100 kV accelerating voltage. The samples were prepared by placing small droplets of the diluted dispersion (≈1 g/L) of

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• 200 MC, Carl Zeiss) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and a magnification of 30,000–300,000×. The X-ray photoelectron spectra were acquired with a Kratos Ultra DLD spectrometer using a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source that possesses an analysis area of 300 μm × 700 μm. The spectra were recorded in

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• -probe X-ray microanalysis with a Tescan Vega TS5130 MM scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (Oxford Instruments). TEM studies were performed using JEM-4000FX microscope at an accelerating voltage of 400 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was studied using a

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• accelerating voltage of 10 kV. The same SEM system was used for visualization of the morphology of the layers and of the cross-section of the solar cells at an electron beam accelerating voltage of 4 kV. Current–voltage scans of the solar cells were used to obtain the principal characteristics of the solar

Effect of triple junctions on deformation twinning in a nanostructured Cu–Zn alloy: A statistical study using transmission Kikuchi diffraction

• Silu Liu,
• Xiaolong Ma,
• Lingzhen Li,
• Liwen Zhang,
• Patrick W. Trimby,
• Xiaozhou Liao,
• Yusheng Li,
• Yonghao Zhao and
• Yuntian Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1501–1506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.143

• /C2H5OH/H2O. TKD characterization was conducted in a Zeiss Auriga SEM operating with a 30 kV accelerating voltage. The measurement step size was set to 6 nm for the microscopic observation, taken into consideration the heavily deformed state and other factors. All misindexed points and unindexed pixels in

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• DNA origami. Transmission electron microscopy TEM images of the DNA structures were taken with a Zeiss Libra 200MC operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and performed on copper/formvar/carbon grids (400 mesh, 3.05 mm diameter, Plano GmbH). Before deposition, the grids were glow discharged for

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• surface of the carbon film. The particles were dried at room temperature for more than 1 h, and TEM micrographs were obtained at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV by Tecnai Spirit G2 (FEI, Brno, Czech Republic). Bright field imaging (BF) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to visualize

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• microscopy SEM measurements of the ECM surfaces were done in high vacuum (1·10−6 mbar) and an accelerating voltage 10 kV using a Zeiss 1540XB system and standard procedure. The samples were coated by 2 nm gold as to prevent a buildup of static charge. CD spectroscopy measurements The ECMs were compatible

Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns

• Thomas Kleinteich and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.81

• carbon-containing double-sided adhesive tape. The specimens were then coated with a 10 nm gold–palladium layer by using a Leica SCD05 Sputter Coater (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). For scanning electron microscopy, we used a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope at an accelerating

• voltage of 3 kV (Hitachi High-Technologies Europe GmbH, Krefeld, Germany). We used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT or µCT) to study the three-dimensional arrangement of tissues underneath the tongue surface. To visualize soft tissue structures, such as the epithelium and muscle fibers, we stained the

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• electron microscope (SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 3.0 kV. The surface composition of the catalysts was investigated using a Thermo Scientific energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) fluorescence analyzer (with a Mg Kα ADES (hν = 1253.6 eV) source) as an addition to the SEM and XPS (PHA-5400, SPECS, America

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi) with an accelerating voltage of 5–15 kV. The film thickness was measured using a surface profilometer in contact mode (Taly-surf PGI 120). Raman and optical spectral analysis The optical absorption spectra of all the nanostructures were recorded using a UV–vis

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• as the wavelength of radiation and with D as an average of the crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy Micrographs were taken with a DSM 982 Gemini (Zeiss). An accelerating voltage of 3 kV and a working distance of 2–3 mm were used. To ensure conductivity, the samples were sputtered with a 0.8

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• Raith-150 system at 10 kV acceleration voltage, 30 µm aperture, and 6 mm working distance. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) experiments were performed using a JEM-400EX (JEOL) electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 400 keV. The point resolution was 0.165 nm. The

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• by FE-SEM (Cam scan MV2300). The chemical composition of the modified bentonite was measured by EDX performed in a SEM. TEM images were obtained using a Philips-EM-2085 transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were performed on a