Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• blue in the Figure) on top of the nickel atoms. However, even at low coverage, single molecules are less regularly observed than molecular clusters. Indeed, as shown in Figure 4a by the arrows, DCPDMbpy appears frequently to aggregate in windmill-shaped clusters. A preferential orientation along the

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• -dots with co-reduction using urea and thiourea is much higher than when urea or thiourea are used individually during reduction. Moreover, during the scale-up synthesis, it was determined that the C-dots tend to aggregate due to their larger magnitude in mass, leading to an increase in the size of the

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals

• Dmitrii Pavlovich Shcherbinin and
• Elena A. Konshina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.275

• near nanoparticles and the action of a high electric field affect the purification/contamination processes. NPs with smaller size have a larger surface area thereby facilitate purification/contamination processes. Nanoparticles in LCs tend to aggregate. This leads to the reduction of the total number

• of adsorbing sites. Moreover, in composites with a higher NP concentration, the aggregation process is stronger. Dry nanoparticles tend to aggregate in a nematic liquid crystal matrix. We have observed this aggregation in a polarized optical microscope at a concentration of over 0.5 wt %. This

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• morphologically analogue to the branched fibrillar form described elsewhere [39]. Figure 1B displays a more rich area of fibrils, showing the typical 5 nm wide component strands consistent with the ribbon aggregate morphology; inset is the magnified view of the yellow box in Figure 1B in which details of the

Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)₅ upon clustering

• Jozef Lengyel,
• Peter Papp,
• Štefan Matejčík,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Michal Fárník and
• Juraj Fedor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2200–2207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.219

• decreases the resulting electric field at the target molecule, which reduces its attractive interaction with the incoming electron. This causes the significant cross section drop at very low energies. When such an aggregate is sitting on a much larger argon nanoparticle, the shielding, due to the

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• cobalt ferrite NPs with metionine molecules confers them strong non-fouling properties not allowing aggregate. The XRD pattern of these NPs (Figure 1c) implied the formation of pure, inverse spinel structure CoFe2O4, as all diffraction peaks at 2Θ positions: 18.29 (111), 30.08 (220), 35.44 (311), 43.06

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Samples were prepared by dipping 200 mesh copper grids coated with a thin carbon film (Quantifoil Micro Tools GmbH) into aggregate-free NP dispersions. The size of the particles was determined by the measurement tools of Fiji. The DLS was measured with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS from

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• organic solvent, which diffuses from the organic phase into the aqueous phase. Meanwhile, polymers in the organic phase tend to spontaneously aggregate, forming spherical crystals, and thus nanoparticles form rapidly [27][29]. As seen in Table 1, the mean particle size of the nanoparticles varies greatly

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• large surface area, while the performance of the Nb2O5 nanoflowers depends on the size of the nanostructures and how they aggregate to the 3D structure. If the assembly leads a low surface-to-volume ratio, the final performance could be degraded. Reproducibility was also taken into account. For the same

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• absorption band of silver (Ag) nanoparticles corresponds to the maximum of the plasmon resonance which is near 415 nm (Figure 1a). Shifting the plasmon resonance of our nanoparticles to the near-IR spectral region was achieved by aggregation using potassium chloride (KCl). When nanoparticles aggregate, they

• of the Ag nanoparticles was determined to be around 50 nm with a high degree of polydispersity in size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The Ag nanoparticles do not tend to aggregate to a single specific shape after adding KCl. Instead, they form different shapes from spheres to rods. The cells, before and

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• -printing process and to determine its jettability as ink. Surface tension, dispersion stability and aggregate size have been measured since the ink printability depends on these main parameters, which have to match the operating parameters of the employed printing system. Based on these considerations, the

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• product meets the definition of “nano-relevant” using the European Union regulatory recommendation of 2011 [57]. According to this recommendation, a nanomaterial is defined as “an unknown material containing primary particles in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50

BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon

• Santa Stepina,
• Astrida Berzina,
• Gita Sakale and
• Maris Knite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 982–988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.100

• order to determine dispersion, aggregate size and distribution of carbon nanoparticles. Gas sensing measurements are made using different concentrations of BTEX vapours as well as of gasoline vapours. Experimental Materials and composite structure The sensor material used is a nanostructured composite

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• reaction) size distribution. Moreover, the interaction of the cyano group with the silver surface is reasonably strong [36][38][39][40][41][42][43] and provides a good attachment of CBAmPEG to the NP surface. UV–vis spectroscopy suggests that a smaller fraction of the nanoparticles may aggregate upon

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• Information Supporting Information contains detailed experimental setup, image cross-correlation, analysis of an aged sample, time evolution of surface aggregates, aggregate removal during KPFM scans, a typical current–voltage curve, cantilever calibration, comparison of contact-mode and bimodal AFM

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• lateral surface (diameter) of nanoplates is seen under the electron microscope. The corresponding electron micrograph (Figure 3e), shows an array of small nanoparticles forming an edge of a nanoplate. A high-resolution image for this aggregate illustrated in Figure 3f shows a lattice spacing of 0.22 nm

• aggregate by magnetic interaction (ferromagnetic) by oriented attachment resulting in nanorods. The FEGSEM images (Figure 5c) show a persistent tendency of nanorods to interlock while a few isolated nanorods can also be seen. In the following we explain the crystal structure and the effect of different

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• , re-condensate as silicon spheres due to the surface-energy minimization principle. During the formation of the microspheres, a fraction of the Si feedstock sublimates and the molecules in the vapor phase aggregate in the form of lighter Si nanostructures. These are transported downstream in the

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• temperatures, while the increased temperature favors nucleation with less charged and easier coalescing nuclei that aggregate easier (sample NMh). The behavior of the three-component system APTES/TEOS/MTES is thus more complex and is not dominated by the reactivity of any single component. The decrease in TEOS

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• , and fluorometry. The critical association concentrations and aggregate sizes were measured. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of alkylated isoindigo derivatives strongly influences aggregate morphology. In the case of short-chain dialkylated isoindigo derivatives, supramolecular polymers of 200 to

• -assemble in solution. In Figure 3 and Table S2 (Supporting Information File 1), aggregate sizes and polydispersity index at various isoindigo concentrations are given. As seen, aggregate size depends on the length of hydrocarbon fragments of isoindigo with the particle sizes of compounds 2с–f varying

• comparable with that determined spectrophotometrically (Figure 4a). Compounds 2e and 2f aggregate at higher concentrations (CAC ≈ 0.6 mМ). Importantly, this rather low aggregation number may result from the quenching effect of isoindigo derivatives [50]. Figure 4b and Figure S10 (Supporting Information File

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• , respectively. The shift is a consequence of changes in the local dielectric constant and effective thickness of the layer adsorbed on the AuNP surface [30]. No significant broadening of peaks is observed after the functionalization steps, indicating that particles did not appreciably aggregate. The 4 nm shift

• nanoparticles have been investigated. Most of them rely on the integrated extinction, which increases with the degree of aggregate formation in agreement with theoretical principles based on the different contribution of transversal and longitudinal surface plasmons [60][61]. The integrated extinction between

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The dielectric constant of the surrounding medium plays a crucial role in determining the aggregate geometry, which affects the Anderson localization of light in the aggregates and hence causes a red-shift in the plasmonic

• resonance and in the photoluminescence emission. The geometry of the gold nanoparticle aggregates determine the strength of the Anderson localization, and hence, the light emission from the aggregates. The photoluminescence lifetime was found to be dependent on the AuNP aggregate geometry and the dielectric

• . The simplest system of generation of such hot spots is through aggregation of nanoparticles, as seen in the work of Anker et al. [12]. The aggregate mass, m, which affects the plasmonic absorption can be introduced in the calculation using the Brownian aggregation rate, according to [21][22]. As the

A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes

• Mohammed Al Araimi,
• Petro Lutsyk,
• Anatoly Verbitsky,
• Yuri Piryatinski,
• Mykola Shandura and
• Aleksey Rozhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1991–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.190

• dispersions were subjected to ultracentrifugation for 3 h at 17 °C at 45000 rpm (Beckman Coulter Optima Max-XP, MLS 50 rotor) to remove the aggregate phase and obtain the supernatant solutions of debundled SWNTs. The top 70% of the dispersion is then decanted. To prepare mixture of DOB-719, we used 20% of the

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• . The increase of the water absorption band in the case of aggregated nanoparticles may have two explanations: first, the SEIRA effect is enhanced when nanoparticles aggregate (addition of anisotropy, see [15]); second, the backscattering cross section is increased. Peak shift A further interesting

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• -thioglucose (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). At higher gold ion concentrations, NCs that are not fully coated with stabilizer aggregate. At high thioglucose concentrations, NCs do not form. Monodisperse gold NCs (2.02 ± 0.18 nm) were obtained as determined by high resolution TEM (Figure 1C,D) and

• ). Unfunctionalized Glc-NCs fail to aggregate since oxidized thio-glucose is not recognized by ConA (Figure 2C). Glc-NC@Man are monodisperse prior to aggregation by the addition of ConA as judged by TEM (Figure S12, Supporting Information File 1). Nanocluster cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating the nanoclusters

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• and aggregates based on the discrete dipole approximation. The models support the experimental findings and reveal the importance of aggregate size and shape as well as particle polarizability in the plasmon coupling between nanoparticles. Keywords: plasmon coupling; self-assembly; silver

• hydrogen-bonding short ligands that are known to well passivate the AgNPs surface [30]. We report the substantial influence of the ligand-to-particle ratio on the aggregate configuration and its optical signal. We observe a large influence of NP ensemble size and inter-nanoparticle spacing on the emergence

• aggregate size upon increasing the ligand concentration. At lower ligand-to-nanoparticle ratios, short-chained segments are predominant, and a number of branching points are observed, which are believed to mediate the plasmon flux. Some closed loops are also present. It is clearly evident that for AgNP–DTT