Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• H2O2. The H2O2 produced through ORR is also quantified using a Ce(SO4)2 solution assisted UV–visible absorbance based analysis, where the details and calibration are given in Supporting Information File 1. Figure 7a shows chronoamperograms of ORR on EEG-coated graphite papers at 0.358 V vs RHE in 0.1 M

• details of the calculation for the number of electrons transferred are given in Supporting Information File 1. The quantification of the H2O2 produced was carried out using a UV–vis spectrometer [37][61]. A calibration curve was made using 1 mM Ce(SO4)2 (25 mL) solution, 1% H2O2 solution (30% H2O2

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• measure of the mobility of the NPs. The calibration of the cantilevers was performed by the thermal tuning method. The oscillation amplitudes ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 V with a sensitivity of 25 to 31 nm/V. The sensitivity was measured individually for each cantilever by means of damping the AFM tip against

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• support to the C 1s signal of the carbon-containing catalyst film. The spectra showed minor charging effects, which were compensated by a neutralizer (low-energy electron flood gun). The C 1s peak was set to 284.8 eV for binding energy calibration [50]. Evaluation and deconvolution of the measured signals

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• the end of each measurement, the capillary was rinsed with water for 1 min at 20 psi. Data acquisition and analysis were performed respectively with software packages 32 Karat (SCIEX) and OriginPro 8.5.1 (OriginLab Corporation, US). A calibration curve was obtained by injecting HA at known

• calibration curve from nanoparticle aqueous suspensions diluted in cell lysates (range 0.12–125 µg/mL). Measurements were obtained by using a Synergy2 Biotek plate reader (Ex 540/25, Em 620/40 nm), Gen5 software; top 50% optical position. Uptake results were normalized against the total protein content per

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• mL 0.1 M DTT (in physiological saline solution). The drug release was followed by a JASCO V-650 spectrophotometer at 274 nm with an optical fiber probe. The concentration of the released metoprolol was calculated using the calibration line (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The mass of the

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• b is shown in Figure 5d. To get accurate lattice parameters, the error induced by the thermal drift was eliminated by drift calibration and the Sb adlayer lattice vectors were corrected by using the calibration matrix from the known adlayer lattices of sulfate on Au(111), as outlined in detail by

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• carried out using an iCAP 6000 Series ICP Spectrometer from Thermo Scientific with a radial optical approach. A series of solutions with different concentrations were prepared separately for calibration from an yttrium standard for ICP (c(Y3+) = 10, 20 and 40 ppm), ytterbium standard for ICP (c(Yb3+) = 10

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• towards the adsorbed vapour molecules. This transfer results in a decrease of the majority carriers in the valence band of the decorated carbon nanotubes, and thus the decrease of the measured conductivity [33]. Sensor performance The calibration curves, expressing the normalized sensor resistance versus

• are summarized in Supporting Information File 1 (Figures S1 and S2). The associated calibration curves and compared sensitivities are presented in Figure 7 and Table 1, respectively. The sensitivity of the HDT sensors with aromatic solvents is larger in comparison with methanol and acetone. This can

• and (b) benzene. HDT/Au-MWCNT sensor responses for different concentrations of the injected vapours of (a) toluene and (b) benzene. Calibration curves for Au-MWCNT and HDT/Au-MWCNT sensors for (a) toluene and (b) benzene aromatic VOC detection. Calibration curves for the HDT/Au-MWCNT sensor for

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• attributed to the change in the materials properties. The LSNT-tip SU8 cantilever is more than 50 times faster than its silicon cantilever counterpart for a given resonance frequency. In order to evaluate the link between the tapping bandwidth and the image quality, an AFM calibration grating (1 µm pitch

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• wavelength of 515 nm. A calibration curve for curcumin was prepared using ACN as the solvent. Using the calibration curve, the amount of curcumin inside the sample solution was determined as [Drug encapsulated]. The stock solution for NP preparation contained 0.1 mg of curcumin for each 0.9 mg of PLGA NPs in

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• molecular weight calculated by 1H NMR from the value obtained by GPC (which was substantial for the four-arm polymers) was likely to be caused by the polystyrene calibration and by the intrinsic limitation of the GPC to determine the exact molecular weight of comb-like and hyperbranched polymers, as

• , 500 A) and a PLgel 50 mm∙7.5 mm (5 μm particle size) guard, using THF as eluent at 35 °C. The system was controlled using polystyrene calibration kits (by RESTEK and Sigma-Fluka); samples were dissolved in THF at a concentration of 4 mg/mL and filtered (PTFE filters, 0.45 µm). Synthesis of propargyl

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• obvious from the numbers on each peak in Figure 3c and Figure 3d, the backscattering signal decreases quickly while the attenuation signal increases slowly. As mentioned earlier, the attenuation intensity contains portions of absorption and backscattering signals, and with a proper calibration, we are

• absorption (14%, green dots). This ratio is consistent with Mie theory, confirming the correctness of our signal calibration. According to Mie theory, the forward scattering ratio should be equal to the backward scattering ratio for this nanostructure. In our measurement, the transmission TNP is 79% in the

• signal were calibrated accurately (Figure 6c). The same calibration scheme was applied to yield Figures 2–5 in the main text, and to derive the ratio of scattering, absorption and transmission. Since the results agree well with the prediction of Mie theory, the reflectivity estimation should be

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• ] in Equation 1 is 0.062 fg·mL−1 : where SD and slope are the standard deviation and slope of the calibration curve, respectively. To our knowledge, this limit of detection is the lowest found in the literature for immunosensors to detect PSA. The high sensitivity could be attributed to the use of MNPs

• resuspended with 250 μL of 0.05% PBS-Tween/20 buffer of pH 7.4 and 2% BSA giving a final particle concentration of 5 mg·mL−1. These steps are summarized in Figure 8. In the third step, shown in Figure 9, 20 μL of Ab2-MNP-HRP were added to 320 μL PBS buffer at pH 7.4. For the standard calibration, 20 μL of the

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• a calibration curve. Results and Discussion The crystal structures of all samples were characterized by XRD. Figure 1 shows the experimental data and the results calculated by Rietveld refinement of 1-S0 (a) and 2-S2 (b). The calculated results match well with the experimental data indicating that

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• ) were used for calibration of analytes. All mentioned materials and chemicals were used without further purification. Preparation of the CaO-based catalysts The CaO precursors were activated at temperatures of 1073 K, 1173 K, and 1273 K for 3 h under static air conditions in the Elektron Co. furnace

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• temperature range of 10–300 K with a standard MS-1104Em spectrometer operated in the constant acceleration regime [30][31]. The gamma ray source 57Co(Rh) was maintained at room temperature. The calibration was performed with a metal α-Fe standard absorber. The XRD patterns were collected using the Rigaku

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• mL was taken from the dialysis media and the amount of curcumin was measured using UV absorption spectroscopy at 421 nm using a HELIOS ALPHA ThermoSpectronic spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK). The curcumin concentration was determined using a calibration curve of the pure drug in

• preheated at 37 °C. At each time point, the absorbance was measured at 421 nm and the concentration of the released curcumin was determined against a calibration curve. The experiments were performed in triplicate and the mean ± SD is reported. Statistical analysis Statistical significance was assessed by

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• ESCALAB 200X XP-spectrometer, operating at 70–80 °C, a pressure of 7.0 × 10–9 bar and a sample angle of 33°. Spectra were recorded using polychromatic Al Kα excitation (11 kV, 20 mA) and an emission angle of 0°. Calibration of the XPS was carried out by recording spectra with Al Kα X-rays from clean

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• 100–1000) by UV spectrophotometry (UV-1700 PharmaSpec, Shimadzu, China) at 360 nm. The evaluation was conducted by the provided “UVprobe” software (version 2.21). The concentration was calculated based on the calibration curves determined in ethanol. Particle loading Prior to loading, the silica

• tempered to 25 °C. After calibration of the pH electrode and the UV–vis fiber optic, the sample was manually added immediately after and the UV–vis measurement with the fiber optic was started. The spectra were corrected using the Tyndall Rayleigh correction function. The different concentrations of raw

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• STO materials enabled a low sample bias of +1 mV for the LC-AFM measurements to be used. Real work function values were calculated from recorded CPD maps after calibration against a material of known work function, here highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which was annealed in situ up to 300 °C

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• populations. Moreover, additional tools such as calibration standard and repositioning system have been developed in this study to easily find the area of interest. However, the proof of concept of this method requires three steps. Firstly, the development of a specific reference structure (standard) suitable

• for investigating NPs is required. Actually, the calibration certificates associated with reference structures commercially available do not give values within 1 nm along the XYZ-axes. Our new standard will make it possible to establish a “traceability route” between both instruments. The calibration

• grating is used for the comparison of the measurements performed by AFM and SEM and these measurements are traceable to SI units with the calibration of this standard through the implementation of the metrological AFM (mAFM) of LNE [12]. Secondly, we have to be capable of measuring exactly the same set of

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• collected using the pass energy of 50 eV. Charge compensation was achieved with the system dual beam flood gun. The Thermo Scientific Avantage software, version 5.9904 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), was used for digital acquisition and data processing. Spectral calibration was determined by using the automated

• calibration routine and the internal Au, Ag and Cu standards supplied with the K-Alpha system. Argon etching was done with ion gun (1.4 µA of 2 keV Ar+ ions over 8 mm2). The samples indented to be used in XPS and Auger were coated with an additional layer of SiO2 inside of the deposition chamber. This

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• case of XANES measurements, the analysis layer depth was ≈10 nm [49]. Calibration and normalization of the measured spectra was carried out using the signals from a pure gold film. Additionally, the positions of the core levels were controlled by the position of the C 1s level of the hydrocarbon

• of nanowire and nanopowder sensors towards different concentrations of ammonia. Calibration curves of the nanowire (NW) and sol–gel (nanopowder) sensors. Response of two sensors based on sol–gel technology and on an individual nanowire (NW) as a function of sensor temperature. parameters of power

• function approximation of calibration curves. Acknowledgements The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 18-29-24128. S.R., O.C. and S.T. (synchrotron studies and results discussion) acknowledge the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, State Task for Higher

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• response of the cantilever were simultaneously recorded with the topography and the lateral force signals using a digital lock-in amplifier supplied with the RHK R9 controller. The calibration of the detected variations in amplitude and phase into elastic and loss modulus with high accuracy requires a good

• against a material with known mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the calibration sample are considered to be known, either through independent measurements with another technique or from literature values. To obtain the effective elastic modulus, we adopted the mechanical properties from

• literature. By employing the normalization equation as below, the mechanical properties of the sample were determined. In this equation, the exponent m = 3/2 denotes a Hertzian contact, α is the normalized contact stiffness of either the test surface or calibration sample, is the effective elastic modulus

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• = (3SD)/k, where the SD is the standard deviation of the luminescence intensity of the Janus UCNP capsule motors and the k is the slope of the calibration curve (k = 18.95). Compared with the LOD of passive UCNPs (8.4 ng mL−1), the TNT detection efficiency is enhanced by 3.5 times. Conclusion We have