An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• as the pitch (red) and the resin (green) graphitized at 3000 °C. The sponge-like monolithic structure is retained even at high temperature. The resin-derived carbon monolith displays thicker macropore walls and a less homogenous macropore space, while the macroporosity of the pitch-based carbon

• of 0.2 mL/g. This quite high porosity is probably due to the fact that resin yields non-graphitizable carbon, i.e., cannot be converted into graphite, even at high temperature. The pores are formed due to the rigid network-like connection of the aromatic groups and the more isotropic arrangement of

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• ), and analyzed their physical and biological properties [18][19][20]. However, the hydrothermal method requires expensive autoclaves to maintain high temperature and pressure and uses toxic chemicals to yield different morphologies of Hap, especially nanorods [21]. These Hap nanorods possess enhanced

• 750 °C to 1000 °C [34]. Likewise, Venkatesan and Kim (2010) isolated Hap from Thunnus obesus fish and their study revealed that a high temperature facilitates aggregation and increases the crystal size of the nanoparticles [35]. On the other hand, it was proven by Hung et al. (2012) that an increase

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• different values of the additional parameters are shown in Figure 3. At low temperature, the Kondo resonances appear at the values of the chemical potentials (ω ≈ μL and ω ≈ μR), and their amplitudes decrease with increasing temperature, completely vanishing at high temperature. These findings are in

• are shown in Figure 9. At low temperature, similar to the case of U → ∞ (see Figure 2 and Figure 3), the Kondo resonances appear at the chemical potentials, and their amplitudes decrease with increasing temperature and disappear at high temperature. Besides the temperature-dependent narrow and sharp

• . In analogy to the case of U → ∞ (see Figure 5), the zero-bias peak appears in the plot of the differential conductance when the bias voltage equals the Zeeman energy (eV = Δεd = 0). Its shape strongly depends on the temperature. At high temperature, the zero-bias peak is not observed. With decreasing

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• of ZnFe2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with different rGO content were prepared via a simple solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature annealing process in an inert atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the introduction of rGO had no effect on the spinel structure of

• acetone at low temperature, even at room temperature [32]. Hence, with the aim to fabricate a high-performance acetone gas sensor, we prepared hollow spheres of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composites using a one-pot solvothermal method followed by a high-temperature heat treatment process in an inert

• Functional Chemistry Co., Ltd (Suzhou, China). All other reagents (analytical degree) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Samples synthesis Hollow spheres of pure ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method followed by a high

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• copper was the same. Therefore, direct comparison of the data in Figure 8a,b and in Figure 8d is possible. Based on these data, it can be assumed that the cooling rate in the experiment can be estimated at 1.25 K/ps. A direct measurement of the cooling rate in the experiment is impossible due to the high

• temperature of the sample in the evaporation chamber under irradiation by a relativistic electron beam. A rough estimate of the cooling rate based on the experimental parameters is 105 K/s, which is significantly less than the modelled value of 1012 K/s. This is most likely due to the strong nonequilibrium of

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• surprising as spin impurities reduce spin relaxation times. Furthermore, high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) NDs provide a good enhancement while natural diamonds are not useful with this technique due to the low concentration of spin impurities. Vials with deionized water and NDs in solution were imaged

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• autoclave, and 150 mL of deionized water was added to the autoclave. The autoclave was then heated to 180 °C or 250 °C and maintained at this temperature for 12 h. The reaction occurred in the quartz crucible under the environment of high-temperature vapor of deionized water. The thermal chemical vapor

• + [21][46]. The substitution of O2− by S2− in the TiO2 lattice is responsible for the formation of the Ti–S bond [21]. The occurrence of neutral S (S0) results from the hydrolysis of thiourea at high temperature [47]. Neutral S (S0) is believed to adsorb on the TiO2 surface or partially enter the

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• (DRIFT) study in [31]. After calcination, the peak below 600 K slightly increases and becomes broad. The high-temperature range for all three titanosilicates is characterized by notable desorption from the strong Brønsted basic sites. For Na,K-ETS-10, these are the oxygen atoms shared between Si and Ti

• to the expected surface dehydroxylation resulting from the high-temperature treatment. The obtained surface basic site density and corresponding intrinsic adsorption capacity are presented in Table 2. Surface characterization of the ETS-10-based titanosilicates by 29Si MAS NMR For quantitative

• -synthetic treatment to titanosilicates can change the state of titanium atoms from Ti(IV) to catalytically active Ti(III) [50]. Such a reduction to paramagnetic Ti in ETS-10 titanosilicates can occur as a result of high-temperature treatment under vacuum [51], treatment with H2 or CO at moderate to high

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• Information File 1). This confirms that the observed superhydrophilic and superoleophobic behavior arises from the MOF film. To illustrate the stability of the MOF under harsh conditions, the films were subjected to an acidic environment (pH 5, 12 h), a basic environment (pH 9, 12 h), high temperature (150 °C

• properties while maintaining transparency (see Figure S5.9, Supporting Information File 1). In addition, we found that these MOF films are stable in acidic (pH 5, 12 h) and basic conditions and at high temperature (150 °C, 12 h) (see Figure S8.3, Supporting Information File 1). To test the antifog properties

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• granules were covered with organic layers, presumably excess EDA. The solution was transferred on a silicon wafer to analyze the morphology changes by SEM as function of the heating time. When treated at high temperature for a short period of time (ca. 1 min), the granules were combined in a heap to form a

• no drastic change in the nitrile region (2200 cm−1). Moreover, the addition of an amine on a nitrile group cannot be achieved in a few seconds without catalyst despite the high temperature. The existence of carbonyl units at around 1700 cm−1 in COP-100 drew our attention. The carbonyl groups could

• the hydrophobic nanoporous polymer at high temperature [27]. The COP-100-Film was formed much slower when the temperature was below 80 °C, supporting that the amide formation by the condensation reaction was crucial for processing the nanoporous polymer. The quick amide formation made the COP-100

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• of a high-temperature (DUT-98ht) phase was proposed. Although the structure of this phase could not be refined from PXRD and single crystal diffraction data, the obtained PXRD patterns were found to be very similar to the cp phase. In addition, DRIFT analysis indicates that the transition is

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• to 670 m2·g−1 and to 0.27 cm3·g−1, while the nitrogen content increases to 6.3 wt % (Table 1). This observation is related to an intensified chemical activation process due to the high amount of urea and the formation of ammonia during the high-temperature treatment, leading to a higher consumption

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• show the properties of a bulk-like crystalline rock-salt TiO phase, unlike previous studies on the crystallography and electronic structure of TiO, which were based on defective thin films formed on various surfaces, e.g., TiC(100) [23] or TiO2(110) [24]. γ-TiO is the high-temperature phase with a NaCl

• reached on the STO surface (below 10−20 mbar). As a result of the high-temperature reduction (1150 °C, 1 h) under such conditions, a macroscopic network of nanowires was formed. After slow cooling down to room temperature, the samples were transferred in situ to the microscope chamber of an Omicron RT STM

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• molecules. The one-dimensional carbon materials prepared through high-temperature carbonization of C70 crystalline assemblies showed high specific capacitances at a high current density and scan rate [243]. These nano-engineered one-dimensional carbon materials might be useful as electrode materials for

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• high temperatures in the range of 300–800 °C. The development of high-temperature gas sensors requires the creation of new materials that are stable under these conditions. The stability of nanostructured semiconductor oxides at high temperature can be enhanced by creating composites with highly

• an n–n heterojunction at the ZnO/SiC interface. Keywords: electrospinning; high temperature gas sensor; n–n heterojunction; ZnO/SiC nanocomposite; Introduction The risk of air pollution is growing due to the development of new technologies in the chemical, metallurgical and food industries, the use

• –800 °C. The composition of the main components of exhaust gas includes CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, CnH2n+2, and NH3. The ratio of these components depends primarily on the technology features and fuel type. High-temperature gas sensors are needed for local monitoring of pollution emissions, as well as for

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• morphological techniques to analyze the ITO thin films, we could report improvements in film quality following the RTA treatment. These properties are clearly evidenced by XRD in Figure 2. The investigated XRD patterns for the as-deposited ITO films showed a cubic nanocrystalline structure. Due to the high

• temperature used during RTA, the films became polycrystalline. An increase of the peak intensity with the increase in film thickness to 370 nm can also be noticed (Figure 2), as well as a structural reorientation (decrease of the main peak intensity and the appearance of other peaks in the film structure

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• reaction as Metallic tin forms on the surface nanodrops, dissolving tin dioxide and the products of the incomplete oxidation of tin (SnO, Sn2O3, Sn3O4) from the argon flow. This dissolution leads finally to the saturation of tin with tin dioxide that is stable at high temperature. After this saturation

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• by a calcination method at high temperature in the presence of air [1][14][15][16][17]. However, this process can also lead to structural damage due to the removal of organic components from the template at high temperature [18]. Since the high quality of mesoporous silica nanomaterials can increase

• very interesting to utilize this nanocomposite for the growth of AuNPs in the silicate nanochannels. Recently, mesoporous silica nanomaterials were not only used as a support to control the size of the AuNPs [28], but also to enhance the thermal stability after heat treatment at high temperature [29

• heating at high temperature. Figure 4a,b shows the XRD patterns of [Au3Pz3]C10TEG/silicahex in the range of 190 to 450 °C (plots (a)–(e)). In both methods, the diffraction peaks for d100 were still preserved due to good thermal stability and the well-ordered pore structure of [Au3Pz3]C10TEG/silicahex

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• treatment can be used to improve the carbon corrosion resistance of the CNT. In fact, annealing at high temperature (above 1000 °C) is used to remove structural defects from the CNT in order to obtained more stable [36] and more conductive [37] structures. In the case of the N-CNTs, the thermal annealing

• (and lower LD) for the N-CNT sample, which is in accordance with the TEM observations. The N-CNTHT sample shows a decrease in the number of defects compared to N-CNT, as expected after the high temperature treatment. S-CNTs constitute an intermediate situation. The d002 inter-planar spacing results

• at a binding energy of 781.1 and 796.2 eV [95]. However, the CoN4 single atoms are usually prepared by high temperature pyrolysis, and in our case, the synthesis is conducted at room temperature. It is very unlikely that CoN4 species will be formed under these conditions. The results of the XPS

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• (caution: after high-temperature treatment the ampules are under pressure, which is released during opening) and the monolithic solids were ground and thoroughly washed with water and diluted HCl (0.1 M). Finally, the solids were finely ground using a laboratory ball mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 23, 5 min

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• . However, they are typically produced under harsh synthesis conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and/or by employing a large amount of solvent. In this work, a facile, water-based, rapid method has been proposed to fabricate lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors. In this sense, sub

• , numerous methods for obtaining phosphors to be used either over blue LED or UV LED have been reported. However, these materials require harsh synthesis conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and water-free solvents, which can restrict their commercialization. In this context, several

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• aqueous solutions of ZnO and CZO-4 (8 ppm) were used to measure the specific chemical compositions. Conclusion In this study, we synthesized spherical ZnO and a series of rod-like Ce/ZnO catalysts via high temperature pyrolysis to investigate their photocatalytic performance using RhB as a model pollutant

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• bulk, whereas high-temperature annealing causes a quality degradation of the adjacent interfaces. Light of short wavelengths below 460 nm induces defect generation in the forward measurement and the leakage current increases in the reverse measurement, especially for the low-temperature-annealed device

• irrespective of treatment temperature. NBIS-induced critical instability occurs in the high-temperature-annealed TFT. Keywords: metal oxide; photo-induced instabilities; photon energy; thermal annealing; thin-film transistor (TFT) device; Introduction The rapid process of industrialization and

• this work, we investigate the impact of annealing temperature on the initial electrical characteristics and photo-induced instabilities in a-IGZO TFTs. The obtained electrical parameters imply that low- and high-temperature annealing leverage the generation of defects in the active layer as well as its

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• ]. Typically, these nanostructures are synthesized by means of high-temperature reactions that allow the formation of different metal sulfide nanotubes [4][5]. Another type of hollow nanostructure, inorganic fullerene-like structures (IFs), is the result of bending of a 2D layer of WS2 or any other 2D material

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• milling method is similar to that obtained by the conventional method. However, the incorporation of oxygen and nitrogen in the activated structures is lower than in carbonized samples. Activation at high temperature results in a structure with higher chemical stability and lower amount of defects in