Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• time in the dark, the absorbance was measured by a UV–vis plate reader (Multiskan GO, Thermo scientific, Germany) at 517 nm. The inhibition activity (inhibition [%]) was calculated as where Asample is the absorbance of the sample and A0 is the absorbance of the control (DPPH solution). The resulting

• linear function of inhibition against concentration was used to calculate the IC50 value (µg/mL). The IC50 value represents the concentration needed to scavenge 50% of the free radical. Rutin, which was used in this study as model drug, is a well-known antioxidant. Hence, if chemical degradation of the

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• the inhibition of proliferation by the silica shells. On day 3, however, the fluorescence intensity in silica-coated cells was even higher than in the control cells, apparently due to the partial destruction of the shells and the release of HeLa cells. Although non-compromised viability is an

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• thickness of these nanostructures was obtained by reducing the cycles of deposition during the ALD process [18][45][46]. The antibacterial activity of CSTiO2 and TiO2 NPs was evaluated by the inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus (control strain ATCC®6538TM and resistant strain MRSA 97-7 and MRSA

• ). The I(q)–q plot of CSTiO2 structures obtained by SAXS. Percent inhibition of nanostructures against resistant and control bacterial strains. Effect of UV irradiation on the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles at 100 µg mL−1. The percent inhibition of the S. aureus MRSA 97-7 strain against 100 µg

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• cells and were not re-sensitised by doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles to the level of parental cells. ABCB1 inhibition using zosuquidar resulted in similar effects like nanoparticle incorporation, indicating that doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles successfully circumvent ABCB1-mediated drug efflux. The

• limited re-sensitisation of UKF-NB-3rDOX20 cells to doxorubicin by circumvention of ABCB1-mediated efflux is probably due to the presence of multiple doxorubicin resistance mechanisms. So far, ABCB1 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials probably because systemic ABCB1 inhibition results in a modified

• development of highly specific allosteric ABCB1 inhibitors (of which zosuquidar is one) [5][21]. One reason for this is that ABCB1 is expressed at various physiological borders and involved in the control of the body distribution of its many endogenous and exogenous substrates. Systemic ABCB1 inhibition can

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• the main active substance in the photocatalytic process. Secondly, the presence of KI and IPA also inhibits the degradation of RhB, but the inhibition effect is slightly less. It has been proved that the h+ and ·OH are also active species but are not as active as O2− in the photodegradation process

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• mL) served as a control. DPPH inhibition was determined as follows: where A0 and A1 are the absorbance of the control and the sample, respectively. The results from the DPPH assay were expressed as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), which is the amount of substance required to decrease

• ) hydroquinone (CS-H), and (v) phloroglucinol (CS-P). (b) 1H NMR spectra of (i) CS and (ii) CS-G. (c) Dependence of DPPH inhibition on the concentration of modified chitosans. TEM micrographs of (a) γ-Fe2O3, (c) γ-Fe2O3@Hep, (d) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-H, (e) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G, and (f) γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-P nanoparticles. (b

• . Free radical scavenging of the phenolic compound-modified particles. (a) Inhibition as a function of the concentration of γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G (black squares), γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-H (red circles), and γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-P particles (blue triangles) according to the DPPH assay and (b) absorbance of DPPH solution

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• with 2 M NaCl) fractions as a percentage of total nanoparticles applied to the column. Results are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Determination of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of FluPep and and FluPep ligand in a plaque assay. Inhibition of plaque formation as a function of the

• concentration of FluPep and FluPep ligand. Inset: IC50 values. Results are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Effect of gold nanoparticles functionalised with FluPep ligand on influenza virus plaque formation. Inhibition of plaque formation as a function of the concentration of gold nanoparticles functionalised with

• bound (eluted with 2 M NaCl) fractions as a percentage of the total nanoparticles applied to the column. Results are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Determination of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of silver nanoparticles functionalised with FluPep ligand. Inhibition of plaque formation as a

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• surface (TGP-550Air), which suffered from inhibition by the adsorption of VO2 [23][29]. The excessive exposure of the edge plane led to an activity decrease at TGP-CSnPc-600Air and TGP-CSnPc-650Air due to this inhibition and the optimized activity was attained with TGP-CSnPc-550Air in this study. The

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• , proliferation and inflammation in rBCEC4 cells Possible changes in protein expression representing inhibition or activation of several crucial proteins of different signaling pathways involved in regulatory processes including cell survival and proliferation were investigated with western blotting. The active

• physicochemical properties, the formation of NP clusters before entry into the cell may modulate the cellular uptake [9][34]. NPs might not only cause cytotoxicity but also hinder proliferation, differentiation or lead to inflammation via activation or inhibition of various pathways including phosphatidylinositol

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• an inhibition of the crystal formation in the resulting TiO2 layers, and the authors attributed this to the amorphous titania being constrained in the organic matrix. As a consequence, an investigation of the crystallinity of Zn-alkoxide layers would shed a light on the evolution of the ZnO crystals

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• study reports the beneficial role of PHE interleaved into LDH as a self-healing agent for polymer coating in corrosion inhibition for aluminium substrates [16]. Due to the presence of benzene (for PHE) or the heterocyclic imidazole ring (for HIS), both organic molecules should absorb in the short to

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• potent estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen [26]. These nanoparticles were capable to induce a significant in vivo tumour growth inhibition due to the enhanced nanoparticle uptake within the tumoral cells owing to the strong interaction between the antibody and HER2. Another interesting possibility is

• vectorization for enhancing the cell growth inhibition. In these cases, the goal is to drive the payload to the nucleus after selective internalization in the cytoplasm. Nuclear delivery with the HIV trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptoid in combination with the vasculature and tumor cell membrane

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• stimulated growth, and results below 100% to show a growth inhibition. Cell viabilities equal or less than 50% were assumed to indicate a toxic effect [45]. All quantitative WST-8 tests were carried out in triplicate. The data were expressed as means ± standard deviation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy A

• seen at 300 µg/mL. For A549 cells, no toxicity was noted in the tested concentration range and there was no strong cell-growth inhibition. BEAS-2B cells were the least affected by the presence of HAp nanoparticles, and no strong growth inhibitions were noted in this case as well. A toxic effect on the

• ][64][65]. Cell-growth inhibition could be related to the presence of a slight excess of calcium ions inside the cytoplasm, which disrupts the intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibits cells transcriptional and translational processes [66][67], slowing down proliferation and cell growth. Calcium

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• for inducing tumor growth inhibition in vivo without exhibit nonspecific phototoxicity [35]. In addition, this value is lower than the power used in many in vivo studies [36][37][38]. Figure 2 summarizes the heating characteristics of Au@alendronate NPs, measured in water as a function of the gold

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• doxorubicin (Dox), which is considered as one of the most potent FDA-approved antitumor drugs [1]. Dox realizes its therapeutic effect via the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II and the generation of free radicals, leading to cell membrane damage, inhibition of macromolecule production, and ultimately

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• nanoparticles and nanocomplexes. We also demonstrated the biological activity of the latter with an example of inhibition of influenza A virus replication in cell culture. Results and Discussion Si–NH2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrolysis of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The resulting product

• nanocomplexes is detected not only in the cytoplasm, but also in nuclei of the human cells (Figure 5, lower panel). Some nuclei are colored more intensely than the cytoplasm in this case. The biological properties of the proposed Si–NH2·ODN nanocomplexes are demonstrated with an example of the inhibition of the

• cells with an example using the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) reproduction. The Si–NH2·ODN nanocomplex containing ODN(4) targeted to the 3’-noncoding regions of viral (−)RNA of IAV segment 5 and the control ODN(5) with a random sequence were assayed for the antiviral activity against avian

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• inhibit the cancer cells of an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mouse xenograft model with increased blood retention time [20]. Furthermore, a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer stabilized with a silver nanoparticle surface for the encapsulation of 5-FU showed synergistic growth inhibition in A549 and

• CaP NPs in HCT-15 cell lines (Figure 4C). The same was found in 22.3% and 18.68% of inhibition in A549 and NIH 3T3 cell lines as demonstrated in Figure 4B and Figure 4A, respectively. The comparative low cytotoxicity of CaP NPs as a carrier (even at a higher concentration of 100 µg/mL) reveals the

• pathological and toxicological aspects [37]. A misbalance in the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in the progression of cell death. The ≈20% growth inhibition due to CaP NPs might be due to hypercalcemia [38] or other cellular interference issues caused by calcium. The cytotoxic examination was further

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• photocatalytic reaction system contribute to the decomposition of pollutant [48][49][50][51][52]. We performed radical-scavenger tests to determine the active species in the degradation of RhB. As displayed in Figure 9, the addition of isopropanol (IPA) resulted in a slight inhibition of the RhB degradation

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• released 0.634 μg (8.7%) Zn2+. The results also demonstrate the inhibition behavior of the NDM layer. In the time ranges of 3.5–7.5 h and 7.5–12 h, the sample with NDM releases Zn2+ abruptly under irradiation (0.592 μg and 0.754 μg) as shown in Figure 7b, compared with Zn-Ag-TNTs under illumination (0.196

• infiltrate the nanotubes to increase the amount of Zn2+ released. The hydrophobic layer (NDM) can be applied for the inhibition of drug release, and thereby to extend the course of drug release. Meanwhile, visible light can be used to control drug release via degradation of the polymer coating on the

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• [125]. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity is mainly due to two reasons: (i) inhibition in recombination of electron–hole pairs by the effective transport of photoinduced electrons from the CB of TiO2 to RGO [126][127], and (ii) higher light absorption due to the development in surface

• only retards the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, but also extends the absorption edge towards the visible region. Moreover, an increase in the Ni content hinders aggregation of TiO2 because an appreciable amount of NiO restricts the growth of TiO2 particles. The inhibition in

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• forming carbon. Thus, the high energy barrier of CO could prevent the formation of carbon. Djaidja et al. [78] highlighted that the inhibition of carbon deposition over a Ni–M/MgO catalyst is a result of increasing the adsorption of CO2 on the support surface, enhancing the rate of surface reaction and

• catalysts prepared by various preparation methods have been observed by numerous researchers [91][92][93][94]. The catalyst preparation technique is an alternative approach to achieve carbon inhibition by controlling particle size and metal loading during catalyst preparation. The pivotal factors

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• . This work uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to show the cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to inhibit corrosion of zinc in 0.1M chloride with an inhibition efficiency of up to 85%. Only a monomolecular adsorption layer of β-CD is present on the surface of the oxide covered metal

• interface, closely resembling the energy level alignment in an n–p junction. The energy level shift is too large to permit further electron transfer through the layer, inhibiting corrosion. Adsorption hence changes the defect density in the protecting ZnO layer. This mechanism of corrosion inhibition shows

• inhibitors [8][12][13]. Metallic zinc is industrially used for cathodic protection of steel [15]. In this work, the inhibition of zinc corrosion by β-CD was investigated electrochemically. Inhibition efficiencies were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). After exposure to chloride

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• albicans (C. albicans)) activity under visible-light irradiation and in the dark using disk diffusion, suspension, colony growth (“poisoned food”) and sporulation methods. It was found that silver-modified titania, besides remarkably high antibacterial activity (inhibition of bacterial proliferation

• and sporulation by gold-modified titania. Although, the growth of fungi was hardly inhibited through disc diffusion (inhibition zones around discs), it indicates that gold does not penetrate into the media, and thus, a good stability of plasmonic photocatalysts has been confirmed. In summary, it was

• further clarify (1) the mechanism of antimicrobial action of plasmonic photocatalysts, (2) key factors of the high activity against various microorganisms, (3) the correlation between the inactivation and complete decomposition of bacteria, (4) the inhibition of filamentous fungal growth and sporulation

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68