Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• microscopy (AFM) techniques emerge as ideal tools to investigate them [26][27]. Depending on the operation mode and under controlled environmental conditions, AFM offers the possibility to record morphology along with relevant electronic, mechanical, or magnetic properties with nanoscale resolution. In

• height dependence with the voltage is not seen when the flakes are supported on a conducting substrate (see Supporting Information File 1, section SI.4). Moreover, we can examine a nanoscale heterogeneous sample, such as a partially reduced rGO flake. The transition from GO to rGO under reduction with

• local degree of reduction, with a lateral size for the domains that varies from tens to hundreds of nanometers. This confirms, on the one hand, that this mechanism achieves nanoscale resolution, primarily attributable to the tip, and, on the other hand, that the voltage dissipation mechanism depends on

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• devices. Keywords: CuO; hydrothermal method; rapid thermal annealing; thin films; Introduction Copper(II) oxide is a p-type semiconductor possessing a narrow bandgap, along with many beneficial electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Particularly at the nanoscale, these properties set themselves

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• possible to deterministically produce a nanoscale topography on the surface of almost any substrate [1]. FIB milling was originally established in semiconductor technology [2] and materials science applications [3]. Now it is increasingly used for fabrication of complex micro- and nanoscale structures and

• nanoscale precipitates of gallium atoms, visible as small bright spots in Figure 3f–h, appeared in the redeposited layer. Comparing the left sides of the box in Figure 3f–h, it can be seen that the relative amount of deposited material decreased after the second and third ion beam passes because of the

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• suspensions. The UV–vis spectra show absorbance bands from 200–400 nm that are typical for the colloidal systems with nanoscale particles [24][25]. The UV–vis spectrum of GQDs shows a characteristic feature of GO at ≈300 nm due to the absorption of the graphitic structure [26], while that of titanium

• strategy employing TiO2/GQDs was used to fabricate a sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of URI and HYP in real samples. The decoration of nanoscale TiO2 with GQDs can provide excellent electrode modification because of the combination of enlarged active surface area and strong adsorptive

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; elastic modulus; gallium oxide; mechanical properties; nanowire; scanning electron microscopy

• chemical stability [4][5]. Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for visible-blind UV-light sensors [3], power devices and optoelectronics [6][7][8][9], gas sensors [10], and memory devices [8]. These applications can be scaled down to the nanoscale, including flexible nanodevices. Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) could be

• -Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Results For structural analysis of the as-grown NW arrays on Si(100)/SiO2 substrates, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted. The marked

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• ; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for nanoscale imaging and characterization [1][2]. This technique involves the excitation and detection of multiple frequencies to improve data acquisition speed, sensitivity, and resolution, as well as to enable material

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• systems by architecting atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as building blocks [1]. This interplay at the nanoscale renders a plethora of unique physicochemical properties to nanomaterials. These unique properties are due to the mean free path of an electron in a metal which is ≈10–100 nm at room

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• conductivity [10][11][12]. On the nanoscale, TiN finds applications as additive in titanium alloys, as catalyst support material, as supercapacitor component, and as nanocoating for medical implants [13][14][15][16]. Furthermore, ultra-small TiN nanodots have been successfully obtained through liquid

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• nanoscale resolution of AFM-IR down to 10 nm [3]. Nowadays, the limit of the spatial resolution is given by the apex of the AFM tip. One of the first AFM-IR demonstrations was reported in 2005 by Dazzi et al. [4], who presented AFM-IR spectra of single bacterial cells. Further on, this technique became more

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• surface reactions; Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a state-of-the-art direct-write process for the fabrication of nanoscale materials and devices with arbitrary shape and size down to the sub-10 nm regime [1][2][3]. In FEBID, precursor molecules that contain the element

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• GQDs with nanoscale size composed of few-layer graphene. These results confirm that the supernatant contains GQDs. Similarly, the supernatants from the CF/GQDs suspensions synthesized at 140 and 180 °C (Figure 2c) also contain graphene quantum dots (Figure 2c). Figure 3 presents some characterisations

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• nanoscale devices [8]. When deposited on a transparent substrate in the form of a low-density mesh, metal NWs can provide electrical conductivity while retaining sufficient transparency. The growing demand for transparent conductive materials has stimulated numerous studies aimed at the design, preparation

• organics. However, when the size of the structures is reduced to the nanoscale, metals exhibit distinct behavior at elevated temperatures compared to their larger counterparts [20][21]. Generally, a reduction in the melting point occurs as the size and dimensionality of the nanostructures decrease [20][22

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• of plasmonic materials, which extensively respond to electromagnetic waves with proper wavelengths in terms of free electrons resonating to the incident waves [9][15]. This is the fundamental principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Moreover, plasmons are easily controlled at the nanoscale

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• : (1) nanoliposomes, which are a nanoscale bilayer lipid vesicle [132]; (2) nanocapsules, which consist of an inner aqueous core surrounded by a nontoxic polymeric membrane [133]; (3) solid lipid nanoparticles, which consist of a solid lipid core stabilized by a surfactant [134]; and (4) nanocrystals

• clinical research to clinical practice, some limitations of metal-based nanoantioxidants need to be overcome. First, the nanoscale size of metal-based nanoantioxidants makes these materials distinct from bulk materials because of the quantum size effect. The uncommon nanoscale sizes, which are not familiar

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• Research and Innovation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies University, Dehradun 248007, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.33 Abstract Desired modifications of surfaces at the nanoscale may be achieved using energetic ion beams. In the present work, a complete study of self-assembled ripple pattern

• in a controlled manner on a wide variety of substrates with required dimensions. There are reports from 1960’s, by Cunningham et al. [1] and Navez et al. [2], on the production of submicron and nanoscale patterns by IBS. However, with the availability of high-resolution tools such as atomic force

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• 100 nm boundary of the EU nanomaterial definition, but the TiO2 pigment manufacturing processes results in a finite nanoscale content fraction. This optically inefficient nanoscale fraction needs to be quantified in line with EU regulations. In this paper, we describe the measurement procedures used

• nanoscale fraction shows the largest deviations, but even here the reproducibility is good. The data were fitted under the assumption that the particle size has a log-normal distribution, the values μ* and σ* were calculated, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test was applied to test the significance of the

• also full spectral data are recorded. Laboratory experimental samples preparation Laboratory anatase samples with varying particle sizes were prepared to test the hypotheses that the optical properties of nanoscale TiO2 are different from pigmentary TiO2 and that the scattering power and blue or yellow

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• them effectively for regulated use. Although NMs are utilized in therapeutics, their cytotoxicity has attracted great attention. Nanoscale quantitative structure–property relationship (nano-QSPR) models can help in understanding the relationship between NMs and the biological environment and provide

• structural diversity of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeOx NPs) poses significant challenges in determining their toxic effect on living cells [14][15]. Works related to nanoscale toxicity modeling have been published [16][17][18][19][20] to predict the toxicity profile of MeOx NPs on various cell lines and

• species. The most important criterion to improve nanoscale toxicity models is the selection of the appropriate structural descriptors of NPs. Periodic table-based descriptors have been a promising tool in predicting toxicity profiles and risk assessment of MeOx NPs with high predictivity and

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• anticancer drugs while mitigating the adverse effects of large dosage administration [6][7]. Additionally, it offers several advantages, such as controlled release, targeted drug delivery, and improved stability [8]. Moreover, nanoscale drug delivery systems hold great promise for specific cancer treatments

• neurotransmitter naturally occurring in the brain and can spontaneously polymerize into polydopamine (PDA) under alkaline conditions without oxidants [22]. Polydopamine can form a coating with biocompatibility advantages, achieving up to 40% photothermal conversion efficiency, nanoscale dimensions, and

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• topography images of standard nanoscale spherical particles and rectangular parallelepiped nanostructures of known shapes and to quantitatively estimate the shape of the tip by measuring the known nanostructures in advance. However, tip characterizers with fixed bodies present significant cost and

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• biologically relevant molecules and nanoscale materials, such as aluminum, has become an increasingly important and intriguing area of research [4]. For long-term storage and preservation of prepared food, the choice of containers and utensils made from specific materials is essential [5]. For example, it was

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• method for nanofabrication such as FIB, which also happens to cover the low-energy interaction regime. The method is widely available as a complement to scanning electron microscopes. Focused ion beams allow for both subtractive and additive nanoscale manufacturing [31] and can also be used for chemical

• modifications, which can be further exploited in novel material processing at the nanoscale. Experimental DNA origami synthesis Rothemund 2D triangles were synthesized by mixing 6 nM M13mp18 scaffold ssDNA with 144 nM staple strands in 1× TAE buffer supplemented with 12.5 mM MgCl2 (folding buffer, FOB) and

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• to vulcanized NR. Moreover, nanoscale carbon-derived materials such as graphene and GO pose limitations in traditional NR vulcanization due to their associated high production costs. However, when ultilized in small quantities, nanoscale carbon-derived materials demonstrate potential in graft

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• applications in many fields of science and technology, including nanofabrication [1], optical coatings [2], sensing [3][4][5], and others [6]. Many synthesis protocols have been developed for precise control of the pore structure of PAAO [7], which allow for the creation of nanoscale patterns for various types

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• toxicity of nanoscale agrochemicals and the unknown risks to the environment and humans have been gaining greater attention [9]. The application of ZnO NPs to the soil as fertilizers and pesticides has given rise to increasing usage of ZnO NPs in consumer products and agriculture [15]. The global yearly