Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• Abstract In this work, we analyze artificial heavy-metal solutions with ferrite nanoparticles. Measurements of adsorption effectiveness of different kinds of particles, pure magnetite or magnetite doped with calcium, cobalt, manganese, or nickel ions, were carried out. A dependence of the adsorption

• , for example such as linker concentration, heavy ions concentration, pH value, or inorganic core composition, and such studies are in progress and will be a subject of subsequent papers. Conclusion Ferrite nanoparticles doped with calcium, cobalt, nickel, or manganese show differences in ion adsorption

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• that they are lying flat on the surface in a trans-conformation. Within the limits of our Kelvin probe microscopy setup a charge transfer from NiO to the molecular layer of 0.3 electrons per molecules was observed only in the areas where the molecules are closed packed. Keywords: metal oxide; nickel

• blue in the Figure) on top of the nickel atoms. However, even at low coverage, single molecules are less regularly observed than molecular clusters. Indeed, as shown in Figure 4a by the arrows, DCPDMbpy appears frequently to aggregate in windmill-shaped clusters. A preferential orientation along the

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• properties that make them the material of choice for many applications [2]. In general, 1D-CNs grow via catalytic centers, typically transition metals such as iron, cobalt or nickel, in the constant presence of a carbon source at temperatures ranging from several hundred up to over thousand degrees Celsius

• range of the utilized type of magnet (<80 °C). In contrast to previous studies, we used NiCl2·6H2O as catalyst with a 60 nm thick copper layer on a silicon wafer. Interestingly, this allows us to run the growth procedure without the usual reduction step in which hydrogen reduces the nickel catalyst into

• its pure state before growth [35]. Based on our observations, we conclude that the 60 nm copper layer on the Si substrate plays an important role for the reduction of the nickel catalysts because experiments with nickel on pure Si or SiO2 substrates without copper show no or diminishing CNF growth

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• nickel hydroxide in hydrogen atmosphere [15]. The hybrid showed improved cycling stability in lithium–sulfur batteries as compared to the electrode made from porous carbon only. Cai et al. have synthesized N-doped hierarchical porous carbon–CNT hybrids using a melamine-formaldehyde resin, Fe/Co catalyst

• synthesized using Ni/Mo, Co/Mo, and Fe/Mo catalysts are 0.9, 1.5, and 2.3 atom %, respectively. The obtained concentrations correlate with nitrogen solubility in liquid nickel and binary nickel-containing alloys [30]. The XPS N 1s spectra of the three hybrid materials are compared in Figure 5a. The spectra

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• similar to that of metal carbonyls [1]. For example, referring to results of our investigations, the Mulliken atomic charge of the silver atom is 0.27, which is smaller than 1.30 or 0.69 of iron or nickel atoms, consisting of the most prominent carbonyls used as precursors for FEBID [19]. In any case, the

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• nanostructures for a broad range of technical applications. Experimental Materials Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), diethylene glycol (DEG), acetone, copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O), nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O), cobalt

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• calculations with parallel and antiparallel magnetization of the Ni leads. The very strong interaction with the ignoble Ni surface leads, however, to a complete loss of the molecular properties of the organic material. For this reason, we introduce a single layer of graphene between the nickel surfaces and the

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• -methylethylenediamine (95%, Sigma-Aldrich) instead of 1,2-diaminopropane. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer operating at 40 kV and 40 mA using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) with a copper target and a nickel filter. The surface morphology and microstructure of the

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• -supported graphene transfer laborious and time consuming [35][36][37]. The standard catalyst and growth substrate used to synthesize graphene by chemical vapor deposition is copper due its effective decomposition of hydrocarbons and its low carbon solubility as compared to the use of nickel as a substrate

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• rate 5 Å/min, temperature 325 °C) on a 30 nm thick nickel bottom electrode on top of a Si(100)/SiO2 wafer (Figure 2). Here, Ni substrates were selected for the growth of CuTPP(OMe)4 in order to investigate a system that may possess valuable possibilities for future device applications, in which the

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• the hollow nanostructure. As noted above, PVP is widely used as a colloidal stabilizer to inhibit the aggregation of metal nanoparticles such as gold [49][50][51][52], silver [53][54], platinum [55][56][57], palladium [46][57][58][59], nickel [60][61], and cobalt [62][63]. To verify this hypothesis in

• formation of the chain structure; indeed, there have been some reports describing the formation of gold and nickel nanochains using PVP as a colloidal stabilizer [60][64][65]. Furthermore, in our experiments, we noted that the presence of the magnetic stirrer was also critical for the formation of the

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• and g values were kept identical for the two nickel atoms. By taking into account the zero-field splitting and temperature-independent paramagnetism (TIP), reasonable fits of the experimental data were possible, yielding J = +23 cm−1 (g = 2.20, D = 2.59 cm−1) for 7 and J = +25 cm−1 (g = 2.25, D = 3.21

• -structural correlation has recently been reported for related dinuclear nickel complexes of the type [Ni2LMe2H4(μ-L’)]+, where L’ = F−, Cl−, Br−, OH−, and N3−) [58]. The J-values were found to depend primarily on the bridging Ni–S–Ni and Ni–L’–Ni angles. The findings made for the carboxylato-bridged

• compounds are in good agreement with the reported trend. Chemisorption of complexes 6–8 on gold surfaces In view of the results obtained with the complexes 2 and 3, the deposition of the nickel complexes 6–8 on flat gold surfaces was examined. The deposition experiments were carried out in solution

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• . Subsequently, the paste was coated uniformly on the nickel net and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 12 h. Prior to cell assembly, the electrodes were cut into circular disks with a diameter of 16 mm. The testing cells employed Celgard 2300 membrane as separator, lithium foil as both reference and

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• NO2. At lower temperatures (100 °C), NiO devices are too resistive to be measured in our test chamber. NiO has hardly been studied as a material for chemical sensors. Hence, there are only few reports about a tentative NO2 sensing mechanism. Zhang et. al. [24] pointed out that nickel vacancies could

• oxides of nickel, tungsten, niobium, zinc and tin. The structures were directly deposited on functional substrates using various techniques and procedures. We have demonstrated that a direct integration with all the three presented deposition techniques is possible, which is an essential feature to

• using an ultrasonic cleaner for 15 min to remove dust and impurities from the substrates. Substrates were dried with pure compressed air. The following techniques were used to grow different metal oxide nanostructures. Evaporation–condensation technique: NiO, SnO2, ZnO The growth of nickel oxide (NiO

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 ribbon exhibits a higher onset crystallization temperature and higher ΔTx parameter. The addition of nickel can improve the thermal stability of Mg-based metallic glasses. Moreover, the determination of the crystallization temperature is helpful to prepare nanocrystalline samples by heat treatment

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• carbon in nickel at high temperatures and removing the metal after the deposition process. Here carbon is introduced into Ni by deposition of C/Ni sandwich layers or by ion implantation [28] or dissolution of carbon into nickel in a plasma-enhanced CVD process [29]. Upon heating up to about 1000 °C

• carbon dissolves in Ni with a substantial solubility and during cooling down it segregates to the Ni–substrate interface where it precipitates as graphene. After etching off the nickel, the graphene film is exposed. The complete process sequence is shown in Figure 2 [29]. By choosing the appropriate

• dielectric/nickel stack on graphene as a function of the graphene device area. The 200 nm thick Ni film was introduced as a layer to provoke delamination through tensile stress. The existence of a distinctive device area threshold for delamination can clearly be seen. This indicates that delamination effects

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• of carbon nanofibers on nickel nanoparticles and suggested the growth mechanism involving the surface diffusion. They observed the movement of atoms on the surface of the crystalline nickel cluster and change of its shape during the growth process. It was concluded that the surface transport of

• metal, ΔHfusion is the latent heat of fusion, ρs and ρl are the densities of solid and liquid metal, respectively, σsl is the solid–liquid interfacial energy and σl is the surface energy of the liquid [50][51]. Figure 2 demonstrates the melting temperature of iron, nickel, gold and silver particles as a

• nanotubes. Figure 4a–d shows the changes in Gibbs free energy for the reaction between Ni and different carbon precursors (CO, CH4, C2H4 and C2H2). According to these data, nickel carbide forms under a broad range of temperatures for the reaction with C2H4 and C2H2 (Figure 4a,b), while temperatures higher

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• for GO reduction [193]. This hybrid shows higher catalytic activity than Co(OH)2 for phenol degradation and it takes only 10 min for 100% phenol removal. Nickel oxide (NiO)–graphene hybrids NiO, a p-type wide band gap semiconductor is extensively used as catalyst, battery cathode, electrochemical

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• is not observed in other ferromagnetic materials such as nickel and iron. Synthesizing anisotropic and hierarchical nanostructures of cobalt is an effective strategy for tuning its electronic, magnetic and crystal properties. The interest in these nanostructures lies in comprehending the physical and

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• microstructural changes and phase transformations induced by nanoindentation and annealing in Ni [1] and Ag thin films [2] on Si substrates. They revealed that the distortion of the crystalline structure induced by indentation enhances the diffusivity of metal atoms and prompts the formation of nickel and silver

• indented region and the microstructural changes caused by annealing remained poorly understood. Annealing-induced shape recovery of indents produced by nanoindentation is well-documented for thin nickel–titanium films; yet, in this case the recovery is related to diffusionless martensite–austenite

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• various chemical elements have been investigated. In particular, foams from transition metals and noble metals have attracted attention, and interesting applications have been developed. Nickel nanofoam has been used for glucose sensing [1] and also been suggested for high-performance supercapacitor

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• electrochemical properties (C = 160–180 mAh·g−1 at C/10; U = 2.5–4.6 V) remains attractive until now [2][3][4]. Most of the studies deal with Li(Ni,Mn)O2 with equimolar amounts of nickel and manganese. The influence of the Ni/Mn ratio on the properties of these materials is discussed in [5]. One of the obstacles

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• the role of GB in ferromagnetic behaviour was supported by our new results on ZnO doped with nickel and iron [6][9][12] as well as by measurements with low-energy muon spin relaxation combined with molecular dynamics modeling and density functional theory calculations [13]. These new results

• ferromagnetic behaviour of zinc oxide and developed our own method for the synthesis of pure and doped nanocrystalline ZnO films. The obtained data are summarized in Figure 1 for pure ZnO and ZnO doped with manganese, cobalt, iron and nickel [6][7][8][9]. The full list of used references can be found in [6][7

• . Indeed, pure ZnO possesses ferromagnetic properties at sGB > sth = 5.3 × 107 m2/m3 [7], in other words at grain sizes below 20 nm (Figure 1a). However, the addition of manganese, cobalt, iron and nickel positively influences the FM of ZnO polycrystals. Such additions decrease the amount of GBs needed for

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• , hardness, and the control of segregation-induced intergranular brittleness and intergranular fatigue fracture in electrodeposited nickel and nickel alloys with initial submicrometer-grained structure. A new approach to GBE based on fractal analysis of grain boundary connectivity is proposed to produce high

• relationship between the Vickers hardness and the average grain size for pure nickel (Ni) and nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) alloy specimens produced by electrodeposition and subsequent annealing. The data obtained from our recent investigation are shown together with those for pure Ni [62][64] and Ni–1.2 mass % P

• alloy [3] reported by other researchers. The state of the supersaturated solid solution in as-electrodeposited Ni–4.4 mass % P alloy specimens was confirmed, although the Ni–P phase diagram [65] indicates that the solubility limit of phosphorus into nickel matrix is 0.17 mass %. Accordingly, the Ni3P

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• using NiSO4·7H2O and FeSO4·6H2O as sources of Ni and Fe ions, and H3BO3 as a stabilizer. To fabricate Ni NWs, we used a solution containing NiSO4·6H2O and NiCl2·6H2O as a nickel source, and boric acid as a stabilizer. NaOH was used to adjust the pH value of the solution (pH meter HI83141, HANNA

• are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, and summarized in Table 3. The character of these XRD data with narrow peaks suggests a crystalline phase in the both cases. The nickel phase (Figure 4) crystallized in a fcc lattice, as evidenced by identification of Ni samples, Table 3, using the ICDD

• with each other and with those of bulk nickel. In Figure 6, the σ(T) dependence of Ni NWs fabricated in the alumina template with HPA of 50 μm at a current density of 3 mA·cm−2 and a deposition duration of 120 min is presented. The same results for Ni–Fe NWs fabricated in the alumina template with HPA