The effect of the electrical double layer on hydrodynamic lubrication: a non-monotonic trend with increasing zeta potential

• Dalei Jing,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1515–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.152

• inlet of bearing, respectively. While solving for the hydrodynamic load capacity, the following pressure boundary conditions were used: Results and Discussion After establishing the theoretical model regarding the effect of the EDL on the hydrodynamic lubrication, NaCl solution was chosen as the

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• collected into a heparinized medical syringe. Lymphocytes were separated by centrifugation in a density gradient (Histopaque 1077, Sigma, USA) according to instructions of the manufacturer and washed twice: control lymphocytes in 0.15 M NaCl, lymphocytes that were intended for blast transformation reaction

• in RPMI 1640 medium. To induce the blast transformation the lymphocyte suspension was cultivated in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FBS and 1000 units/mL IL-2α at 37 °C for 20 h. After cultivation the cells were washed in 0.15 M NaCl. Aliquots of the suspension were used for cytological analysis to

• drug Сіs (0.01, 0.1 or 0.15 mg/mL) or the complex of C60 fullerene with Cis (Cis concentration was 0.1 or 0.15 mg/L, the C60 fullerene to Cis molar ratio was equal to 1:2.4) for 1.5 h at 37 °C, washed once in 0.15 M NaCl, and then used for the comet assay. Five to seven independent repeats of the

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

• Sebastian Koslowski,
• Daniel Rosenblatt,
• Alexander Kabakchiev,
• Klaus Kuhnke,
• Klaus Kern and
• Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

• metal [7]. For example, it has been shown that NaCl with a thickness of merely one to three atomic layers grown on a Cu(111) surface provides sufficient electronic decoupling between pentacene molecules and the metal surface [6]. The influence of the inert NaCl layer on the molecules is very small, as

• resolution, the tip is functionalized with a pentacene molecule, as has been shown for pentacene on NaCl [3] (Figure 4). The functionalization is achieved by positioning a metallic tip over the endpoint of the pentacene molecule. While monitoring the current, the tip is lowered until an abrupt change in the

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• found in wastewater such as Na2SO4, NaNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2 or NaCl was also investigated (all these salts were used at a 10 mM concentration). Neither the adsorption of Orange II at the surface of the ZnO/ZCIS catalyst nor its photodegradation were significantly affected by the presence of these salts

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 400 mM NaCl, 1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM ZnCl2, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM Na2V03, 10 μL protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Mannheim, Germany) per mL) with 10−4 M DHT and an equivalent amount of ethanol in a control purification. The lysates were then centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000g

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• salt (e.g., 0.15 M NaCl) stabilizes the interaction between CR molecules and increases its supramolecularity [32]. Figure 3 presents the effect of addition of salt on the amount of CR bound to SWNTs (0.05 M pH 7.4 Tris/HCl buffer with no NaCl and at 0.145 M and 0.264 M NaCl) after 1 or 4 days of

• incubation at room temperature. In Figure 3, 100% equals the total amount of CR added to the sample (1 mL of 2 mg/mL CR added to 1 mg of SWNTs, followed by sonication and filtration, as described in the Experimental part). At low ionic strength (no NaCl) the interaction of CR with SWNTs is low – dispersion

• of SWNTs is not observed and there are no changes in the absorption spectrum of CR. At both 0.145 M and 0.264 M NaCl the efficiency of CR binding is high, but complexes are formed faster at the higher salt concentration. Congo red binding capacity of SWNTs Analysis of samples containing SWNT–CR

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• was induced with 500 µM IPTG at 16 °C for 16 h. The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 6,000g for 10 min at 4 °C and lysed at 12 bar with two passes in a microfluidizer in 20 mL ice-cold lysis buffer (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl) per 1 L bacterial culture. Lysates were cleared by

• NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 1 M NaCl) and wash buffer II (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 20 mM imidazole). HTRA2 was eluted with 3 column volumes of elution buffer I (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM imidazole) and elution buffer II (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole). Fractions

• ) per 1 L of expression culture that had been equilibrated with 40 column volumes of lysis buffer. The columns were then washed as described for the Ni-TED columns. Additionally, a third washing step with 40 column volumes of wash buffer III was included (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 70 mM

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• previously described [19]. Briefly, 0.1 mL of anti-IgG was reconstituted in Buph PBS (0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2) containing 10 mM EDTA. Then, 5 μL DTT (1 M) dissolved in Buph PBS/10 mM EDTA were added to the IgG solution. The samples were mixed and reacted on a rotator at room temperature

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• (reagent grade, Macrochem, Ukraine), NH4Cl, NaNO3, NaCl (chemically pure, Macrochem, Ukraine); HNO3, HCl, NaOH, EDTA - fixanal concentrates (Reahim, Ukraine); murexide (analytical grade, Reahim, Ukraine). Synthesis of nanoparticles The particles were produced by a single-step Stöber approach (for details

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• ) solutions at pH 7.4 (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, phosphate buffered 10 mM) were obtained from Amresco (Italy). Ultra-pure water (Milli-Q Element, Millipore) was used for all the experiments. Synthesis of AuNPs Glassware was cleaned with freshly prepared “piranha” solution; i.e., a mixture of 1:3 ratio of

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• -ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), streptavidin, K3Fe(CN)6, and K4Fe(CN)6 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (USA). Analytical grade HCl, NaCl, D-glucose, glutaraldehyde, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), iodomethane, sodium

• hydroxide, sodium iodide and acetone were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals employed were of analytical grade and deionized water was utilized in all the experiments. Buffers used in the experiment included Tris buffer (including 2% BSA), the immobilization buffer (NaCl 300 mM

• , Na2HPO4 20 mM, EDTA 0.1 mM at pH 7.4), and the hybridization buffer (NaCl 300 mM, sodium citrate 30 mM at pH 7.4). The SPCEs (3.4 cm length × 1.0 cm width × 0.05 cm height) were purchased from DropSens (Spain). The SPCE consists of a 4 mm diameter disk carbon working electrode, carbon counter electrode

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• made by adsorption of the positively charged poly allylamine hydrochloride (PAH) from 1 mg/mL solution in 0.15 M NaCl (15 min of incubation and shaking) on CaCO3 microparticles dispersed in this solution. The second layer was prepared by absorption of the negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS

• ) from 1 mg/mL solution in 0.15 M NaCl (15 min of incubation and shaking). The third layer was made by adsorption of PAH again, and the O-dots were fixed on the positively charged polymeric surface. Then, the above described procedures were repeated. As a result, each particle was composed of a core and

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

• resolution of oligos based on both length and composition. Typically, a flow of 0.5 mL/min was used and a linear gradient system with solvent A of 25 mM Tris HCl at pH 7.0 and solvent B of 1.0 M NaCl in solvent A; the initial elution conditions were typically at 75% for A and 25% for B. The actual gradient

• 20-mers differing only by one base analyzed by IE HPLC on DNAPac. An equimolar mixture of the four oligos appears as a single peak by CE, but as four separate peaks by HPLC using a NaCl gradient in a 25 mM Tris HCl pH 7.0 buffer on a 2 × 250 mm DNAPac PA200 from Dionex. Overlapping HPLC profiles of

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• experiments, we investigated the influence of various chlorides (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) used at a 10 mM concentration and at neutral pH on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO:Ce (5%) rods (Figure 11a). The amount of dye adsorbed by the photocatalyst and the photocatalytic activity are only slightly

• influenced by CaCl2 (complete degradation in 100 min while in the absence of CaCl2, the oxidation is complete in 80 min). Noteworthy is that NaCl and MgCl2 increased the photodegradation rate. We assume that Na+ or Mg2+ ions can either neutralize the negative sites at the surface of ZnO:Ce and thus diminish

Sandwich-like layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles with tunable SERS properties

• Zhicheng Liu,
• Lu Bai,
• Guizhe Zhao and
• Yaqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1028–1032, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.95

• to deposit the first PDDA layer. Sandwich-like LbL thin films were obtained by alternative immersion of PDDA (1 mg/mL, with 1.5 M NaCl, 30 min) and Au NP solution (12 h). After each immersion step, the thin film was rinsed with water and dried under N2. Since only two different sizes of Au NPs were

• concentration (1.5 M NaCl, this work) may be similar to that of three polyelectrolyte monolayers assembled at low salt concentration (0.1 M NaCl, work of Rockstuhl et al.) [36]. Overall, controlling the interlayer distance of the NP layers is another efficient way to tune the SERS properties of multilayer thin

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• follows: 0.4 mg of bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine dihydrate dipotassium salt (BSPP) were added to 1 mL gold nanoparticle solution and mixed for 48 h. Solid NaCl was dissolved in this solution until a color change from pinkish to light purple occurred. Then, the solution was spun down at 7500g for

• a thiol functionality at the 3′ end (sequence: 5′TTTTT TTTTT TTTTT TTT–C3H5SH3′, HPLC purified, Biomers.net). For this, 3.2 pmol phosphinated gold nanoparticles were mixed in equivalent ratio with the oligonucleotides in Na+-TBE buffer solution (50 mM NaCl, 89 mM Tris, 89 mM boric acid, 1 mM EDTA pH

• temperature for at least 12 h in 1×TE buffer with 12.5 mM MgCl2 and 300 mM NaCl. Finally, excess of gold nanoparticles was removed by gel electrophoresis (0.6% agarose gel in 0.5×TAE buffer with 5 mM MgCl2, 2 h, 80 V) and Freeze `N` Squeeze purification of the separated band for the gold-nanoparticle modified

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• (pH 7.5). After 30 min incubation at a temperature of 50 °C, the solution was centrifuged at 100000g for 1 h. The pellet was resuspended in SDS-salt buffer containing 2% SDS, 0.5 M NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), incubated at a temperature of 37 °C for 30 min and centrifuged again at 100000g for 30 min

Coupled molecular and cantilever dynamics model for frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 708–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.63

• substrate is reduced to a simple cuboid, and the tip to a cube. Compared to the crystallographic orientation of the substrate, the tip cube is rotated such that one of its diagonal axes is parallel to the z-axis. The crystals considered in this paper have face-centered cubic (fcc) or NaCl structure. The z

• than for the Lennard-Jones crystal. Therefore, a different procedure turned out to be more favorable. For the ionic crystals the substrate ions were placed on a regular NaCl lattice with a lattice constant characteristic for the finite crystal size. Then the positions of all surface atoms apart from

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• , Cecil, UK). Equimolar ratios of S1 DNA-TPA with S2 DNA-TPA were annealed in 50 µL of total volume of 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, 10 mM magnesium chloride and 100 mM NaCl (pH 7.2) by heating to 90 °C and allowing the solution to cool slowly to 4 °C at a rate of 0.1 °C per minute over 4 h. Zn PpIX was

• been carried out in 100 µL annealing buffer (10 mM sodium phosphate, 75 mM NaCl and 5 mM MgCl2) at pH 7.5. The samples were transferred into microcuvettes (Hellma cell) and kept at 20 °C for 2 min prior to measurement. At least five measurements were performed for each sample at 20 °C at a scattering

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• . Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), imidazole, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), NaCl and NiCl2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NTA SAM deposition and interaction with His6 Clean Arrandee samples or freshly stripped Ulman gold samples were incubated for 24 h in 15 μM NTA1 (NTA2) solution, using ethanol as

• solvent. For ex situ optical measurements the NTA/Au samples were rinsed with ethanol and dried with N2 flow. A subset of NTA/Au samples were transferred in a salt buffer solution (20 mM Tris and 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) for subsequent characterization and treatments. After a first optical characterization in

• nanografted areas have been then imaged in soft contact mode in ethanol or in saline buffer (Tris-HCl 20 mM, NaCl 150 mM, pH 7.4) with commercial cantilevers (CSC38 Mikromasch, k = 0.03 N/m) at the minimum force detectable (0.1 nN). Images and data were analyzed with XEI (Park Instruments) and Igor Pro

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• only takes place for the Hcp1_cys3-functionalized NPs, where the citrate-stabilized Au NPs remain stable as evidenced by their unchanged surface plasmon resonance at 520 nm. When the NaCl concentration exceeded 12 mM, a prompt color change to blue followed by precipitation of a blue solid was observed

• Figure 6, the Raman spectra of the pure Hcp1_cys3 Au NP sample with 2 equiv Hcp1_cys3 in 6 mM NaCl from Figure 2A and the Au Hcp1_cys3 network from Figure 3 and Figure 4 are shown. These samples represent 3 cases: a) pure/bare Hcp1_cys3 protein, b) Hcp1_cys3 adsorbed on the Au NP surface and c) Hcp1_cys3

• centrifugation of the solution at 40000 rpm. The supernatant was discarded and precipitate was collected and redispersed in MeOH. The procedure was repeated three times. The solid was dried in a vacuum oven and could be easily dispersed in water. The storage buffer (50 mM Tris, 500 mM NaCl, 150 mM imidazol, 10

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• with and without calcium in the subphase. For pH 9, a solution of 10 mM borax buffer has been used, and for pH 4, a 10 mM citric buffer. Either 150 mM NaCl was added to mimic the physiological environment and 1 mM EDTA to chelate traces of divalent cations, or the EDTA was substituted by 1 mM CaCl2. On

• ) was purchased from Matreya, LLC (PA, USA). EDTA (≥99.4%), NaCl (≥99.5%), NaOH (≥99.5%), CaCl2 (≥99%) and HCl were purchased from Sigma Aldrich GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany). Chloroform (≥99.9%) and citric acid monohydrate (≥99.5%) were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany) and methanol

• (≥99.9%) from VWR Chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Sodium tetraborate decahydrate (≥99.5%) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). NaCl was heated to 600 °C to remove potential organic impurities. All other chemicals and salts were used without further purification. For monolayer

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• , the AFM tip is scanned at high load (approx. 100 nN) over the TOEG6 SAM, operating in a buffer solution (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, (hereafter TE), 1 M NaCl, pH 7.1) containing 5 μM thiolated ssDNA oligonucleotides. The applied load is sufficient to displace the TOEG6 molecules from the gold surface

• cantilevers (CSC38 Mikromasch, spring constant: 0.06 N/m) at 1 Hz scan rate, applying a force of 0.1 nN. Hybridization was monitored after the addition of the required target solutions (1 μM target in TE buffer 1 M NaCl) into the AFM liquid cell for 1 h. All DNA sequences used in the present work are listed

• on gold [23][29]. Initially the electrodes were wetted for 10 min with a drop of a high-ionic-strength buffer, TE 1 M NaCl, containing 1 μM thiolated ssDNA. In this way a low-density ssDNA SAM (about 2 × 1012 to 3 × 1012 molecules/cm2) was obtained [29]. After DNA-functionalization the devices were

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• purification. The ionic strength of the solutions was controlled by adding NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99.9%). The water used for all the experiments was of Milli-Q quality (Millipore RG model). All the experiments were done at (298.1 ± 1.0) K. Layer-by-layer assembly In a similar manner as described in [8

• ]. Figure 8b shows that the role of the extrinsic compensation in PDADMAC layers is significantly enhanced with the increase in the ionic strength. This is associated to the strong screening effect of NaCl on the charge of PDADMAC. This implies that the amount of counterions associated with the PDADMAC

• [sodium]/[sulfur] occurs. This is a further confirmation of the reduced effect of NaCl on the adsorption of PSS for low and moderate ionic strengths. The different trends found for the ratios of [sodium]/[sulfur] and [chloride]/[nitrogen] agree with the conclusion obtained from ellipsometry. Conclusion

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• examine various coupling ratios of PDHs to anti-DIG beads for the subsequent biotin-streptavidin binding in OT experiments. All experiments were also performed in TICO buffer with an increased Mg content of 12 mM (high Mg TICO). Control experiments were carried out in standard buffer (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM